Axial symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as gait disturbance and postural instability, do not respond well to anti-Parkinson drugs or deep brain stimulation.It has been reported that spinal cord stimulation can improve these symptoms, but the effects are not consistent.This article reviews animal experiments and clinical trials on spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, in order to explore the mechanisms of action of spinal cord stimulation and give some suggestions for future research and clinical application.

This study was to assess diastolic filling dynamics of the left ventricle during progressive upright cycle exercise in young men. The results showed that the diastolic filling period shortened from 0.581?0.14s at rest to 0.129?0.04s at peak exercise; the peak transmitral flow velocities increased from 0.72?0.07m/s at rest to 1.60?0.10m/s at peak exercise and the mean transmitral flow velocities increased from 0.41?0 03m/s at rest to 0.96?0.13m/s at peak exercise; the peak and mean transmitral pressure gradients rose fivefold from rest to peak exercise; the mitral flow volume per beat rose by 38% at 100W workloads and then remained stable. Conclusions Increases in transmitral pressure gradients with exercise may serve principally to augment the velocity of ventricular filling with the progressively shortening diastolic time period.

Objective Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease barely reported in China. Methods Complete neuropsychological testing on memory, cognitive function and aphasia was carried out. The brain function and structure was also examined with MRI and PET imaging analysis. Results The characteristics of clinical manifestation, neuropsychological testing and brain imaging analysis were reported. Except anomic aphasia, no other abnormal neuropsychological testing as well as sign of the nervous system was found. However, a significant atrophy and decrease in glucose metabolism of the left temporal lobe was observed.Conclusion PPA is clinically characterized by progressive anomic aphasia without impairment of the cognitive function and other abnormal sign of central nervous system. Atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobe in the dominant hemisphere provides strong support for the diagnosis.

Ascomycota ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Female ; Humans ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity ; microbiology ; Sinusitis ; microbiology ; Young Adult

Mice were fed basic diet or basic diet plus vitamin E 50 mg or 500 mg per kg of diet for 4 weeks. The animals were killed at 6 or 14 days after one exposure to 400 rad X-ray whole body radiation and the number of lymphocytes of spleen and thymus and blastogenic responses of splenocytes were tested. The results showed; (1) the number of lymphocytes both in spleen and thymus were significantly decreased in mice fed basic diet in com-parision with that in mice fed with basic diet plus vitamin E (P

Objective:To research the value of diagnosis of traumatic rib fractures by multislice CT VRT and DR plain film. Methods: Seventy-two cases of traumatic rib fracture patients were diagnosed by DR film and multislice CT VRT. Results:Multiple rib fractures than single, most of them occurred in the 4-10 ribs and axillary segment, 97.2%of 16-slice spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction of patients with rib fracture diagnosis rate significantly higher than DR plain film diagnosis rate 80.3%(x2=19.15, P<0.01), DR plain film missed rib fractures are mainly located in the costal cartilage (58.1%), 16-slice spiral CT reconstruction is still found 19 other fractures and lung complications 16cases. Conclusion:16-slice CT the thin layer VRT diagnosis of rib fractures greatly improves the diagnostic accuracy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequeney ablation on tachyrhythmia and cardiac acute injure.Methods Endomyocardin was signified and ablated using routine methods,the effects of radiofrequency ablation on cardiac autonomic nerve function,cardiac systolic function,radiofrequency electric injury and changes of troponin,SOD and endothelin level in pre-operation and post-operation were evaluated to study RFCA procedure caused cardiac acute injury.Results Thirty-eight patients with tachyarrhythmia underwant RFCA.The successful rate was 100%,and none had serious complications.Postoperative LF and HF were reduced significantly as compared with preoperation,Atrium and ventricle premature beats had no significant difference before and after RFCA.Cardiac systolic function had no significant changes before and after procedure,but troponin,SOD and endothelin levels were significantly higher in postoperation than those of preoperation.Conclusions RFCA is a principal therapy of tachyarrhythmia because its excellent therapeutic effect,less side effect and eradication,RFCA has acute cardiac injury,but the injury is slight.

