ObjectiveTo explore the relationships among psychological capital,social support and mental health of medical staffs.MethodsAccording to convenience sampling principle,101 medical staffs from one three-grade class A hospital in Hebei participated in the study.They were investigated with questionnaires such as Psychological Capital Questionnaire ( PCQ-24),Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90).Results①The scores of self-efficacy,hope,resilience and optimism were(3.73 ±0.58 ),(3.59 ±0.60),(3.81±0.49),(3.70 ± 0.32),all of which are higher than middle points.There were statistic difference in four subscales of psychological capital(P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with nurses,doctors scored higher in self-efficacy ( (3.92 ±0.66),(3.59 ±0.48) ).The difference was significant(P＜0.05).Among different educational background there were also statistic differences(P ＜ 0.05 ).②Psychological capital was negatively related to the whole factors of SCL-90(P＜0.0l,or P ＜ 0.05 ),however,social support was negatively related to only part of it(P ＜0.05 ).③Psychological capital could negatively predict mental health(P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThis research outlines a strong relationship between psychological capital and mental health of medical staffs.But social support has no a significant impact on mental health.

With this retrospective study, we analyzed the negotiation subject, drug type, drug access mechanism, negotiation link and negotiation result of drug negotiation in typical regions at home and abroad.In foreign countries, drug negotiation mechanism has been implemented for many years, and many countries have established a relatively perfect negotiation system.We selected 8 typical countries and regions for which we statistically analyzed the negotiation subject, drug type, drug access mechanism, negotiation link and negotiation result of drug negotiation and these include the United States, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, South Korea and Taiwan.However, in recent years some Chinese medical insurance department carried out pilot works on drug negotiations, and they got some successful results of the implementation of practical experience.Eight typical Chinese regions were also selected for statistical analysis, and these include Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Chengdu and Qingdao.From the analysis of the comparison of drug negotiation mechanism in domestic and foreign typical regional, we found that foreign regional drug negotiation mechanism is more mature and perfect, while in the domestic areas the mechanism is still poor at a certain extent as compared to foreign countries.We should learn from the successful experience of foreign countries and also establish and improve the negotiation mechanism that is suitable for China''s national conditions.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),Cystatin C(CysC),and retinol-binding protein(RBP)levels and the pathology and prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN).Methods A total of 102 patients with CGN diagnosed and treated between June 2020 and August 2022 were selected as study participants and assigned to the observation group,which was divided according to pathological types into the mesangial proliferative nephritis(MSPGN,n=35),mesangial capillary glomerulonephritis(MPGN,n=23),membranous nephropathy(MN,n=23),and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS,n=17)groups.Healthy subjects(n=51)were selected as the control group.Changes in serum VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels were compared,and the correlation between VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels and pathological scores was analyzed using the Pearson method.All patients were followed up for 12 months and divided according to prognoses into a progression group(n=28)and no progression/remission group(n=74).The effects of VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels on the prognosis of patients with CGN were analyzed using Cox multifactor risk regression.The area under the curve(AUC),sensitivity,and specificity of VEGF,CysC,RBP,and the combined prognoses of patients with CGN were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels were higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).The VEGF,and CysC,levels in the FSGS group were higher than those in the MSPGN,MPGN,and MN groups(P<0.05).The level of RBP in FSGS group was higher than that in MSPGN group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels were positively correlated with the pathological scores(P<0.05).The VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels were higher in the progression group than in the no progression/remission group(P<0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increased VEGF,CysC,and RBP levels were risk factors for the prognosis of patients with CGN(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC values predicted by VEGF,CysC,RBP,and the combination of the three were 0.828,0.844,0.760,and 0.940,respectively(P<0.05);sensitivity was 75.00%,71.40%,57.10%,and 89.30%,respectively,and specificity was 93.20%,93.20%,95.90%,and 89.20%,respectively.Conclusion Serum VEGF,CysC,and RBP are highly expressed in patients with CGN,and high pathological scores are associated with increased levels,thus also affecting patient prognosis.

Objective To investigate the current awareness of pharmaceutical service fees among pharmacists in hospitals of Shaanxi province to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making framework for establishing such fees in hospitals of various provinces and cities in the future.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 47 representative hospitals and 53 pharmacists within these hospitals in Shaanxi province.The results were analyzed using differential analysis.Results In most hospitals of Shaanxi province,pharmaceutical services are not provided or not charged for,indicating a lack of practical experience in the establishment of pharmaceutical service fees.Among hospitals that provide and charge for pharmaceutical services,there remains a need for uniformity in specific service content and fee standards,clear regulatory policy support,and a unified evaluation system.Significant differences exist among hospitals of different levels and types in terms of their capacity to provide pharmaceutical services and the forms in which they are offered.There is inconsistency among pharmacists within hospitals regarding crucial aspects of establishing pharmaceutical service fees,and further enhancement is needed in their awareness of relevant policies and the latest guidelines.Conclusions There is considerable room for improvement in establishing pharmaceutical service fees in hospitals of Shaanxi province.Stakeholders should promptly establish and standardize the fee establishment model,differentiate the fee standards for various services,enhance the publicity and dissemination of relevant document requirements to support the smooth implementation of pharmaceutical service fee policies.

Objective To investigate the medication and blood glucose control of type 2 diabetes patients under chronic diseases management in Xi'an chain pharmacies,and provides reference for improving the management policy of diabetes at grassroots level.Methods A number of chain pharmacies in the sixth district of Xi'an were selected by random sampling method,and on-site interviews were conducted by questionnaire survey to patients with type 2 diabetes under the management of chronic diseases.The basic information of patients,medication status(medication plan,drug adherence,etc.),diabetes-related conditions(blood glucose status,family history,course and complications,etc.)were collected.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relevant factors of blood glucose control in patients.Results A total of 403 patients were surveyed,the largest number of patients use oral hypoglycemic drugs alone(53.4％),followed by insulin medication(including insulin only and insulin in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs)(35.7％),and the differences between disease course and glycemic control among patients with different drug regimens were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Only 43.7％of patients had good medication compliance.In addition,the patient's fast plasma glucose compliance rate was only 39.2％.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that good medication compliance(OR=1.744,95％CI 1.104 to 2.754,P=0.017)were independent influencing factors for achieving glycemic control.Conclusion The medication compliance of type 2 diabetes patients with poor blood glucose control in chronic disease management of chain pharmacies in Xi'an needs to be strengthened.Pharmacies should emphasize and give full play to the professional and service advantages of pharmacists to realize the functional role of pharmacies and strengthen diabetes management.