[Objective]To evaluate the effects of sutureless technique in comparison to conventional techniques for repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TAPVC)with the method of propensity score analysis.[Methods]From October 2007 to December 2013,179 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were operated with sutureless technique(n = 81)or Conventional technique(n=98),and followed up at an interval of 1 month,3 months,6 months and then once a year post-operation. During analysis,three type of propensity-score matching methods,including nearest neighbor caliper matching,Mahalanobis metric matching with propensity score ,optimal full matching were used to create balanced groups of patients receiving each treatment. Surgeons’performance difference was assessed with random frailty proportional hazards models with gamma. Composite endpoints was defined by postoperative death or late death or postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction(PVO),which was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model,adjusted by Preoperative-PVO,age,gender,weight and TAPVC type.[Results]Nearest neighbor caliper matching method was the best choice during propensity score analysis. After matching ,sutureless group included 73 patients and Conventional group73 patients. In sutureless group,cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)time(Z=2.18, P=0.030),cross-clamp time(Z=3.63,P<0.001),rate of composite endpoints(HR 95%CI=0.20(0.06~0.61),P=0.005),late death(HR 95%CI=0.03(0.01~0.55),P=0.017)were significantly better than that in Conventional group. In subgroup analysis ,for patients with pre-PVO,decreased composite endpoints was seen in sutureless group.[Conclusion]Comparison using thepropensity score analysis demonstrated that sutureless strategy for primary repair of TAPVC may associate with decreased mortality rate of post-PVO and CPB time and cross-clamp time.

Objective:To summarize the experience and early outcomes of transapical mitral valve-in-valve procedure with J-Valve in patients with bioprostheses degeneration.Methods:The clinical data of 29 patients who underwent mitral transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation with J-Valve from April 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were male 16 and female 13 patients with average age (72.0±11.6) years. Patients underwent previous mitral valve replacement with bioprostheses of Hancock Ⅱ in 17, Edwards SAV in 7, Edwards Perimount in 3, Balmedic in 1, Mosaic in 1. The size of mitral bioprostheses included 25 # for 8 patients, 27 # for 17 patients, and 29 # for other 4 patients. The operations were performed in the hybrid operation room. Under X-ray fluoroscopy and TEE monitoring, the retro-preseted J-valve was implanted into the mitral bioprosthetic valve via the intercostal space and apical puncture. Results:One patient was converted urgently to mediate sternotomy, and the transcatheter mitral valve was reset after opening left atrium on cardiopulmonary bypass due to the migration of transcatheter valve. twenty eight patients were successfully completed transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve procedure with technical success achieving in 96.6% . Among the 28 patients who successfully were completed valve-in-valve procedure, 1 died and 27 were discharged in well condition. The mean mitral transvalvular gradient was (7.6±2.2)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), no death or other major complications occurred during the follow-up.Conclusion:The application of J-Valve interventional valve in patients with bioprosthesis degeneration can achieve favourable early outcomes, even if the patient was replaced with a small bioprosthesis in the previous operation, the hemodynamic effect was still satisfactory.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of minimally invasive surgery in patients with late severe tricuspid regurgitation after cardiac surgery, and to evaluate the role of leaflets augmentation technique in tricuspid valvuloplasty. Methods: From January 2015 to June 2019, 85 patients undergoing tricuspid valve repair procedure with minimally invasive approach at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong provincial People′s Hospital were enrolled. There were 22 males and 63 females, aging of (53.6±12.4) years (range: 15 to 75 years). The interval between the prior and current operations was (16.0±7.3) years (range: 0.2 to 35.0 years). The diameter of right atrium and right ventricle was (77.3±17.2) mm and (61.0±8.4) mm, respectively. Tricuspid regurgitation was severe or extremely severe, the tricuspid regurgitation area was (19.0±10.3) cm². All patients underwent minimally invasive tricuspid valvuloplasty or tricuspid valve replacement on beating-heart with totally endoscopic technique and port-access approach through right chest wall. The operations included tricuspid valve replacement and tricuspid valvuloplasty, the technique of tricuspid valvuloplasty including leaflets augmentation with patch, ring implantation, chordae tendineaes reconstruction, release of papillary muscle, edge to edge method, etc. Postoperative hospitalization days, the time of ICU stay, blood transfusion rate, ventilator time and the results of echocardiography were recorded. Follow-up was completed regularly by WeChat, telephone and outpatient visit. Results: Sixty-five patients underwent tricuspid valve repair, and 20 patients underwent tricuspid valve replacement because of prosthetic failure and plasty failure. Five patients died during hospitalization, with mortality rate 5.9%. One patient was transferred to local hospital for anti-infection treatment, the other 79 patients were discharged from hospital in well condition and followed-up. The postoperative hospitalization time was 7.0 (5.5) days (M(Q_R)) days, the mean ventilator time was 18.0 (16.2) hours, and the mean ICU stay time was 68.0 (75.5) hours. There were 35 patients without blood conduction transfusion, the transfusion rate was only 58.9% (50/85). Four cases of severe, 9 cases of moderate and 67 cases of mild to zero tricuspid regurgitation were examined before being discharged, with tricuspid regurgitation area of (2.8±3.5) cm² (range: 0 to 19.1 cm²). The follow-up time was 1 to 38 months. Two patients died during follow-up, one patient died from infective endocarditis and mitral perivalvular leakage, the other one died of intractable right heart failure. One patient was implanted with permanent pacemaker due to Ⅲ atrioventricular block. Valvular re-replacement was performed in 2 patients who were re-admitted for the artificial valve infection and mechanical valve obstruction. No re-operation of tricuspid valve. Conclusions Totally endoscopic minimally invasive technique provided satisfactory surgical outcomes for critically sick patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation following cardiac surgery. The application of leaflets augmentation technique achieved ideal repair effect for previously unrepairable lesions.