BACKGROUND: The research group for the physical quality of minorities has performed the computer measurement of craniofacial organs in 15 minorities of Yunnan province, including Dai nationality, Yi nationality,Lagu nationality, Lisu nationality, etc., but those of Bulang nationality have not been conducted.OBJECTIVE: To completely and systematically measure the 41 items and 17 indexes of the craniofacial organs of Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area.DESIGN: A cross-sectional study.SETTING: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: From May to October in 2002, 155 subjects of Bulang nationality, who were of pure blood lineage of Bulang nationality, and the three generations before whose parents were all Bulang nationality, were selected from the Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and they all participated in the study voluntarity, including 96 males and 59 females, and the forms and functions of their cranial and maxillofacial organs were all normal.METHODS: The subject was asked to sit up straightly, the skull was fixed with skull retention instrument, the Frankfurt horizontal plane should be parallel to the cross section, and the measurement points were marked with pen; The craniofacial images of the subject were recorded with camera at a distance of 5 m, and the images were input to the computer for later use. The self-designed video-computer measure system was adopted to measure craniofacial indexes. Judgement standards for the observed items:Besides the tab stops for distance between lip peaks, unilateral lip length,height of palpebral opening, breadth of nasal septum and nostril breadth by Xu et al, and those for frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle and nose angle by Ma et al, that for height of upper eyelid was self-designed, and the other items all referred to the requirements in Manual of Anthropometry[3] and Methods of Anthropometry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Forty-one measurement items:minimal malar breadth, bizygomatic breadth, interocular breadth, interpupillary distance, breadth of palpebral opening, breadth of mouth opening,distance between lip peaks, single lip length, height of palpebral opening,physiognomic frontal height, physiognomic facial height Ⅰ, physiognomic facial height Ⅱ, morphological facial height, physiognomic facial height Ⅲ,upper physiognomic facial height, nose height, lip height, whole upper lip height, whole lower lip height, height of 1/3 inferior face, chin height,height of upper eyelid, nose breadth, breadth of nasal septum, nostril breadth, breadth between two angles of jaw, external ear width, nose length, nose depth, physiognomic ear length, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nasolabial angle, nose angle, maximal head breadth, width between two traguses, maximal head length, auricular height, total head height, horizontal head circumference; ② 17 craniofacial indexes: head length breadth, head length height, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, upper physiognomic face,nose index, nose breadth depth, mouth index, physiognomic ear, frontal height, upper facial height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth,craniofacial height, craniofacial breadth.RESULTS: All the 151 subjects were involved in the analysis of results.① Measurement items of craniofacial organs: Only the values of physiognomic ear length and frontonasal angle were higher in females than in males, all the other items were higher in males than in females. The statistical analysis indicated that except the items of height of upper eyelid,breadth of nasal septum, physiognomic eat width, frontonasal angle, nose angle, width between two traguses, total head height and horizontal head circumference (P ＞ 0.05), the values of all the other items were significantly different between males and females. ② Indexes of craniofacial organs:Only the indexes of head length breadth, head breadth height, frontoparietal breadth, physiognomic face, morphological face, frontal height, width of malar lower jaw, malar frontal breadth, craniofacial height had no significant differences between males and females (P ＞ 0.05), and the others were significantly different between males and females.CONCLUSION: Most of the 41 measurement items of craniofacial organs were higher in males than in females among the Bulang minority in Bangbing countryside of Shuangjiang county in Lincang area, and most of the 17 indexes of craniofacial organs have no significant differences.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of the axillary conservative surgery by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) using preoperative lymphoscintigraph technique with 99mTc-SC and methylene blue in early-stage breast cancer patients. Methods The sentinel lymph node (SLN) of 187 patients were located with preoperative lymphoscintigraph technique with 99mTc-SC and labeled with methylene blue during the operations. The metastasis of SLN was detected using frozen section technique. There were 51 patients whose SLN were positive having been carried with modified radical mastectomy of breast cancer and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), 136 patients' SLN were negative,58 patients of those were carried with mammectomy or partial mastcctomy and ALND (group A),while 78 patients were carried out with mammectomy or partial mastectomy only (group B). The sentinel lymph nodes were detected with HE stain after surgery. All the patients were treated with chemotherapy,and the patients with partial mastcctomy must be treated with radiotherapy. There were 2 patients with micrometastasis in group B being treated with mammectomy or partial mastcctomy only,and carried out with ALND again. Results The number of cases with upper limb numbness, edema, dysfunction in group A were 36,8 and 45 cases, in group B were 2,0,0 case respectively. Group A compared with group B was increased significantly (P< 0.05). The number of local recurrence within 1, 3 and 5 years were 0,0,2 cases;lymphatic metastasis were 1,5,8 cases; the distant metastasis were 2,8,12 cases; the disease-free survival were 60,57,49 cases. In group B, the number of local recurrence within 1, 3 and 5 years were 0,0,6 cases, lymphatic metastasis were 3,8,12cases,the distant metastasis were 4,8,16 cases,the disease-free survival were 76,70,61 cases. There were not significant differences between the two groups(P> 0.05). Conclusion It is simple and accurate to carry out SLNB using preoperative lymphoscintigraph technique with 99mTc-SC combined with methylene blue,and the effect is reliable.

