OBJECTIVE: To study the impurity of pentoxifylline and glucose injection and confirm its structure and source. METHODS: LC-MS was used to speculate the structure of the impurity. The impurity was synthesized by using theobromine and 1, 3-di-bromopropane as the starting materials and the structure was identified by IR, LC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. RESULTS: The impurity was identified to be 1, 1′-(propane-1, 3-diyl)bis(3, 7-dimethyl-3, 7-dihydro-1H-purine-2, 6-dione). CONCLUSION: The study provides theoretical basis for the control of impurity in the production process and quality assessment of pentoxifylline and glucose injection.

Objective To find biological markers to predict the mathematical cognitive ability in order to set patients free from the pain and time-consuming behavioral tests. Methods 86 patients with stroke or brain traumatic injuries were recruited and acquired T1 and rest-ing-state functional MRI imaging data. And a mathematical task (7 calculation items, 2 counting items) and a word-reading task (140 items) was also finished. The partial correlative analysis was made between the score of mathematical task and the amplitude of low frequency fluc-tuation of each voxel of the whole brain with the word-reading performance as controlling task, and AlphaSim correction method was used with corrected P<0.05 (single voxel level:P<0.05;cluster size:>110 voxels). Results There were 5 cerebral regions whose amplitude of low frequency fluctuation significantly correlated with mathematical performance:left inferior parietal lobule (161 voxels, rpeak=0.34), left precu-neus/superior parietal lobule (141 voxels, rpeak=0.31), left middle temporal gyrus (359 voxels, rpeak=0.34), left middle frontal gyrus (491 vox-els, rpeak=0.36), and right middle frontal gyrus (156 voxels, rpeak=0.32). Conclusion The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation of left inferior parietal lobule, precuneus/superior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus could be used as predictors of mathematical cognitive ability for brain-damaged patients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate preliminarily the efficacy on functional constipation treated with electroacupuncture of different acupoint prescriptions.

METHODSOne hundred and four patients were randomized into a front-mu and back-shu points group (19 cases), a he-sea points group (34 cases), a he-sea, front-mu and back-shu points group (26 cases) and a western medication control group (25 cases). In the front-mu and back-shu points group, electroacupuncture was applied at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Dachangshu (BL 25). In the he-sea points group, electroacupuncture was applied at bilateral Quchi (LI 11) and Shangjuxu (ST 37). In the he-sea, front-mu and back-shu points group, electroacupuncture was applied at unilateral Tianshu (ST 25), Dachangshu (BL 25), Quchi (LI 11) and Shangjuxu (ST 37). In the three groups above, the treatment was given 5 times a week in the first two weeks and 3 times a week in the next two weeks. In the western medication control group, mosapride citrate tablets were prescribed for oral administration, 1 table (5 mg) each time, 3 times a day, continuously for 4 weeks. The period of research was 9 weeks, including 1 week for baseline evaluation, 4 weeks for treatment and 4 weeks for follow-up. The weekly defecation frequency was taken as primary index, while the defecation difficulty and life quality score were taken as the secondary indices for the efficacy evaluation after treatment and in follow-up.

RESULTSAccording to the intention-to-treat (ITT) analytic principle, 104 cases were all enrolled in the final analysis. (1) After treatment, the weekly frequency of defecation was all increased significantly in the four groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The efficacy of the three electroacupuncture groups was similar to that of western medication control group (P > 0.05). In follow-up, the increasing effect on the weekly frequency of defecation was maintained in the he-sea points group (P < 0.01), superior to the front-mu and back-shu points group and the western medication control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the weekly frequency of defecation was not improved in the rest three groups (P > 0.05). (2) After treatment, defecation difficulty was relieved in the he-sea points group, the he-sea, front-mu and back-shu points group and the western medication control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). In follow-up, the improvements were still significant in the he-sea points group and the he-sea, front-mu and back-shu points group (both P < 0.01). (3) After treatment, the life quality score was significantly improved in the patients of the he-sea points group (P < 0.05). The difference was not significant in the rest three groups as compared with that before treatment (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe weekly frequency of defecation is increased effectively after treatment in the three electroacupuncture groups and the efficacy is similar to mosapride citrate tablets. The bilateral Quchi (LI 11) and Shangjuxu (ST 37) in he-sea acupoints increase significantly the weekly frequency of defecation, relieve defecation difficulty and improve life quality. Acupuncture efficacy is sustained for 4 weeks. This acupoints prescription is the best in the treatment of functional constipation.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Constipation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Defecation ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEGas chromatography (GC) was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition of 141 Acinetobacter baumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria.

METHODSWhole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System (MIS) analysis.

RESULTSAll A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18:1 ω9c, 16:0, Sum In Feature 3, 12:0, 17:1ω8c, 3-OH-12:0, 17:0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12:0, and 18:0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus 16:0/18:1 ω9c and Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus unknown 12.484/18:1 ω9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16:0 versus 17:0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12:0 versus 17:0 fatty acids.

CONCLUSIONThe ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. calcoaceticus.

