Objective Inflammation plays a critical role in the presence , development and maintenance of atrial fibrillation ( AF) , but it remains unclear what factors induce inflammation in AF patients , especially in those with valvular heart disease ( VHD) . The aim of this paper was to investigate the role of the shedding of Syndecan -4 in left atrial inflammation in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation. Methods Sixty VHD patients scheduled for valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery were divided into three groups of equal number:sinus rhythm (SR), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PaAF), and persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF).Another 10 pa-tients with congenital heart disease but no valve damage and atrial fibrillation were included in a control group .Baseline clinical data were recorded and tissues were obtained from the left atrial appendage during operation .The expressions of iNOS , HMGB1, and Syn-decan-4 in the left atrium were detected by Western blot , and the pathological changes of the left atrial tissue observed by HE staining . Results Western blot analysis was performed to detect expression levels of proteins .The iNOS level was significantly higher in pa-tients from the paroxysmal AF group (1.61 ±0.10) and persistent AF group (1.67 ±0.08) than those from sinus group (1.06 ± 0.11) and control group (1.02 ±0.12), as was the protein level of HMGB1 (0.63 ±0.05, 0.95 ±0.10, 0.45 ±0.07 and 0.46 ± 0.06 in paroxysmal AF group, persistent AF group, sinus group and controlgroup respectively ).Inflammatory cell infiltration in-creased, while syndecan 4 was down-regulated in AF groups.All these comparisons were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of Syndecan-4 and enhanced inflammatory response in the left atrial tissue indicate that the shedding of Synde-can-4 may play a role in the presence and development of inflamma-tion in the left atrium .

Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence and pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica infection in children with diarrhea under 5 years of age in western Yunnan, and to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea in children. Methods Feces were collected from under five-year-old children with diarrhea in the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from 2020 to 2021. Clinical information of the cases was also collected. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from the samples after cold enrichment on selective culture plates, and the pathogenic characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica were analyzed by biological type and serotype and virulence gene detection. Results A total of 397 feces were collected. Seven strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated in three samples, and the prevalence of Yersinia enterocolitica infection was 0.76% (3/397). Among the three positive samples, two Yersinia frederiksenii or Yersinia intermedia were isolated in specimen No. 212 , and five Yersinia enterocolitica were detected in specimens No. 24 and 226. Two Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from one sample were biological type 1A, and the virulence gene test results were ail-/ystA-/ ystB+ /yadA-/virF-, which were non-pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. Three Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from the other sample were biological type 3, serotype O∶3 (rfbc+), and virulence gene detection results were ail+/ystA+/ystB-/yadA+ /virF+, which were pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. While pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica was detected from feces of children with diarrhea at 11 months of age with a infection rate of 0.50%(2/397). Conclusion Sporadic infection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica was found in under five-year-old children in western Yunnan Province. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and research of Yersinia enterocolitica.

OBJECTIVETo understand the pollution rates of vibrio cholera (V. cholera) in different seafood, aquatic products and their circulatory processes, so as to help making measures for cholera control and prevention.

METHODSDifferent seafood, aquatic products and breed water specimen collected from 12 provinces of China were tested from July to September in 2005.

RESULTA total of 12 104 samples of seafood and aquatic products were tested and the average pollution rate of vibrio cholera was 0.52%. The positive isolate rate of turtle sample (1.72%) was the highest among all samples. The second higher isolated rate was 1.14% in water specimen of turtle breed pool. The positive rate of bullfrog was 0.50%. The percentage of toxin strains was 47.54% and 79.31% of them were isolated from turtle and water samples of turtle breed pool. The important sector of the pollution of vibrio cholera was in turtle breed pool (2.38%).

CONCLUSIONThe average pollution rate of vibrio cholera in seafood and aquatic products in 12 provinces of China was low. It should be very necessary to supervise the sanitation in turtle breed for controlling and preventing the vibrio cholera.

Animals ; China ; Female ; Fishes ; microbiology ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Seafood ; microbiology ; Seawater ; analysis ; Turtles ; microbiology ; Vibrio cholerae ; isolation & purification

During the morphogenesis of the hindlimb and the digits of the rat, apoptosis has a crucial role to make their normal shape. In this study, apoptotic changes of the hindlimb from GD 13.5 to GD 17.5 were observed and compared with 5 -FU treated group to reveal the mechanism of teratogenic action of 5 -FU. The results were as follows; 1. The mean body weight of rat fetuses was decreased significantly in the 5 -FU treated group. 2. Congenital anomalies of the hindlimb digits were cleft foot, syndactyly and short digits, and the occurance rate of congenital anomalies was 58.1%, in which right -sided anomalies was 49.1% and left -sided anomalies was 18.9%. 3. Normal morphogenesis of the hindlimb digits was as follows; initially, hindlimb bud appeared at the lateral wall of lumbar somite on GD 10.5, grown as an elliptical mass proximodistally on GD 13.5, flattening and digital rays formation on GD 14.5, interdigital notches appeared on GD 15.5, interdigital spaces formation and interphalageal joints formation on GD 16.5, and deepening of interdigital spaces and elongation of digits on GD 17.5. 4. 5 -FU inhibited differentiation and growth of hindlimb bud initially, but its effect on development of hindlimb was disappeared after GD 15.5. According to the above results, it is considered that 5 -FU has an inhibitory effect on differentiation and growth of hindlimb of rat fetuses, and the TUNEL immunohistochemical method is much available to detect normal morphogenesis of an organ and to detect the mechanism of action of various teratogens.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Body Weight ; Fetus ; Fluorouracil* ; Foot ; Hindlimb* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Joints ; Morphogenesis* ; Rats ; Somites ; Syndactyly ; Teratogens

OBJECTIVETo assess the effects of seawater immersion of open abdominal wound and drowning on plasma electrolyte levels in dogs.

METHODSTwenty-one dogs with open abdominal wounds were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely the control group (n=7), seawater immersion group (n=7) and seawater immersion and drowning group (n=7). The dogs in the control group were subjected to simple open abdominal wound, and those in the latter two groups were immersed into seawater after the abdominal injury. The changes in the plasma electrolytes and osmotic pressure were observed after the treatments. RESULTS AMD CONCLUSION: Seawater immersion of the open abdominal wound results in hypematremia, hyperkalemia and hypertonic dehydration, and the effect is proportional to the length of immersion time, but seawater airway perfusion does not cause obvious changes of the plasma electrolytes and osmotic pressure in dogs.

Abdominal Injuries ; blood ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Drowning ; Electrolytes ; blood ; Immersion ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Seawater