Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Subclavian Artery ; abnormalities ; Vascular Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE To learn the condition of nosocomial infection of lower respiratory tract,so as to take effective measures to prevent and control it. METHODS A total of 10351 inpatients of our hospital from Mar 2007 to Mar 2008 were monitored prospectively and investigated retrospectively. RESULTS Of 234 nosocomial infection events,the lower respiratory tract infection occupied 80 events which the infection rate was the highest (34.19%) and mainly happened in internal medicine (33.75%) and neurosurgery (25.0%) departments. The pathogenic bacteria of hospital infection were mainly G-bacteria (50.94%). CONCLUSIONS The primary affection should be actively treated with strictly aseptic manipulation,reasonable application of antibiotics and strengthening disinfection and management of wards. All the measures are effective,to prevent the lower respiratory tract infection.

Objective To study the effects of oxymatrine as inhibitor of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) infection in vitro and in vivo.Methods In vitro studies,a dose of oxymatrine without cytotoxicity and 76-118 strain of HFRSV was taken to treat Vero cells in three ways:①After treated with oxymatrine for 48 h,Vero cells were attacked by HFRSV at dilution of 10-1 ～ 10-6,respectively for 24 h before changing to maintenance medium; ②Vero cells were first attacked by HFRSV of 10-1 ～ 10-6 dilution respectively,then oxymatrine was used for 48 h before changing to maintenance medium; ③Vero cells were attacked by HFRSV at dilution of 10-1 ～ 10-6 respectively,and meanwhile treated with oxymatrine for 48 h before changing to maintenance mcdium.Each dilution handled four porocytes,and four positive controls were set up at the same time.Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of oxymatrine in experimental group and positive control.In vivo studies,thirty 2-week-old hamsters,weighing about 30-40 g,were divided into experimental and control groups according to body weight,n =15.These aninals were inoculated intraperitoneally with HFRSV in 100TCID50(0.1 ml each); on days 4-13,0.1 ml of oxymatrine 1:100 were given to each hamster in experimental group daily by intraperitoneal injection,while the same amount of saline was given to the control ones.Lung tissue of hamsters was then dissected out to slice to be identified by immunofluorcscence stain.Results It was demonstrated that oxymatrine with the diluted fractions of 1:8 was safe in vitro.When the virus dilution of HFRSV was l0-4,compared with control groups,the differences were statistically significant in method 2 and 3 (z =-2.53,-2.53,all P ＜ 0.05),while no statistical significance in method 1 (z＝5.36,P＞ 0.05).When the virus dilution of HFRSV was 10-1 ～ 10-3,10-5,10-6,the differences were not statistically significant (z--0.00,-0.32,-0.19,4.21,4.21,all P ＞ 0.05).In vivo studies,compared with control group,the differences were statistically significant in experimental group (z =-3.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Oxymatrine significantly inhibites HFRSV.

Objective To investigate the effects of different standard cross sections and angles on the measurement accuracy of induced postnatal fetal long bones. Methods Fetal long bones (femori and humeri) in 30 cases with induced abortion were measured utilizing ultrasound from different angles and /or at different directions. The values measured from different sections and angles with vernier calipers were compared prenatally and postnatally. Results There was no apparent difference between the pre-induced abortion and those of the post-induced abortion. The results in the 30 cases showed that: (1) the values measured from anterior 90 degree, the long bone length would best match with the bare long bone length up to 96.7%, the match rate of other angles and/or directions was up to 80%; (2) no apparent statistical difference was between the length of left and right bone and no difference was found using 4 different directions and 3 different angles; (3)there was no difference between the left and right femuri and humeri.Conclusions Though the measured value from anterior 90 degree direction was the most accurate one, the statistical analtical results showed no difference among 12 values measured from 3 different angles and/or 4 different directions.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Failure, Acute ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

BACKGROUND:Hand-foot-mouth disease has become a major public health issue in children in China. In the present prospective study we investigated the clinical characteristics and emergency management of children with severe encephalitis associated with NPE caused by enterovirus 71. METHODS:The study was conducted in 2 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) over a 2-month period. Clinical records were reviewed of critically ill children with severe encephalitis associated with NPE caused by EV71 who were admitted to PICUs during the period of May to June 2008 in Fuyang. RESULTS:We reviewed the complete records of 36 children, of whom 23 (63.9％) were male and 13 (36.1％) female. Their age ranged from 4 to 48 months, with an average of 15.8 months. Al children except one were under 3 years of age. The overal mortality in these children was 19.4％. The average duration of critical life threatening signs and symptoms was 2.1 days (12 hours-5 days). Nervous system diseases included brainstem encephalitis in 27 children (75％), brainstem encephalitis associated with myelitis in 6 children (16.7％), and general encephalitis in 3 chidren (8.3％), respectively. In 12 patients of NPE (33.3％) pink or bloody bubble sputum and asymmetric pulmonary edema or hemorrhage was the primary manifestation but no typical exanthema was observed. Five children died of acute onset of NPE and / or pulmonary hemorrhage with rapid progression of cardiopulmonary failure within hours after admission. Therapeutic management consisted of mechanical ventilation and administration of mannitol, methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and vasoactive drugs, associated with the need of fluid volume resuscitation in 9 (25％) of the 36 children. CONCLUSIONS:In children less than 3 years of age found to be affected by severe EV71 encephalitis associated with NPE, one fifth may die. The major organ systems infected by severe EV71 include the central nervous system, the respiratory system, and the cardiovascular system. Early diagnosis and evaluation, respiratory support, treatment of intracranial hypertension, and mainttenance of function of the cardiovascular system are the most important therapeutic measures.

