China ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Taiwan

OBJECTIVETo explore miRNA expression change of differentiation of mice marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes, which lay the foundation for further studies on molecular mechanism of miRNA regulating the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes.

METHODSC57BL/6 mice MSCs were isolated, cultured through the whole bone marrow method, amplified by the differential adherent method. Cell growth was observed by morphology and the expression of superficial antigen CD29, CD44, CD34 were detected through immunohistochemistry. MSCs was induced to differentiation into adipocytes with adipocyte differentiation medium, and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs was analyzed by oil Red O staining. MicroRNA microarray was used to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in MSCs and adipocytes.

RESULTS(1) The fifth passage of MSCs had high purity under an inverted m icroscope. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that CD29, CD44 were positive and CD34 was negative in more than 90% MSCs. There were a large number of lipid droplets in cytoplasm after MSCs were induced with adipocyte differentiation medium, Oil O staining was positive. (2) The microarray experiment showed that 75 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in adipocytes compared with MSCs, 20 up-regulated and 55 down-regulated miRNAs were observed among them.

CONCLUSIONThere was a expression change of miRNA of differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes, some miRNAs might play important roles in MSCs adipogenic differentiation.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; physiology

Non-progressive congenital myopathy is a group of muscle diseases occurring at birth or during teenage years. A number of new reports of congenital myopathy, such as homogeneous bodies myopathy, muscle quality control myopathy and type 1 fiber predominance have recently been reported, but they lack of sufficient quantity and constant clinico-pathologic manifestations. This paper reports two cases of congenital myopathy with type 1 fiber predominance confirmed by muscle biopsy. The clinical manifestations of the two children (a 4.5-year-old girl and an 11-year-old boy) included non-progressive symptoms of muscle weakness, skeletal deformities and other clinical features of congenital myopathy. The physical examinations showed a long face or figure and funnel chest or kyphosis/scoliosis, high palatal arch and wing-like shoulder. Serum levels of creatine kinase were normal but slightly elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were noted in the two children. The skeletal muscle biopsy by ATPase staining showed that type 1 fibers accounted for more than 90% of the total number of muscle fibers. No other abnormal pathological changes, such as central cores, muscle tube and central nuclei, were found in the two children.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; pathology ; Myopathies, Structural, Congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy

This article reports two cases of childhood-onset nemaline myopathy diagnosed by muscle pathology and genetic diagnosis. The two patients had onset in early childhood, with muscle weakness as the first manifestation, as well as long disease duration and slow progression. Gomori staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed red-stained rods in the sarcoplasmic cytoplasm and sarcolemma under a light microscope. Electron microscopy showed that the dense nemaline rods were located under the muscle fiber sarcolemma and parallel to the long axis of the muscle fibers, and some muscle fiber myofilaments were dissolved and necrotic. Gene testing found that one of the two patients had heterozygous mutation (c.1013A>C) in the ACTA1 gene, and the other had compound heterozygous mutation (c.18676C>T and c.9812C>A) in the NEB gene. The two mutations were more common in nemaline myopathy. Nemaline myopathy is a recessive or dominant inheritance myopathy, in which the nemaline rod in the cytoplasm of myocytes is a characteristic muscle pathological change. Pathological and genetic diagnosis is the gold standard for diagnosis of nemaline myopathy.

Alzheimer's disease（AD） is an incipient aging neurodegenerative disease， which increases rapidly along with the development trend of social aging and seriously threatens the health of the people. In the absence of effective preventive measures， it will have an enormous impact on the socio-economic and healthcare system. The study found that abnormal cell signal transduction is a key link in many diseases. Cell signal transduction theory has been widely used to clarify the essence of traditional Chinese medicine visceral image and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. 'Correlation of Liver and Kidney' is one of the core plates of the theory of 'Correlation of Five Organs'， which is suitable for explaining the pathogenesis of complex diseases and the correlation of multiple syndromes， and guiding the prescription of clinical syndrome. Hei Xiaoyaosan， as the first choice compound for the prevention and treatment of AD based on the theory of "Correlation of Liver and Kidney' in our team， can play the effects of prevention and treatment by soothing liver and nourishing blood， strengthening spleen and tonifying kidney， and promoting brain collaterals and dredging viscerab spirit. Based on the theory of 'Correlation of Liver and Kidney'， this paper expounds the pathogenesis of AD from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine， and puts forward the methods and ideas of the preventing and treating of AD from Ca²⁺-calcium/calmodulin dependent protein （CaM）/calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡ（CaMKⅡ）-cyclic adenosine phosphate reactive element binding protein （CREB） cell signal transduction pathway by consulting literatures and previous studies.