Objective To explore the relationship between the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) Pro582Ser polymorphism and type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods Two hundred and forty four subjects with type 2 diabetes were recruited. HIF-1α Pro582Ser polymorphism was detected using PCR-RFLP to analyses. Results SNPs were detected at the site of 1 285 bp of HIF-1α exon , which could turn proline to serine (Pro582Ser). T allele carrying rate was significantly higher in the patients with DN than in those with right diabetes (P<0.05) at 1 285 bp site of HIF-1αexon. By Logistic regression analysis, high HbA1c and low HDL-c were risk factors for DN and Pro582Ser was excluded in the equation. Conclusion High HbA1c and low HDL-c are risk factors for type 2 DN. HIF-1αPro582Ser SNPs may be correlated with type 2 DN, but the correlation needs further exploration.

Objective To prospectively investigate the neurological complications(NC)after offpump coronary artery bypass grafting(OPCABG),including the kinds of NC and their mobility,risk factors.prevetion and treatment.Methods A total of 55 consecutive patients with undergoing OPCABG were evaluated from March to June 2006 at the Department of Cardiosurgery in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Risk factors of NC were collected before operation.Nervous system physical examination,The NIH Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score evaluation,cognitive tests,imaging examination(MRI,MRA and f-MRI),anxious and depression scale were performed before and after OPCABG.NC and their kinds were identified after surgery.According to the presence or absence of NC after the operation,the patients were divided into two groups,and univariate analysis was used between the two groups.P＜0.05 was considered of statistically significant difference.Results (1)2 cases of ischemic stroke developed after surgery(2/55),but there no case of mortality.The risk factors were not statistically different between the two groups(P＞0.05):(2)For all the patients,cognitive evaluation was normal and unchanged before and after surgery(P＞0.05),including Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),Clinical dementia rating(CDR)and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS);(3)Except the 2 cases of stroke,the others were normal and had no change on MRI,MRA,and f-MRI(P＞0.05)before and after surgery;(4)7 patients with slight anxiety and one with sight depression before operation recovered completely after surerty without treatment.Both the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)were normal and unchanged before and after surgery (P＞0.05).Conclusions 2 cases of ischemic stroke were found among 55 patients undergoing OPCABG (2/55)and there was no mortality.There was no obvious change of cognitive function,imaging finding,anxiety and depression before and after the operation(P＞0.05).OPCABG is relatively safe for nervous system,but more exploratory work andclinical data are needed.

Objective To find the dominant bacteria in mountain-lake water which can inhibit the alga growth by separation, culture,identification.Methods The samples from the lake in Simian Mountain area,Chongqing were collected.Bacteria- increasing culture,separation and identification were conducted to choice the dominant bacteria.With the dominant bacteria,the ecological restoration was conducted in the eutrophicated water in laboratory,the growth of alga was observed and the water quality was determined.Results Citrobacter freundi,Pseudomonas mendocina,Aeromonas veronii,Achromobaeter xylosoxidans were the dominant bacteria in the lake in Simian Mountain area,Chongqing.Compared with the blank water eontrol,the algae growth speed was slower,COD_(Mn)was 7.1 and 7.4 mg/L respectively,the chroma was both 20 degree in the experimental water samples with Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas mendocina.Conclusion The algae inhibitory action of Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas mendocina in the mountain lake water is obvious.

Objective To explore the p27 gene expression and clinical significance in acute leukemia (AL).Methods RT-PCR was used for testing the mRNA levels of p27 gene in bone marrow mononuclear cell of 65 cases of newly diagnosed AL patients and 41 controls.The correlation between the p27 gene expression positive rate and age, sex, peripheral blood white blood cell count and extramedullary infiltration were analyzed simultaneously in AL patients.Results The positive rate of p27 gene expression (36.9 ％,24/65)was significantly lower in AL group than that in the control group (87.8 ％,36/41) (P ＜0.05),and which was lower than the control group (P ＜0.05) in the AML group (34.2 ％,13/38) and the ALL group (37.5 ％,9/24).However,comparing AML group with ALL group,the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).At the same time,compared the p27 gene expression positive rate of ≥ 14 years old group (52 cases) and ＜14 years old group (13 cases),and also compared in male group (34 cases) and in female group (31 cases),there was no statistically difference (P ＞0.05); Compared the p27 gene expression positive rate of peripheral blood white blood cell count ≥20×109/L group (31 cases) and ＜20×109/L group (34 cases),also compared with in extramedullary infiltration group (37 cases) and in no extramedullary infiltration group (28 cases),the relationship of p27 gene expression positive rate with peripheral blood white blood cell count as well as extramedullary infiltration was a negative correlation (r =-0.284,P ＜ 0.05,r =-0.300,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is p27 mRNA expression deletion in AL patients,and the deletion is present in the AML and ALL at the same time.p27 mRNA expression is negatively correlated with peripheral blood white blood cell count or extramedullary infiltration,which might be one of the mechanisms of occurrence and development of AL.

Objective To construct the recombinant plasmid pYES6-S and express and purify spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SANS)coronavirus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Methods DNA fragments of SANS coronavirus were obtained by reverse transeription.Four over- lapped fragments of spike protein genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and ligated into an integral spike protein gene by restriction enzyme digestion.The spike protein gene recombined with pYES6 and cloned into E.coll.The recombinant plasmid pYES6-S was induced and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae(INVScl)by galactose.Results The recombinant plasmid pYES6-S was confirmed that inserted fragment was right in length,direction and base matching by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing.The purified protein encoded by the whole spike protein gene was about Mr 110?10~3 identified by electrophoresis.Conclusion The whole spike protein gene of SARS coronavirus is cloned into E.coli and the protein is expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae successful ly.which can be helpful in SARS vaccine research.