Objective - To investigate the effect of lung flora dysbiosis on the process of pulmonary fibrosis and lung epithelial （ ） Methods - mesenchymal transition EMT in mice with silicosis. Male C57BL/6 mice of specific pathogen free grade were ， ， ， （ ） randomly divided into the blank control group silicosis model group solvent control group vancomycin VM + ampicillin （ ） ， （ ） （ ） ， AMP group metronidazole MNZ + neomycin NEO group and mixed treatment group 12 mice in each group. Except for ， ， the blank control group which was given 20.0 µL of 0.9% NaCl solution the other five groups of mice were dosed with 20.0 µL of silica dust suspension at a mass concentration of 250.0 g/L using a single tracheal drip to establish the silicosis mouse model. ： The intranasal drip method was used to treat silicosis mice in each group as following mice in the solvent control group were - ； ； given double distilled water mice in the VM+AMP group were given VM at a mass concentration of 0.5 g/L and AMP at 1.0 g/L ； mice in the MNZ+NEO group were given MNZ at a mass concentration of 1.0 g/L and NEO at 1.0 g/L mice in the mixed ， treatment group were given the same doses of the four antibiotics mentioned above all in a drip volume of 50.0 µL. Silicosis ， ， mice were treated seven days and half an hour before silica dusting and 7 14 and 21 days after silica dusting. Mouse lungtissue was collected aseptically 28 days after silica dusting. Hematoxylin eosin and Masson trichrome staining methods were - used to observe the pathological changes. Western blotting was used to detect the relative protein expression of α smooth muscle （ - ）， - （ - ） （ ） actin α SMA E cadherin E CAD and vimentin VIM . Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the relative expression of - - E CAD and VIM. Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression levels of （Col1a2） Results collagen type Ⅰ alpha 2 mRNA in lung tissues. The histopathological results showed that the alveoli of the ， blank control group were thin and structurally intact with few surrounding infiltrating inflammatory cells and no abnormal ， distribution of collagen fibers. The alveoli of the silicosis model group were structurally disorganized with a large number of ， ， infiltrating inflammatory cells thickened alveolar walls and cellular fibrous nodules with abundant blue collagen deposit. In the ， ， VM+AMP group MNZ+NEO group and the mixed treatment group the inflammation and fibrosis were reduced with diferent degrees in the lung tissues compared to the silicosis model group and the solvent control group. The relative expression levels of - ， Col1a2 α SMA VIM protein and mRNA in lung tissues of mice in the silicosis model group were higher than those in the blank （ P ）， -CAD control group all <0.05 and the relative expression levels of E protein were lower than those in the blank control （P ） - ， Col1a2 group <0.05 . The relative expression levels of α SMA VIM protein and mRNA in lung tissues of mice in the MNZ+ （ P ）， -CAD NEO group and the mixed treatment group were lower all <0.05 and the relative expression levels of E protein were （P ）， Conclusion higher <0.05 when compared with the silicosis model group and the solvent control group. Pulmonary fibrosis ， - was reduced in silicosis mice with interventions in lung flora where anaerobic and gram negative bacteria affected pulmonary fibrosis and dysbiosis of the lung flora affected pulmonary EMT.

AIMTo study the chemical constituents from Corallodiscus flabellata.

METHODSFresh plant of Corallodiscus flabellata was extracted twice with boiling water, filtered to remove insoluble materials, concentrated under reduced pressure at temperature 55 degrees C to a small volume. The concentrated liquor was subjected to solvent-solvent partitioning using ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol (saturated with water). The fraction of ethyl acetate extract was chromatographed over macroporous adsorption resin (Diaion HP-20) eluted with a mixture of H2O and MeOH in increasing MeOH content. Their fractions from resin were repeatedly chromatographed over Sephadex LH-20, Toyopearl HW-40, gel MCI, Gel CHP-20 and silica gel column. Structures of compounds obtained were identified on the basis of their spectral data, hydrolysis and chemical correlation.

RESULTSTwo phenylethanoid glycosides (I, II) and three phenolic acids were obtained from the EtOAc fraction of water-extracts. Their structures were identified as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl (1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol-8-O-[(5-O- Vanilloyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II), vanillic acid (III), syringic acid (IV) and ferulic acid (V).

CONCLUSIONI and II are new compounds. Compounds III, IV and V were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Disaccharides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vanillic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Corallodiscus flabellata.

METHODThe compounds were isolated with macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel column chromatography and identified on the basis of their physiochemical and spectral data.

RESULTSix compounds were obtained and identified as vanillic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid, isoacteoside, ferulic acid.

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Gallic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Vanillic Acid ; chemistry ; isolation & purification