Air Pollutants, Radioactive ; adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced ; etiology ; genetics ; Radon ; adverse effects

Animals ; Cardiovascular System ; chemistry ; Female ; Group II Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group IV Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group V Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Group X Phospholipases A2 ; blood ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To explore the expression of P -glycoprotein ( P-gp) in rat liver during acute inflammation ( AI ) and the possible mechanism involved.Methods Twenty rats were randomly divided into two groups:model group (n=10) and control group (n=10).The rats in model group were treated by a single 5 mg? kg -1 intraperitoneal injec-tion of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS).Control rats received equivalent injec-tion of sterile normal saline.The levels of P-gp, ubiquitinated P-gp and 26 S proteasome activity in both groups were analyzed by Western blot, immunoprecipitation and fluorescence detection, respectively. Results Compared to the control groups, ubiquitination levels of liver P-gp and 26S proteasome activity in model groups were significantly in-creased ( P<0.01 ) , accompanied by an decrease of liver P-gp protein expression level. Conclusion The participation of the ubiquitin -proteasome system in down-regulation of liver P-gp expression levels under AI conditions.

College education plays a significant role in cultivating the innovative talents in the national education system.It is an important way to make a person innovative By carrying out the education reform of scientific research among undergraduates.Much to my honor,I,having participated in all the process of the project application and experimental research supported by the funds,the project application of undergraduate scientific research,WHU,2006.I,attempt to make an argument about significance and superiority of the medical undergraduates taking part in the scientific research.Moreover,I would like to put forward some principles for those who are about to participate in this similar kind of activity.

Objective To study the correlation between lactate/albumin ratio level and incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) as well as mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.Methods In January 2012-September 2013, 54 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU) of a hospital developed severe sepsis and septic shock on the first day of admission, clinical data of patients were analyzed.Results On the first and second days of admission, 30(55.56%)and 26(53.06%)patients developed MODS;lactate/albumin ratio between MODS group and non-MODS group on the first and second days of admission were both significantly different (both P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lactate/albumin ratio, oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), as well as acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) were independent risk factors for predicting MODS in patients with severe sepsis.Lactate/albumin ratios between MODS group and non-MODS group, death group and non-death group were both significantly different (both P<0.05);lactate/albumin ratio was correlated with APACHE Ⅱand PaO2/FiO2, the higher the APACHE Ⅱ score and the lower the PaO2/FiO2, the higher of lactate/albumin ratio.The area under the receiver operating curve (ROC curve) analysis showed that incidence and mortality of MODS on the first day of admission predicted by lactate /albumin ratio were 0.85 and 0.84 respectively;sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of occurrence of MODS predicted by lactate /albumin ratio>1.735 were 80.00%, 79.17%, 82.67%, and 75.92% respectively, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of mortality were 100.00%, 51.02%, 17.23%, and 100.00% respectively.Conclusion Lactate/albumin ratio level is closely correlated with incidence and mortality of MODS in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.

Aim: To observe the changes in thymocyte and its microenvironment in aged mice after bilateral testicular resection.Methods: In male old mice, at the 25th day after testicular resection, the peripheral blood and thymus were collected. Blood and thymus suspension smears were prepared for quantitative histochemistry and immunohistochemistry study under light and electron microscopes. Results: In testes resected mice the size and the weight of thymus were markedly increased. The demarcation between cortex and medulla was clear. The cortex was thickened and the cell density was increased. The ratio of cortex/medulla stereometry was increased. The total cell count, thymocyte count,the percentage of acid α-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) positive thymocytes, nonlymphocytes and the rosette formation of macrophages and thymocytes were all increased. The thymocytes surrounded closely to the light thymic epithelial cells, dendritic cells or macrophages. The lymphocytes, particularly the ANAE positive lymphocytes of peripheral blood were increased. Conclusion: After bilateral testicular resection, the thymus of aged male mice showed morphological regeneration and the thymocytes and its microenvironment appeared to be definitely improved. It is suggested that testicular resection may improve immune function.

OBJECTIVETo improve the respiratory isolation policy for patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

METHODSAll consecutive patients with suspicion of having pulmonary TB when seeking health care at the County TB dispensary of the Center of Disease Control and Prevention received face to face interview.

