OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Extract (SSBE) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) induced acute lung injury (ALI) model rats and their excessive inflammatory reactions.

METHODSForty-two healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operated control group (C), the SAP group (SAP), and the SSBE treated group (SSBE), 14 in each group. SAP induced ALl rat model was induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into the pancreatic duct. SSBE (100 m/kg) was administrated subcutaneously after the establishment of the SAP model. Equal dose of SSBE was injected again 12 h later. Equal volume of normal saline was administrated in the same way for rats in the C group and the SAP group. Rats were sacrificed after successful modeling and samples taken at 12 and 24 h. Pathological changes in the pancreas and the lung tissue were observed under light microscope. The ascites, serum amylase (AMS), wet/dry proportion (W/D) of the lung tissue, activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were also measured.

RESULTSAscites and serum AMS activities significantly increased; MPO, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha contents, and W/D ratio also significantly increased in the SAP group, when compared with the C group (P<0.05). Compared with the SAP group, those parameters were all attenuated in the SSBE group at 12 and 24 h (P<0.05, P<0.01). Pathological changes in the pancreas and the lung tissue were alleviated in the SSBE group under light microscope. The injury degree ranged between that of the C group and the SAP group.

CONCLUSIONSSBE could relieve the ALl in SAP model rats, which could be achieved through alleviating inflammation responses of SAP rats.

Acute Lung Injury ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Interleukin-1 ; Interleukin-6 ; Lung ; Male ; Pancreas ; Pancreatitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Peroxidase ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sedum ; Taurocholic Acid ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

A new mathematical equation characterizing the compression of pharmaceutical materials is presented. This equation presumed that the rate of change of the compressible volume of powder with respect to the pressure is proportional to the compressible volume. The new model provided a good fit to several model substances employing non-linear regression techniques. The validity of the model had been verified with experimental results of various pharmaceutical powders according to the Akaikes informatics criterion (AIC) and the sum of squared deviations (SS). The parameter of the new model might reflect quantitatively the fundamental compression behaviors of the powders. It had demonstrated that the proposed model could well predict the compaction characteristics of solid particles like the Kawakita model.
Compressive Strength ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Powders ; chemistry ; Pressure

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), calcium phosphate (DCP)/MCC (4:1, w/w) and lactose (Lac)/MCC (4:1) pellets with different intragranular porosity were prepared in an extrusion-spheronizator and three volume ratios of ethanol/water were used as binder agents to prepare pellets. The compression behaviors of these pellets with different intragranular pore volume were evaluated with the parameters of Kawakita model. The results showed that high pore volume of pellets made up of MCC had the best compressibility and low pore volume of pellets had a poor compactibility. However, the compressibility of different porosity of pellets made up of DCP/MCC (4:1) or Lac/MCC (4:1) was good, but they were not significantly different. The reason might be the main compression mechanism of high porosity of MCC pellets was plastic deformation and that of DCP/MCC pellets or Lac/MCC pellets was not plastic deformation but fragmentation. These results can be observed directly by the SEM photographs. According to these results, the conclusion could be drawn that high porosity MCC pellets and different porosity DCP/MCC pellets and Lac/MCC pellets can be used as cushion granules to maintain the original shape and release characteristics of drug pellets when pellets were tabletted.
Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Excipients ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Porosity ; Pressure ; Tablets

Fluidized-bed manufactured enteric-coated diclofenac sodium pellets were compressed into tablets. The blend of two aqueous acrylic resins dispersion in different ratios, Eudragit NE30D and Eudragit L30D-55, were used to prepare enteric-coated diclofenac sodium pellets of different particle sizes and coating level. The cushioning pellets with different properties and these enteric-coated pellets were compressed into tablets in different proportions. The drug release of the tablets containing these pellets would be lower than 10% in 2 h in simulated gastric fluid, but reach (83 +/- 2.42)% in 1 h in simulated enteric fluid. The mixture of Eudragit NE30D and Eudragit L30D-55 could be used to prepare enteric pellets which are suitable for compression. The cushioning pellets which were composed of stearic acid/microcrystalline cellulose (4:1, w/w) could avoid rupture of the coating of pellets during the compression.
Acrylic Resins ; chemistry ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemical synthesis ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Diclofenac ; chemical synthesis ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Methacrylates ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets, Enteric-Coated ; chemistry

