OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of telbivudine monotherapy and telbivudine combination therapy with adefovir in patients with nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B, high-level hepatitis B virus (HBV) load and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positivity, and to explore the relationship between treatment regimen adherence and treatment outcomes.

METODSA retrospective study was performed with 123 HBeAg-positive, high-level viral load (HBV DNA≥10(7) copies/ml), nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. Fifty-three of the patients received combination therapy with telbivudine and adefovir dipivoxil,while 70 patients received the telbivudine monotherapy. All patients were tested for rates of conversion to HBV DNA-negative status,alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization, HBeAg seroconversion, drug resistance, and side effects at treatment weeks 12, 24, and 48. Treatment regimen adherence was assessed through self-reporting, and interviews were used to explore the relationships to treatment outcomes. The chisquare test, t test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTSThe rates of HBV DNA negative conversion in the combination group at treatment weeks 12, 24 and 48 were 62.3% (33/53), 88.7% (47/53) and 94.3% (50/53) and were significantly different from those in the monotherapy group at weeks 12 and 24.The rates of ALT normalization were significantly different between the two groups at treatment week 12 (94.3% vs. 77.1%). The rate of HBeAg seroconversion in the combination group at treatment week 48 was 39.6%, and significantly different than that of the monotherapy group. The rates of drug-resistance in the combination and monotherapy groups at treatment week 48 were 3.8% and 11.4%, and the proportion of non-adherence to the treatment regimen was 53.3%, which significantly affected treatment outcome. No side effects occurred in either treatment group.

CONCLUSIONTelbivudine combination treatment with adefovir was more effective than telbivudine monotherapy and elicited a low drug resistance rate in nucleos(t)idenaive chronic hepatitis B patients with high-level HBV load and HBeAg-positivity. Adherence to the therapy regimen was a key factor influencing treatment outcomes.

Adenine ; analogs & derivatives ; Alanine Transaminase ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Organophosphonates ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymidine ; analogs & derivatives ; Treatment Outcome ; Viral Load

Objective To investigate the efficacy of switching to co-formulated elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (E/c/F/TAF) combined with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) in the treatment of previously untreated chronic hepatitis C patients with HIV/HCV co-infection and the changes in blood lipid levels. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted among 10 previously untreated chronic hepatitis C patients with HIV/HCV co-infection who attended Department of Infectious Diseases in Tangdu Hospital from July 2019 to May 2021 and achieved continuous HIV suppression after antiretroviral treatment (ART). As for anti-HIV therapy, the ART regimen was switched to the E/c/F/TAF regimen for 32 weeks, and for anti-HCV therapy, the SOF/VEL regimen was started since week 4 after switching and lasted for 12 weeks. Related indices were monitored before and after switching to E/c/F/TAF for anti-HCV therapy and SOF/VEL for anti-HCV therapy, including body weight, body mass index, HCV genotype, alpha-fetoprotein, liver stiffness measurement, CD4 + T cell count, CD4 + T/CD8 + T ratio, hepatic and renal function parameters, blood lipids, HIV RNA, HCV RNA, SVR12, SVR24, and adverse reactions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and a Spearman correlation analysis was performed. Results After 4 weeks of treatment with E/c/F/TAF, 10 patients (HCV genotypes 2a and 1b) had HIV RNA below the lower limit of detection (20 IU/ml) and a significant reduction in albumin ( Z =-2.801, P =0.003 7), with the other indices remaining stable, and the patients reported significant improvements in the adverse events of anti-HIV therapy with the former ART regimen. After 4 weeks of E/c/F/TAF combined with SOF/VEL, the patients had HCV RNA below the lower limit of detection (15 IU/ml), and both SVR12 and SVR24 reached 100%; after 12 weeks of anti-HCV therapy, there were significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase ( Z =-2.732, P =0.004 8) and aspartate aminotransferase ( Z =-2.501, P =0.010 7) and significant increases in total cholesterol (TC) ( Z =-2.797, P =0.003 9) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( Z =-2.343, P =0.018 5), with a significantly positive correlation between them ( r =0.87, P < 0.001), and all the other indices were normal. Conclusion For previously untreated chronic hepatitis C patients with HIV/HCV co-infection, switching to E/c/F/TAF combined with SOF/VEL has good efficacy, tolerability, and safety, and the combination of the two regimens can avoid drug interaction, achieve a high HCV cure rate, and maintain HIV suppression. Transient increases in TC and LDL-C are observed during combination treatment, which suggests dyslipidemia caused by HCV infection and the pharmacological action of this regimen.