RESULTSA Classification model was constructed with a sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 90.2%, while predictive factors of culture-proven pulmonary TB among smear negativecases were soakage in Chest X-ray exam (77.0% vs. 4.4%; P<0.0001), bilateral lung's abnormal (1.6% vs. 19.4%; P<0.0001) and reaction of tuberculin skin testing (0.0% vs. 2.6%; P=0.014).

CONCLUSIONSoakage, bilateral lung's abnormal and positive reaction of tuberculin skin testing were important predictors to prognosticate culture positive diagnosis. The model had been proved to have promising sensitivity and specificity in the rural population covered by NTP-DOTs.

Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Patient Isolation ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; classification ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

Objective To study the effect of the petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extracts of Polyrhachisvicina Roger with antigout activity on liver microsomal cytochrome P450 in rats.Methods Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (3 rats of each group):three groups of the petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extracts of Polyrhachisvi-cina Roger ( test groups, the low dose group, the middle dose group and the high dose group with equivalent to 1, 2, 4 g? kg -1, respectively), two positive control groups and one blank control group.The rats in the low dose, the middle dose and the high dose test groups were adminis-tered daily by gavage at corresponding dose of the petroleum ether frac-tion of ethanol extracts of Polyrhachisvicina Roger for 10 consecutive days.The rats in positive control groups were treated by dexamethasone ( 100 mg? kg-1? d-1 , ip, daily for 4 days ) or phenobarbital ( 80 mg? kg-1? d-1 , ip, daily for 3 days ) .Blank control rats received equivalent volume of sterile normal saline daily by gavage for 10 consecu-tive days.The levels of CYP450 activity, mRNA, protein in rat liver mi-crosome were analyzed by LC/MS/MS or RP-HPLC-FLD, RT-PCR, Western blot, respectively.Results CYP1A2 activity, protein expression and mRNA levels were increased signifi-cantly in a dose-dependent manner with the petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extracts of Polyrhachisvicina Roger at low, middle and high dose, respectively.Conclusion The petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extracts of Polyrhachis-vicina Roger can induce CYP1A2 in rats, suggesting the potential of drug-drug interactions between the petroleum ether fraction of ethanol extracts of Polyrhachisvicina Roger and the inducers, inhibitors, or substrates of CYP1A2.

Objective To investigate the episodes and influencing factors on self-harm and to explore the relationship between self-harm episodes and suicidal psychology and behaviors in college students. Methods Four universities were selected using cluster sampling method in Anqing city and Chaohu city. Totally, 2713 college students completed this survey. Data were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square and logistic regression. Results In the last six months, rates of highly lethal self-harm,less lethal self-harm with visible tissue damage, self-injury without visible tissue damage,self-harmful behaviors with latency damage, other self-harmful behaviors with menticide were 1.9%,5.5%, 15.3%, 21.2% and 17.0% respectively. The total rate of self-harm was 31.3%. 73.1% of the students with self harmful experiences had the above mentioned behaviors more than 3 times in the last six months. The top 3 reasons for taking self-harm actions were: having learning problems (43. 1% ), failed love affairs (25.0%) and having conflicts with others (23.9%). There were different influencing factors among different kinds of self-harm episodes. Depression was the risk factor of self-harm. The higher score of having high self-esteem was the protective factor of all kinds of self-harm actions except highly lethal ones. Higher score of difficulties in identifying feelings was one of the risk factors. The rates of suicidal psychology and behaviors in students with self-harm were significantly higher than those in students without those behaviors. Result from linear x2 test indicated that the graveness of tissue damage of self-harm was higher along with the rates of suicidal psychology and behaviors (P＜0.01). Conclusion Among 2713 college students, about 1/3adolescents having experienced self-harm in the last 6 months, many with repeated ones. Depression and difficulties in identifying feelings were the two risk factors while self-esteem was the protective factor related to most of the self-harm cases.

In recent years, erythrocyte-inspired delivery systems have gained much attention. Erythrocytes(red blood cells, RBCs)are natural components of our bodies. Compared to the conventional drug delivery systems, RBCs have such advantages, as higher degree of biocompatibility and longer half-life. Herein, characteristics for drug delivery, preparation methods and recent research of RBC carriers are reviewed. Besides the latest development on RBC membrane-camouflaged nanoparticle systems(RBC-NP)and RBC membrane nanosponges, which have emerged as new trends of erythrocyte-inspired delivery systems are introduced.