Objective To investigate the changes of cognitive function after major non-cardiac surgery and the relationship between the postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD)and the intraoperative cerebral oxygen metabolism in the elderly.Methods Sixty-four patients(49 male,12 female)aged 65-85 yr undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study.A battery of four neuropsycbological tests was administered 2-3 days before and 7 days after surgery by an experienced psychometrician.A postoperative deficit in any test was defined as a cognitive decline by more than or equal to the preoperative standard deviation of that test in all patients.As long aft any patient showed cognitive decline in two or more tests.this situation was defined as POCD.Blood samples were taken from radial artery and internal jugIIlar vein simultaneously for blood gas analysis immediately (T1) and 2 h (T2) after induction of anesthesia,and just before leaving postanesthesia care unit (T3).The ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral oxygen metabolic rate(CBF.CMR02)was calculated.Results Sixty-one patients completed postoperative neuropsychological tests and 10 cases(16.4%)had POCD.Logistic regression analysis showed that the abnormality of CBF/CMR02 during operation was associated with the occurrence of POCD.Conclusion The occurrence of POCD after major non-cardiac surgery is related to the abnormality of cerebral oxygen metabolism during operation.

Objective To study the expression of clock genes in Parkinson's disease(PD) and also the molecular clock machinery of PD.Methods Seventeen PD patients(nine men,eight women)and sixteen agematched controls(nine men,seven women) were investigated in this study.Bload samples were collected over a 12h span at 21:00,00:00,06:00 and 09:00.Using a real-time PCR assay,the peripheral molecular clock was examined by measuring Bmall and Bmal2 expression in total leukocytes during the dark span(from 21:00 to 09:00)in PD patients and age-matched healthy controls.Results At PD,the relative abundance of Bmall was significantly lower at 21:00,00:00 and 06:00(21:00:(22.17±4.09)vs(51.14±8.31),P=0.003,00:00:(30.30±5.45)vs(100.00±24.71),P=0.008,06:00:(19.02±3.33)vs(65.61±14.11),P=0.002).The relative Bmal2 levels in PD patients were significantly less abundant than controls at 21:00 and 00:00(21:00:(48.09±7.40)vs(84.96±9.34),P=0.005;00:00:((65.85±7.88)vs(100.00±11.78),P=0.025).Conclusion These results suggest that a peripheral molecular clock is altered in PD patients.In addition,the relative abundance of Bmall and Bmal2 was significantly lower in PD patients versus control subjects,which can provide a molecular basis to help monitor disease progression and response to investigational drugs.

Objective: To investigate the cellular mechanism of renal proximal tubular epithelial cell(PTEC) injury induced by aristolochic acid Ⅰ (AA Ⅰ) and aristololactam Ⅰ (AL Ⅰ). Methods:Human PTEC cell line HK 2 was used as the subject. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by using FACS. Fibronectin (FN) and TGF ?1 levels were assayed in the supernatant from cultured HK 2 cells by ELISA. In the blocking study, anti TGF ?1 neutralizing antibody was used as an antagonist. The changes of FN level and apoptosis were compared. Results: After stimulation by 2.5 mg/L AA Ⅰ, HK 2 cells secreted TGF ?1 at hour 12 and FN at hour 36. HK 2 cell apoptosis was detected at hour 48. Anti TGF ?1 neutralizing antibody (5 mg/L) could suppress AA Ⅰ induced apoptosis by 63.7% ( P

Objective To study whether suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) slices are able to induce the molecular oscillations in NIH/3T3 fibroblast. Methods SCN slices from 10-day-old SD rat and NIH/3T3 cells were co-cultured in a serum-free condition. 24h mRNA profiles of Per1 and Rev-Erbα were measured in NIH/3T3 cells using real-time PCR. Results After co-cultured for 6 days, ten SCN slices can induce the significant daily oscillation of Per1 and Rev-Erba mRNA expression in NIH/3T3 cells (P<0.01). The peak time Rev-erbα and Per1 were at CT5 and CT11 respectively. Rev-Erbα oscillations were significant even with two SCN slices and 2 days co-culture (P<0.05). In contrast, Per1 expression fluctuation was not observed until more than 6 days of co-culture and with six SCN slices (P=0.031). Conclusion Diffusible signals release from SCN slices can regulate molecular rhythms in cultured fibroblasts. Rev-Erbα and Per1 don't start to oscillate at the same time, and Rev-Erbα is more sensitive to SCN signal.