Acinetobacter baumannii ; classification ; cytology ; metabolism ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ; classification ; cytology ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Glomerular hyperfiltrationis central in earlystage of DN and leads to the progression of renal architectonic and functional abnormalities. Salvi?anolic acid A (SalA) has been proved to protect diabetic complications such as hepatic fibrosis and neuropathy. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of SalAon glomerular endothelial dysfunctionand diabetic nephropathy. METHODS Primary glomerular endothelial cells were subjected to assess permeability under injury of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs-induced changes of RhoA/ROCK pathway and cytoskeleton rearrangement were assessed bywestern blotandimmunoflu?orescence. The beneficial effects of SalA on diabetic nephropathy were investigated in a rat model induced by high-fat and high-glucose diet combined with low dose of streptozocin (35 mg·kg- 1, ip). Renal function and architectonic changes were evaluated by biochemical assay and PAS staining. RESULTS SalA 3μMameliorated AGEs- induced glomerular endothelial permeability (P<0.05) and suppressed rearrangement of cytoskeleton through inhibiting AGE-RAGE-RhoA/ROCK pathway. SalA 1 mg · kg- 1 markedly reduced endothelium loss (P<0.01) and glomerular hyperfiltration (P<0.05) in diabetic kidney. Subsequently,SalA 1 mg·kg-1 suppressed glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial matrix expansion, eventually reduced 24 h-urinary albumin and ameliorated renal function by decreasing blood urine nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr) and serum n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG). AGEs-RAGE-Nox4-induced oxidative stress was suppressed by the treatment of SalA 1 mg·kg-1. CONCLUSION SalA ameliorated AGEs-induced glomerular endothelial hyperpermeability, and effec?tively protected against early-stage diabetic nephropathy by reducing hyperfiltration and alleviating renal structural deterioration through inhibiting AGEs and its downstream pathway. Thus, SalA might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the anticipated health education plan in patients with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc.Methods The anticipated health education plan was established.The patients with window treatment of lumbar disc herniation or lumbar disc herniation and a half laminectomy discectomy were randomly divided into two groups, patients in treatment group were treated with the anticipated health education plan and patients in control group were treated with the conventional health education.The standard-reaching rate of health education and the satisfaction of the patients were investigated at the day before their discharge.And the results were proposed as the evaluation index for estimate of education effect.To compare the health-related quality of life, the SF-36 was completed by the patients before and after surgery at least 6 months.Results In the observed group,the standard-reaching rate of health education was 100.00%,the control group was 74.19%, there were significant differences between the two groups (x2 = 7.032, P ＜0.01); the patient' s satisfaction was 100.00% in the observed group,80.65% in the control group,there were significant differences between the two groups (x2 = 4.613, P ＜ 0.05).The scores of SF-36 were no significant difference between the two groups before surgery (P ＞ 0.05); The total effective rate of observed group was significantly higher than that on control groups with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The anticipated health education plan can satisfy the patients, continually improve nursing quality and the life quality of the patients obviously, which is worthy of clinic application.

This study explored the antibiotic resistance and resistance gene carriage of 140 Salmonella strains isolated from environmental sewage in Guangzhou city between March 1,2022,and November 30,2022.The micro broth dilution method was used to select 17 antibiotics for susceptibility testing.According to whole genome sequencing results,the CARD resistance database was used to obtain corresponding resistance genes.High antimicrobial resistance rates above 80％were observed a-gainst ampicillin,tetracycline,streptomycin,chloramphenicol,and cotrimoxazole.The intermediation rate of polymyxin E and ciprofloxacin exceeded 60％.The multiple drug resistance status was severe,and the rate of multiple drug resistance was as high as 92.86％.The strains carried multiple types of resistance genes,particularly for aminoglycosides,with a carriage rate as high as 92.68％.The resistance of Salmonella in environmental wastewater in Guangzhou to one or more drugs was severe,and the overall multi-drug resistance rate gradually increased over time.The resistance spectrum was diverse,and the resistance mechanism,mediated by mobile genetic elements such as re-sistance genes,was found to be the main cause of resistance to one or more drugs.

Objective To explore the relationship between different types of female reproductive system dysplasia and age of visit, clinical manifestations, common types of combined malformations and endometriosis. Methods The patient′s medical records in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2002 to June 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 924 cases of genital tract dysplasia, uterine dysplasia (65.3%, 824/1 261) was the most common, followed by vaginal dysplasia (28.3%, 357/1 261), hymen atresia and urogenital fistula (3.7%, 47/1 261), and cervical dysplasia (2.6%, 33/1 261). (1) The youngest age was in patients with hymen atresia and urogenital fistula, with a median of 14.5 years old, while the older age were in patients with uterine, vaginal and cervical dysplasia, with median age of 25.0, 24.0 and 23.0 years old, respectively. (2) The clinical manifestations were lack of specificity, mainly abnormal findings of physical examination or accessory examination, primary amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, infertility, adverse pregnancy history. (3) About other systemic malformations, urological malformations were the most common (4.8%, 44/924), followed by spinal malformations (0.5%, 5/924), inguinal hernia (0.4%, 4/924), heart malformations (0.2%, 2/924), cleft lip and palate (0.2%, 2/924). Oblique vaginal septal syndrome and MRKH syndrome were the most likely to be associated with other system malformations. (4) About combination with endometriosis, there was no significant difference between obstructive genital tract malformations (2.3%, 9/385) and non obstructive genital tract malformations (1.7%, 9/539; P=0.469). Conclusions Female reproductive system dysplasia is the most common in uterine dysplasia, followed by vaginal dysplasia, hymen atresia and urogenital fistula, and cervical dysplasia. The age of visit is generally older, often found by abnormal findings of physical examination or accessory examination, primary amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain, infertility, adverse pregnancy history;and could be combined with a variety of other system malformations, most seen by urinary system malformations,there is also the risk of endometriosis.