Objective     To summarize the early results and clinical experience of using the J-Valve for transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation in patients with degenerated bioprosthesis at different anatomic positions. Methods     A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the short-term outcomes of 39 consecutive patients who underwent transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation using the J-Valve System in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from April 2020 to August 2021 due to bioprosthetic degeneration at different  anatomic positions. Among them, 35 patients underwent transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve (TMViV) implantation, 1 transcatheter aortic valve-in-valve (TAViV) implantation, 1 transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve (TTViV) implantation, 1 TMViV implantation with simultaneous TAViV implantation, and another one TMViV implantation with simultaneous transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and perivalvular leakage (PVL) closure. Results     Among the 35 patients who underwent isolated TMViV implantation, 17 were male and 18 were female with a mean age of 72.6±10.8 years. Mean duration between two operations was 10.5±2.7 years. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons and EuroSCORE Ⅱ scores were 12.95%±9.61% and 13.91%±8.94%, respectively. The device success rate was 97.1% and no death occured during the operation. One patient was transferred to thoracotomy due to device displacement, 1 was re-opened for uncontrolled bleeding, and 1 presented left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. One patient underwent craniotomy due to intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days after surgery, and no other complications occurred including death, stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, cardiac tamponade, or re-hospitalization. The mean follow-up time was 6.0±4.4 months, the mean mitral valve gradient was significantly improved (10.4±2.0 mm Hg vs. 5.5±1.2 mm Hg, P<0.05), and the New York Heart Association class≤Ⅱ in all the patients at the last follow-up. Among the other 4 patients who did not undergo isolated TMViV implantation, the transapical TAViV implantation and the trans-right atrium TTViV implantation were successful without intra- or post-operative complications. The patient who underwent TMViV and TAViV implantation simultaneously via transapical approach died of severe pulmonary hemorrhage and multiple organ failure 16 days after surgery. The other patient who underwent transapical TMViV combined with TAVR and PVL closure died of septic shock 10 days after the surgery. Conclusion     Transcatheter valve-in-valve implantation using the J-Valve system is shown to be a safe and effective procedure to treat mitral, aortic and tricuspid bioprosthetic valve dysfunction in high-risk patients, providing a new alternative to surgical surgery for degenerated bioprosthesis at different anatomic positions. However, simultaneous different valves intervention should be very cautious.

Objective    To analyze the feasibility of bidirectional Glenn procedure (BDG) in treatment of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Methods    From December 2004 to December 2015, 42 ACHD patients received BDG in our hospital. There were 23 males and 19 females with a mean age of 24.6±8.5 years (range: 18 to 49 years). There were functional single ventricle (FSV) in 14 patients, Ebstein’s anomaly in 11, corrected transposition of great arteries in 7, transposition of great arteries in 5, double outlet of right ventricle in 3 and tricuspid atresia in 2. Twenty patients suffered moderate or severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR). Half of the patients were operated upon with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the others with off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Thirty-four patients underwent unilateral BDG shunt and eight bilateral BDG shunts. Concomitant procedures included correction of Ebstein’s anomaly (7 patients), atrioventricular valve replacement (7), atrial septostomy (3), ligation of patent ductus arteriosus (3), ligation of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (2), correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (1) and mitral valve repair (1). Results    The early operative mortality was 9.5% (4/42). FSV and moderate or severe AVVR were risk factors for BDG in ACHD. Early postoperative oxygen saturation increased from 78.8%±11.2% to 89.3%±6.6% (P<0.05). The follow-up time was 6-132 (41.4±33.1) months. There was no death. The heart function improved (2.7±0.5 vs. 1.9±0.4, P<0.05). Conclusion    The BDG shunt can be applied to ACHD. Although the early mortality is relatively high, the middle- and long-term results are satisfactory. The oxygen saturation increases and  the heart function improves. The life quality of patients will also improve. FSV and moderate or severe AVVR are risk factors for BDG in ACHD.