BACKGROUND:Caspase plays a crucial role in the cellapoptosis, but the influence of different facial nerve injury on caspase 1, caspase 8, cyto-c protein expression and their correlation stil remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To construct facial nerve crush or distal transection injury models, observe the morphological changes of facial motoneurons, investigate death gene caspase 3, caspase 8, cyto-c expression, and analyze their correlation.
METHODS:Facial nerve crush or distal transection injury model was established in the right facial nerve of rats, while the left facial nerve served as normal controls. We observed the morphology and the death of facial motoneurons with toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscope. Expressions of caspase 3, caspase 8 and cyto-c proteins were studied by immunohistochemistry analysis fol owing facial nerve injury.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both facial nerve distal transection and crush injury resulted in the death of facial motoneurons, and the death pattern was mainly apoptosis. Caspase 3, caspase 8 and cyto-c protein expressions were observed in the subnucleus of normal rat facial nucleus. cells of the distal transection group were stained more intensely than that of crush group. Expressions of these proteins began to increase at 3 days after the injuries. Caspase 3 and caspase 8 protein expression peaked at 14 days, whereas cyto-c protein expression peaked at 7 days after the injuries. Expressions of caspase 3, caspase 8 and cyto-c proteins were correlated with facial nerve injury type and injury time. Expressions of caspase 8 and cyto-c protein were correlated with expression of caspase 3 protein. The findings indicate that, caspase 8 and cyto-c contribute to activate caspase 3, and caspase cascade reaction plays an important role in the apoptosis of facial motoneurons.

0.05).AA-I could induce the TGF-?1 secretion by HK-2 cells(18.26?5.98 ?g/L,vs.control,P

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Vehicle Emissions

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between polymorphism in the PITX3 gene and hereditary susceptibility of Parkinson's disease (PD). MethodsThree PITX3 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ),including rs2281983,rs4919621 and rs3758549 were examined in 509 late-onset PD patients ( LOPD ),290 early-onset PD(EOPD) and 494 healthy controls.Genotyping was carried out in all subjects using a ligase detection reaction( LDR).ResultsAllele and genotype frequencies did not differ between the 799 PD patients and 494 controls ( P values of genotype were 0.494,0.343,0.951 ; P values of allele were 0.369,0.297,0.823 ),between 509 LOPD patients and 494 controls ( P values of genotype were 0.522,0.350,0.630 ; P values of allele were 0.413,0.328,0.571 ),between 290 EOPD patients and 494 controls ( P values of genotype were 0.499,0.492,0.552; P values of allele were 0.321,0.301,0.931 ),and between 509 LOPD and 290 EOPD patients ( P values of genotype were 0.577,0.710,0.127 ; P values of allele were 0.346,0.472,0.077 ) for all three SNPs (rs2281983,rs4919621 and rs3758549).There were no association petween the three PITX3 SNPs and PD.ConclusionThree PITX3 SNPs do not contribute to the risk of developing PD in Chinese population.

Objective To explore the association between late-onset sporadic Parkinson' s disease (PD) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Ca2+-dependent protease calpain inhibitor calpastatin (CAST) gene in a Chinese Han population.Methods 370 evaluable patients (221 male,149 female) with PD (mean age 65.2 ± 8.5 years) and 390 neurologically healthy controls (208 male,182 female) matched for gender,ethnicity,and area of residence.PD cases were identified from the PD cohort of the Chinese National Consortium on Neurodegenerative Diseases (www.chinapd.cn).A total of 24 tag-SNPs were genotyped capturing 95％ of the genetic variation across the CAST gene.Results There was no association found between any of the polymorphisms and PD in all models tested (co-dominant,dominant-effect and recessive-effect (P ＞ 0.05)).Similarly,none of the common haplotypes was associated with a risk for PD(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Results show no significant association between the CAST gene polymorphisms and late onset sporadic PD in the present population.

ObjectiveTo discover potential serum biomarkers of osteosarcoma by an integrated analysis of datasets from gene chip and surface enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-off-light mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS).Methods Gene chip was used to screen potentialbiomarkers of osteosarcoma from osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63,Saos-2 and U-2OS),and SELDI-TOF-MS was used to screen protein peaks with statistically significant difference from serum samples (27 osteosarcoma cases and 47 healthy cases).The association between these two types of markers was constructed by link-test to get cross-validated serum biomarkers of osteosarcoma.Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect the expression of one candidate osteosarcoma protein maker in serums from osteosarcoma patients and members of the control group.ResultsSix hundred and fifty three candidate osteosarcoma gene markers were found by gene chip and 6 protein peaks were found by SELDI-TOF-MS.Thirteen differentially expressed serum markers of osteosarcoma including CYC-1 were screened by link-test analysis (12 of them were up-regulated in serum samples of the osteosarcoma patients while 1 was down-regulated ).By immunoblot,we found that CYC-1 protein was significantly up-regulated in serums from osteosarcoma patients compared to the control group.ConclusionAn integrated analysis of datasets from gene chip and SELDI-TOF-MS could accelerate the discovery,screening and identification of tumor biomarkers.A total of 13 potential serum protein markers of osteosarcoma were discovered in this study.