Objective To investigate the inhibitive effects of viral protein r (Vpr) of human immunodeficiency virus 1 ( HIV-1 ) on human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-8,and to find the possible mechanisms.Methods The HCT-8 cells were divided into the control group,adv group and adv-Vpr group.HCT-8 cells were not treated in the control group; HCT-8 cells were treated with Adv or Adv-Vpr at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) in the Adv group or Adv-Vpr group,respectively.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay.Cell cycle,apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of apoptosisrelated proteins was detected by Western blot.All data were analyzed by using the q test,t test and one-way or two-way analysis of variance.Results The proliferation of HCT-8 cells was significantly inhibited by Vpr.The MTT value of HCT- 8 cells in the Adv-Vpr group was 1.03 ± 0.04,which was significantly lower than 2.46 ± 0.15 in the Adv group and 2.51 ± 0.14 in the control group at 72 hours after Adv-Vpr transfection ( MOI =200) ( F =144.6,P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of HCT-8 cells in the G2/M phase was 37.31％ ± 5.90％ in the Adv-Vpr group,which was significantly higher than 18.30％ ± 6.04％ in the Adv group and 16.66％ ± 3.51％ in the control group ( F =10.08,P ＜ 0.05 ).The ratio of HCT-8 cells with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential was 32.07％ ±5.64％ in the Adv-Vpr group,which was significantly higher than 3.32％ ±0.79％ in the Adv group and 2.76％ ±1.43 ％ in the control group at 48 hours after Adv-Vpr transfection ( MOI =200) ( F =64.45,P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rate of HCT-8 cells was 37.62％ ±6.48％ in the Adv-Vpr group,which was significantly higher than 3.44％ ± 1.11％ in the Adv group and 2.93％ ± 1.07％ in the control group at 72 hours after Adv-Vpr transfection ( MOI =200) ( F =122.4,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of Western blot showed that Vpr induced cleavage and activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 and phosphorylation of Chk1-S345,while the expression levels of Fas,Fas-L,ERK1,ERK2 remained the same at 48 hours after Adv-Vpr treatment ( MOI =200).Conclusions Vpr inhibits the proliferation of the HCT-8 cells in vitro through G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.Vpr plays its role by activating DNA damaging pathway and initiating mitochondria apoptotic pathway.Vpr is a potential therapeutic agent for colorectal cancer.