Objective To establish the GC fingerprint analysis for the quality control of volatile oil in Radix Bupleuri. Methods The GC with capillary column DB-1 (30 m?0.25 mm?0.25 ?m) was used. The column was maintained at 50 ℃ for 5 min after injection then programmed at 3 ℃/min to 170 ℃ and at 5 ℃/min to 230 ℃ which was maintained for 5 min. Gasification temperature: 250 ℃, carrier gas: N_2, flow rate: 1.03 mL/min, inlet volumn: 0.5 ?L, spliting ratio: 10∶1, FID Injector temperature: 250 ℃. The internal standard was [WTBX]n-nonane used to determine 25 batches of Radix Bupleuri from different habitats by GC fingerprint. Results The 25 batches of Radix Bupleuri are classified to be the qualified and unqualified based on the results of cluster and similarity analyses. Conclusion The method is simple and reliable and it is capable of effectively controlling the quality of Radix Bupleuri.

Objective To investigate the application of hepatitis C virus RNA and antibody detection method in population screening.Methods The colloidal gold rapid test method and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)were adopted to detect hepatitis C virus (HCV)antibodies,and the real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR)was adopted to detect HCV-RNA viral load.Results (1)Among 539 samples,266 cases were antibody negative and 263 cases were antibody positive.(2)Among 67 cases in the HCV-RNA viral load <103 IU/mL group,60 cases were HCV antibody positive by ELISA and 30 cases were HCV antibody positive by colloidal gold rapid test.Among 208 cases in the HCV-RNA viral load ≥ 103 IU/mL,199 cases were antibody positive by ELISA,but only 181cases were antibody positive by the colloidal gold rapid method.Other 6 cases of were 2 kinds of antibody negative had the HCV-RNA viral load ≥ 103 IU/mL.(3)208 cases of HCV-RNA viral load ≥ 103 IU/mL sample were divided in-to four groups.GGT,ALT and AST were statistically significantly different P <0.05),while ALB and S/CO values hadno statisti-cal difference (P >0.05).Conclusion In order to reduce the missed diagnosis rate and diagnose hepatitis C as early as possible,the above laboratory detection methods should be jointly applied and the comprehensive analysis should be conducted in population screening.

Objective To study the inter-rater reliability of Wisconsin Gait Scale (WGS) and Gait Abnormality Rating Scale (GARS) in patients with stroke. Methods 20 hemiplegic patients were required to walk on their comfortable speed and videotaped from frontal, backward and lateral. The video recordings were scored with WGS and GARS by 2 experienced physical therapists. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for the scores in each category and the total score. Results ICC for the WGS were 0.372~1, and were 0~0.875 for the GARS. Conclusion WGS is more appropriater to assess the gait of hemiplegic stroke patients than GARS.

An HPLC method for the determination of 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma was established, which was used subsequently to determine the pharmacokinetic profiles of both epimers of glycyrrhetinic acid in rats. alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid, beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, and a mixture of alpha-glycyrrhetinic and beta-glycyrrhetinic acids were administered to rats via gastric infusion. Blood samples were collected at different time intervals and extracted by liquid-liquid extraction. Separation was achieved by using a Kromasil C18 column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile--4 mmol x L(-1) ammonium acetate solution (46 : 54, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 250 nm. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the software DAS 2.0. In a combined administration, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid are significantly different from that of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was obtained when administrated individually. Compared to the single administration, significant differences (P < 0.05) on the values of AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-infinity) of beta-glycyrrhetinic acid were observed when this chemical was administrated together with alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid. In contrast, the pharmacokinetic parameters of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid were not affected even under the co-administration. Here, a sensitive, specific, rapid and reproducible HPLC method was developed for the pharmacokinetic studies of alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid and beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma.

Objective To investigate the effect of the courses of image diagnostics on clinical pro-bation period via the combination of PBL and multimedia network teaching model. Methods 126 under-graduates from the department of medical image (Grade 2011 and 2012) were selected as teaching subjects, and PBL combined with multimedia network teaching was adopted in the teaching of the course of medical imaging diagnosis. After class we implemented a questionnaire survey, and let the students write learning experience. Statistical analysis was conducted by using SSPS 13.0 to reflect the teaching participation in the students' questionnaire and a. summary analysis of the learning experience of the students was also made. Results 123 valid questionnaires were collected. 94.31%(116 people) of students were active participants in these courses, 90.25%(111 people) of the students thought they could actively communicate in teaching, and 43% (110 people) of the students thought they got fully prepared before class. 123 articles in accor-dance with the requirements of experience were received; most students took positive attitude to the active influence the teaching methods had brought; some student pointed out that the teaching method had the disadvantages such as too much time to prepare, too much information, and so on. Conclusions The com-bination of PBL and multimedia network teaching has preliminary results. It is a novel model that is available for teaching image diagnostics on clinical probation period.

Objective To explore the effect of Tuina combined with Traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) on nonspecific chronic neck pain (NCNP). Methods 80 eligible patients were recruited in our hospital from October, 2014 to October, 2015. They were randomized to observation group (n=40) and control group (n=40). The observation group received Tuina combined with TCE, and the control group re-ceived intermittent cervical traction, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. They were assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) before, immediately after intervention, and at 1 month follow-up. Results 77 patients completed the treatment and follow-up. The scores of VAS and NDI significantly decreased after a 2-week intervention (t>9.330, P<0.001) in both groups. The VAS score were sig-nificantly lower in the observation group than in the control group immediately after intervention and at 1-month follow-up (F>8.338, P<0.01). The NDI score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group at 1-month follow-up (F=9.053, P=0.004). Conclusion Tuina combined with TCE could relieve pain and improve cervical function in patients with NCNP, which was superior to inter-mittent cervical traction.