Objective To indentify differentially expressed genes in recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma(rNPC) by DNA microarrays,and analyze chromosomal lecalizations and molecular function by bioinformatics. Methods The primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (pNPC) tissue samples and rNPC tissue samples were selected, and Affymetrix Gene1.0 ST gene chips were used to indentify differential expressed genes in rNPC, and the bioinformatics was used to analyze their chromosomal localizations as well as molecular functions. Results A total of 44 genes were identified to be differential expressed in rNPC.Thirty-six genes were down regulated, 8 genes were up regulated. Functional classification of down-regulation genes showed that most genes (10 genes,27.8%) belonged to the enzyme activity genes, followed by calcium ion binding genes (7 genes, 19.4% ), protein binding genes (5 genes, 13.9% ), receptor activity genes (4 genes, 11.1% ), ATP binding genes (2 genes, 5.6%), transcription factor genes(2 genes,5.6%), extracellular matrix binding and growth factor binding have 1 gene respectively (each accounted for 2.8%). In addition, the functions of 4 genes (11.1%) were unknown.Functional classification of up-regulation genes showed most genes (3 genes, 37.5%) were unknown, followed enzyme activity genes (2 genes, 25.0%) ,receptor activity, calcium ion binding and voltage-gated ion channel activity genes have 1 genes respectively (each accounted for 12.5% ). These genes were localized randomly on the most the chromosomes, with a majority of them localized on chromosomes 1,17. Chromosome 1 contained the most differentially expressed genes (10, 22.7% ), followed by chromosomes 17(5,11.3%). Conclusions The differential expressed genes in rNPC were supposed to be randomly distributed on most chromosomes, but the majorities were found on chromosomes 1, 17. Abnormality in three groups of genes, including in enzyme activity, calcium ion binding and protein binding associate genes, might play important roles in rNPC. Those genes need to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the changes of cognitive impairment and its correlated factors in patients with first acute cerebral ischemic stroke.Methods Five hundred and sixty-eighty patients,admitted to our hospital from July 2010 to June 2011 and met the diagnostic criteria of first acute cerebral ischemic stroke,were chosen in our study; neuropsychological evaluation was conducted within 1 week of acute cerebral ischemic stroke.The comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation battery included mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Digit span,Mattis dementia scale,Rey complex figure test,stroop test,World Health Organization and University of California-Los Angeles auditory verbal learning test,semantic category verbal fluency test and clock drawing test,which contained tests for memory,attention,executive function,information processing capability,visuospatial and visuo constructive functions.Gender,age,histories of hypertension and smoking,and levels of blood pressure,random blood glucose,fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose,cholesterin,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) were noted and the relations between cognitive function and both blood sugar and blood lipid levels were analyzed.Results (1) The abnormal rates of these patients in MMSE,Mattis dementia scale,attention deficit disorder,immediate logical memory disorder,delayed logical memory disorder,instant auditory memory disorder,delayed auditory memory disorder,visual memory disorder,executive function disorder,information processing disorder,and visuospatial and visuo constructive disorder were 78.2％,72.5％,26.5％,56.3％,60.9％,74.6％,98.2％,83.8％,62.7％,4.9％ and 77.7％,respectively.In patients with different blood glucose levels,significant differences were found on scores of MMSE,Mattis dementia scale,attention scale (P＜ 0.05); furthermore,the scores ofMMSE,Mattis dementia scale,attention scale in patients with impaired fasting glucose were obviously lower as compared with those in other groups (P＜0.05).The scale of above cognitive domains showed no significant difference in patients with different types of hyperlipidemias (P＞0.05); the scores of execution ability and visual space structure capability in patients with HDL-C were higher than those in normal density lipoprotein-C and LDL-C (P＜0.05),and the higher level of density lipoprotein-C,the higher scores of visual space structure capability (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis found that the total MMSE scores were associated with gender,age,and levels of fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; the independent risk factors of executive function were gender,age and HDL-C level; the ability of memory was correlated with age and HDL-C level.Visuospatial and visuo constructive function was associated with gender,age and mRS scores; the information processing ability was only correlated with HDL-C level.Conclusion In patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke,the cognitive impairment is extensive and severe,with a prevalence of about 75％,mainly having disorders in memory,executive ability,spatial structure; glucose levels,especially impaired fasting glucose level show most obvious influence in cognitive impairment;HDL-C level helps keep normal cognitive function; age,gender,HDL-C level are the most important factors of cognitive function.