Objective To investigate the effect of Xing-Zhi-Yi-Nao (XZYN) particles on the expressions of Nogo and OMgp proteins in brain of rats after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.Methods A total of 120 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,CO poisoning group and XZYN particles treatment group (40 rats in each group).The rats in CO poisoning group and treatment group of acute CO poisoning were established by using an animal chamber,and then received hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Meanwhile,rats in treatment group were further given additional XZYN particles twice a day by gavage.At 1 day,1 week,1 month and 2 months after CO poisoning,the neurobehavioral score of rats was evaluated by a Morris water maze test and a shuttle box test,and the expressions of neurite outgrowth inhibitor (Nogo) and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) were investigated in rat brain tissue by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting assay,respectively.Results Compared with those in normal control group((11.6±8.4)s,(41.8±4.4)%,(16.1±2.3)s,and (1.2±0.2)s),the escape latency in CO group was significantly prolonged ((14.1±6.1)s),and the T1/ T total was obviously decreased (23.6±2.4) %,the escape time ((26.3±3.8)s),the active escape latency ((2.3±0.3)s) were notably extended at 1 d (P<0.05).The cognitive dysfunction caused by CO poisoning was more obvious in the later stage of poisoning (from 1 week to 2 months,P<0.05).Compared with those in CO group,the escape latency was significantly shortened (from (3.5±0.6)s to (3.1±0.5)s),the T1/ T total was gradually increased (from (29.7±3.2)% to (36.7±3.2)%),the escape time (from (39.7±5.4)s to (18.1±2.0)s) and the active escape latency were obviously decreased (from (4.3±0.4)s to (2.1±0.2)s) in the later stage (>1 week) in Xing-Zhi-Yi-Nao treatment group (P<0.05).The expressions of Nogo and Omgp proteins in brain tissue in CO poisoning group were gradually increased as time went by.The increased expressions of Nogo and Omgp proteins were still observed at 1 month after CO poisoning.By contrast,XZYN particles could significantly improve cognitive function,reduce the expression of Nogo protein,and there was statistical difference compared with the poisoning group (P<0.05).However,the level of Omgp protein in XZYN treatment group was slightly lower than that in CO poisoning group,but there was no difference between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusion The expression of Nogo and Omgp proteins may be associated with brain injury and demyelination in rats induced by CO poisoning.XZYN particles can down-regulate the expression of Nogo,and pave a way for the treatment of acute brain damage and delayed encephalopathy after CO poisoning.

ObjectiveTo quantitatively assess the effect of Constraint Induced(CI) Movement Therapy on stroke and head injured patients.MethodsNine stroke and head injured patients were applied by CI therapy,which consist of restraint of the unaffected upper extremity in a sling for 14 days combined with 6 hours of training per day of the affected upper extremity. The Carroll test and a Japan upper extremity function test were applied in baseline, pretreatment and posttreatment.ResultsThere were improvement in scores of the Carroll test (P=0.02) and a Japan upper extremity function test (P=0.42)in posttreatment compared with those in baseline.ConclusionsCI therapy is an effective treatment for upper extremity function of stroke and head injured patients.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets in the treatment of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding.Methods A total of 54 patients with perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 27 cases per group.Control group was orally given mifepristone 10 mg qd for 3 months.Treatment group was given desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets 0.17 mg by oral bid for 3 d,then reduced to 0.17 mg qd for 3 cycles with 21 d per cycle.The clinical efficacy,serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH),estradiol (E2) and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates of the treatment and control groups were 96.23％ (26/27 cases)and 74.07％ (20/27 cases) with significant difference (P ＜0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in treatment and control groups were compared:FSH were (23.27 ±3.05),(36.48 ± 5.13) U · L-1;LHwere (20.03±2.54),(28.36±4.04)U · L-1;E2 were (117.45 ±16.47),(174.75±24.27)pmol · L-1,with significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in treatment group were based on nausea and dizziness,which in control group were rash,nausea,upper abdominal discomfort.The incidences of adverse drug reactions in treatment and control groups were 7.41％ and 14.81％ without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol tablets have a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of perimenopausal dysfunctional uterine bleeding,which can reduce the levels of FSH,LH and E2,without increasing the incidences of adverse drug reactions.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of arecoline on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats and to elucidate its possible mechanism.

METHODSForty five Wistar rats were fed with high fructose diet for 12 weeks to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control group, model group and model group were treated with different dose (0, 0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg) of arecoline. After 4 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and insulin level measured , mRNA expression of liver constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expression of p-AKT and glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats. 1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR, PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONArecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression.

Animals ; Arecoline ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To analysis the clinical applications of unstable an-gina medications.Methods Retrospective analysis of the original re-cords of 327 patients with unstable angina pectoris and evaluation of the use and rationality of the medications using the indicators of defined daily dose(DDD), frequency of drug use(DDDs) and drug utilization index ( DUI) .Results Top three of the most frequently used anti-ischemic drugs were metoprolol tartaric acid ( 40.06%) , glyceryl trinitrate ( 33.03%) and metoprolol succinate sustained -release tablets ( 25.99%) .In addition, 97.54% of patients received anti -platelet therapy, 12.23%received anti-coagulation therapy, and 95.41% re-ceived treatment of statins.As for DUI, except of aspirin and clopi-dogrel, other drugs were ≤1.Conclusion Except that the intensity of anti-coagulation therapy is not enough, the use of other drugs was rea-sonable and consistent with the guidelines basically.