Objective    To summarize the early outcomes of totally thoracoscopic minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (AVR) and double valve replacement (DVR). Methods    The clinical data of patients who underwent totally thoracoscopic minimally invasive AVR or DVR in Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital from April 2020 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an AVR group and a DVR group according to the surgical method, and the clinical data of the two groups were compared. Results    Finally 22 patients were enrolled, including 14 males and 8 females with an average age of 50.0±11.2 years at operation. Eight patients were degenerative disease, 8 were rheumatic heart disease combined with valvular disease, and 6 were bicuspid aortic valve. Out of the 22 patients, 16 underwent AVR alone, and 6 underwent DVR. All patients completed the operation successfully, and there was no death. Perivalvular leakage during surgery occurred in 2 patients. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 187.0±39.9 minutes, and aortic cross-clamping time was 117.0 (99.0, 158.0) minutes. Duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay was 9.5 (4.8, 18.3) hours and 41.0 (34.0, 64.0) hours, respectively. The volume of chest drainage at the first 24 hours after surgery was 214.0±124.6 mL, and the postoperative hospital stay was 5.5 (4.0, 8.3) days. The cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamping time in the DVR group were longer than those in the AVR group, and the volume of chest drainage at 24 hours after surgery was more than that in the AVR group, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). Echocardiography before hospital discharge showed paravalvular leakage in 1 patient. There was no death during follow-up of 5.9±3.0 months. Conclusion    The early outcome of totally thoracoscopic minimally invasive AVR and DVR is satisfactory, and the approach of surgery is worth exploring.

Objective    To investigate the predictive value of right atrial myocardial fibrosis in the prognosis of isolated tricuspid regurgitation surgery after left heart valve surgery. Methods    The patients who underwent tricuspid valvuloplasty by the same operator in Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital from April 2016 to August 2021 due to long-term isolated severe tricuspid regurgitation after left heart valve surgery were included in the study. According to the degree of right atrial myocardial fibrosis, the patients were divided into three groups: a mild group, a moderate group, and a severe group. The clinical data of these patients were compared and analyzed. Results    A total of 75 patients were enrolled, including 16 males and 59 females with an average age of 57.0±8.4 years. There were 30 patients in the mild group, 29 patients in the moderate group and 16 patients in the severe group. In terms of the preoperative data, there were statistical differences in cardiac function grade, right atrial diameter, tricuspid incompetence area among the three groups (P<0.05). In terms of the postoperative data, there were statistical differences among the three groups in the cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, ICU monitoring time, complication rate and mortality (P<0.05). Further pairwise comparison showed that, compared with the mild group, the severe group had longer mechanical ventilation time (P=0.024), longer ICU monitoring time (P=0.003) and higher incidence of postoperative complications (P=0.024), while the moderate group had no statistical difference in all aspects (P>0.05); compared with the moderate group, the severe group had longer ICU monitoring time (P=0.021) and higher incidence of complications (P=0.006). Conclusion    The early outcome of tricuspid valvuloplasty in patients with isolated tricuspid regurgitation after left heart valve surgery with severe right atrial myocardial fibrosis is worse than that in the patients with mild and moderate fibrosis, suggesting that the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the right atrium can be a predictor of the effect of tricuspid regurgitation surgery and a judgement indicator of the surgery timing.

Objective To develop a novel transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement device and test its performance. Methods The transcatheter tricuspid valve stent consisted of double-layer self-expanding nitinol stent, biotissue-derived bovine pericardial leaflets, and PTFE woven. The delivery system, mainly consisting of a handle control unit and a delivery sheath, was sent to the correct position via right atrium or jugular vein. The sheath had a visualization feature, and the handle control unit could realize the functions of stable release and partial recovery of the interventional valve. In addition, this study performed animal survival experiments on the basis of in vitro experiments. A large-white pig was used as the experimental animal. Cardiopulmonary bypass was established through median thoracotomy, then the right atrium was opened, and the interventional valve was released under direct vision without cardiac arrest. Approximately 1 month after interventional valve implantation, the maneuverability and stability of the interventional tricuspid device were evaluated by autopsy. Results Through the animal experiment, the interventional valve was successfully released, and the anchoring was satisfactory. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed that the interventional valve opened and closed well, the flow rate of tricuspid valve was 0.6 m/s, and there was no obvious tricuspid regurgitation. One month after the operation, we dissected the large-white pig and found the interventional valve was not deformed or displaced, the leaflets were well aligned, and there was thrombus attachment in the groove between the inner and outer layers of the interventional valve. Conclusion Animal experiment shows that the novel device can stably and firmly attach to the tricuspid annulus, with good anchoring effect, and effectively reduce paravalvular leakage.