This study is undertaken to modify the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and investigate the conjugation between WGA-CS-NPs and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). CS-NPs were prepared by ionotropic gelation process and then conjugated with WGA under the activation of glutaricdialdehyde. The mean diameter of the CS-NPs was approximately 113.5 nm and the poly-dispersity index (PDI) was 0.18. The binding yield of WGA to CS-NPs was comprised between 27.8% and 87.9% depending mostly on the addition of 0.3% (w/v) glutaraldehyde solution. A competitive inhibition experiment of WGA-CS-NPs to bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) was taken to illuminate the binding activity of WGA-CS-NPs to the sugar of N-acetylglucosamine. After the addition of NAG, the binding rates between CS-NPs and BSM almost didn't change, while the binding rates between WGA-CS-NPs and BSM dropped down significantly, which confirmed the specific binding characteristics of WGA to NAG.
Acetylglucosamine ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Mucins ; metabolism ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Protein Binding ; Wheat Germ Agglutinins ; chemistry ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEThe study was to describe the breastfeeding status of children under the age of three in counties of western China and to provide evidence to the government for decision-making on intervention.

METHODSA cross-sectional study with probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling method was used. The information on breastfeeding was obtained through memory of the mothers. Fourteen thousand and seventy-seven children were studied. Data on breastfed status in counties of western China was compared with those of the children from the survey of the counties of western China in 2001.

RESULTSThe breastfeeding rate of children under 3 years old in western China was 96.5%. However, the overall breastfed rate of children under 6 months were only 33.4%, with rates of 11.4% and 22.0% on exclusively and predominantly breastfed groups respectively. Timely first-suckling rate was 43.5% with the continued breastfeeding rate (1 year) as 64.9%, but the continued breastfeeding rate (2 year) was only 9.7%. Reasons causing mothers to wean would include according to her own intention and to be able to attend the physical labor while exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months was for the growth and development of children, which might reduce the two-week prevalence of diarrhea. Major risks of exclusive breastfeeding of children under 6 months were seen as: level of education of the mothers, economic depression of the counties and mother's nationality (if as minority).

CONCLUSIONMost of the children were ever or being breastfed at the time of interview with timely first-suckling took place earlier than in 2001. However continued breastfeeding did not last long. During these five years, the exclusive breastfeeding rate had been at low level, especially at the economic depression and the minority area.

Breast Feeding ; epidemiology ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Weaning

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and the strategy for the diagnosis and treat- ment of bilateral testicular tumor.Methods The clinical data (including the signs and symptoms,imaging studies,tumor markers,treatment modalities and histopatbologic diagnoses) of 10 cases of bilateral testicular tumor from January 1980 to December 2004 were reviewed.Their age ranged from 19 to 58 years(mean,34 years).Of the 10 cases,8 with metachronous and 2 with synchronous testicular tumors were identified.The clinical stages at the primary and secondary tumor diagnosis were:5 cases of stageⅠ,3 of stageⅡ;and 6 cases of stageⅠ,1 of stageⅡ,and 1 of stageⅢ,respectively,in 8 metachronous tumor patients.Two syn- chronous tumor patients were both identified as stageⅠdisease.Histological examination showed the primary tumor (seminoma) in 4 cases and the secondary contralateral tumor (seminoma) in 3.Results Two syn- chronous tumor patients underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy simultaneously,and 8 underwent orchiectomy successively.Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed in 3 cases.Postoperatively,hypogonadism occurred in 10 patients,and 7 of them received androgen replacement therapy.Follow-up ranged from 9 month to 23 years with a mean of 10.5 years.Two patients died of the disease;2 had metastasis (1 of them was alive with metastasis);2 had recurrences and underwent local resection.Conclusions Metachronous bilateral testicular cancers are more common than synchronous bilateral testicular cancers.Seminoma was the most common histopathologic type.Testis-sparing surgery can be performed in selected cases.

Objective To assess the expression level of targeting drug-based molecular biomarkers in ovarian clear cell carcinoma(OCCC)tissues and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 63 OCCC patients included 40 primary OCCC and 23 recurrent OCCC for secondary cytoreductive surgery(SCS),who had received primary surgeries at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center between January, 2008 and December, 2015 were enrolled, and immunohistochemistry SP method was used to test human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), aurora kinase A (AURKA), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), BRCA2 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression in paraffin-embedded tissues. Results The positive rates of EGFR, HER2, AURKA, BRCA1,BRCA2 and PD-L1 in primary and recurrent tumor tissues were respectively 20%(8/40)vs 30%(7/23),22%(9/40)vs 35%(8/23),38%(15/40)vs 35%(8/23),42%(17/40)vs 39%(9/23),20%(8/40)vs 22%(5/23), 25%(10/40)vs 17%(4/23), and there were no significant differences between primary and recurrent OCCC (all P>0.05). χ2-test or Fisher exact analysis revealed that HER2 expression in recurrent tumor tissues had a relationship with chemoresistance (P<0.05), while the expression of other biomarkers showed no significant relationship with chemoresistance (all P>0.05). Further, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with HER2 and AURKA-positive expression had a significantly shorter progression-free survival time in primary OCCC(4 months vs 10 months,log-rank test,P<0.05 for HER2;and 4 months vs 10 months,P<0.05 for AURKA);and a shorter overall survival time after SCS in recurrent OCCC (10 months vs 44 months, P<0.05 for HER2;and 13 months vs 43 months, P<0.05 for AURKA). However,multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated that none of these 6 biomarkers was independent risk factor of progression-free survival time of primary OCCC or overall survival time after SCS for recurrent OCCC (P>0.05). Conclusion HER2 and AURKA could serve as prognostic factors in ovarian clear cell carcinoma.