This study is to investigate the effects of concentration, intestinal section, pH, paracellular route, substrate/inhibitor of enzyme (CYP3A) and proteins (P-gp, MRP2, SGL1) on the absorption of forsythoside A. The absorption of three concentrations (2.6, 5.2, and 10.4 microg x mL(-1)) of forsythoside A in different intestinal segments was studied with phenol red as the marker by rat circulation in situ. The results showed that the residue of forsythoside A with different concentrations had little significant difference from that obtained after perfusing via duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, which indicated that the absorption of forsythoside A was passive diffusion and had no difference in different segments of rat intestine. The residue of forsythoside A increased to 466.160 and 463.429 microg respectively when cyclosporine (4 microg x mL(-1)) or midazolam (50 micromol x L(-1)) was added to the circulation fluid, which showed significant difference compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the residue of forsythoside A showed a tendency of increase with the increase of cyclosporine or midazolam. When digoxin (50 micromol x L(-1)) or EDTA (10 microg x mL(-1)) was added to the circulation fluid, the residue of forsythoside A decreased to 325.110 and 369.888 microg respectively, which showed significant difference as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, the residue of forsythoside A showed a tendency of reduction with the increase of digoxin or EDTA. However, there is no significant change in the absorption of forsythoside A when the different concentrations of mannitol were added to the circulation fluid. The results above indicated that the absorption of forsythoside A was mainly passive diffusion and involved paracellular route at the same time. In addition, the substrates of P-gp or CYP3A had dose-dependent effect on the absorption of forsythoside A.
Animals ; Colon ; metabolism ; Cyclosporine ; pharmacology ; Digoxin ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Edetic Acid ; pharmacology ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ileum ; metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; metabolism ; Male ; Mannitol ; pharmacology ; Midazolam ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To explore risk factors of congenital malformations (CMs) and to evaluate its impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who received the first antenatal care from March 2013 to February 2016 in the reproductive center, obstetrics clinics, infertility clinics and ultrasound department of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Corresponding information from pregnant women and their spouses were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to screen possible risk factors of CMs and evaluate the impacts of CMs on other APOs. Results The study showed that women had history of non-standard BMI, smoking, hepatitis, pregnancy-related complications, gestational diabetes mellitus, infertility and using assisted reproductive technology before pregnancy; had no folic acid taking, active and passive smoking, drinking, uneven diet, high intensity physical activity during pregnancy increased the risk of CMs in offspring. Furthermore, the history of spouse smoking and eating betel nut also increased the risk of CMs in offspring. CMs might increase the risk of preterm birth, very preterm birth, low birth weight, very low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. Conclusions There are many risk factors of CMs. Knowing these risk factors, and giving them optimal prevention strategies and effective intervention measures are important measures in preventing the occurrence of CMs and other APOs.

In order to explore the specificity of complement C5 in the postmortem diagnosis of myocardial infarction, changes of C5 staining in normal, infarcted and other non-infarcted myocardia with direct or indirect myocardial injuries (myocarditis, mechanical asphyxia, electrocution, hemorrhagic shock, cardiac contusion and organophosphate poisoning) were studied with immunohistochemistry and image analysis. The results showed that positive C5 staining could be observed in groups of myocardial infarction and myocarditis, but not in groups of mechanical asphyxia, electrocution, hemorrhagic shock, cardiac contusion, and organophosphate poisoning. It is indicated that positive reaction of C5 could only be affected by myocarditis, which means that it was more specific for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Complement C5/analysis* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis* ; Myocardium/chemistry* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective: To observe the efficacy of ticagrelor for treating elderly acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with elective PCI and having low response to clopidogrel; to explore the bleeding risks induced by ticagrelor replacement. Methods: A total of 945 ACS patients ≥ 65 years treated in our hospital from 2014-01 to 2017-01 were enrolled. All patients received aspirin and clopidogrel dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), thrombelastography (TEG) was used to detect platelet inhibition rate when DAPT ≥ 5 days. Based on platelet inhibition rate, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Ticagrelor replacement group, n=293 patients with low response to clopidogrel and switched to ticagrelor treatment, when adjusted DAPT ≥ 5 days, platelet inhibition rate was rechecked to compare the changes; Clopidogrel group, the patients were continuously treated by the same medication, n=652. The patients were followed-up for 3 months, bleeding events were evaluated by TIMI criteria and compared between 2 groups. Risk factors of ticagrelor induced bleeding were assessed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results: Platelet inhibition rates in Ticagrelor replacement group were (51.70±42.90) %, (48.99±41.85) % and (55.08±25.70) % at (5-7) d, (8-14) d and (15-90) d ticagrelor treatment, which were higher than previous clopidogrel treatment (14.50±24.15) %, all P<0.05. The incidences of severe bleeding events were similar between 2 groups, P=0.96. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis presented that female (OR=4.329, P=0.000), low body weight (OR=0.817, P=0.039) and elevated fasting blood glucose (OR=1.251, P=0.028) were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients. Conclusion: Compared with clopidogrel, ticagrelor may faster and more effectively inhibit platelet aggregation without increasing severe bleeding; female, low body weight and elevated fasting blood glucose were the independent risk factors for bleeding complication in ticagrelor treated elderly ACS patients with elective PCI.

Objective To discuss the psychological characters in H1N1 suspicious patients during the isolated period, in order to provide proper nursing cares. Methods From May to Sep. 2009, 114 patients, who were in charged in the infective department of our hospital, were investigated by observation, conversation, and registration and were given psychological interventions. The results were analyzed by retrospective methods.Results 114 cases have psychological problems in different degrees, and most common problems were fear and anxiety. The patents with psychological problems in the hospital were worse than those at home. The patents over 15 years old were suffered from fear and anxiety more severely. But with proper nursing cares, all of them survived the isolated period. Conclusions The H1N1 suspicious patients have special psychological problems during the isolated periods, and they need proper nursing cares to meet satisfied outcome.

Colorectal cancer is a significant public health issue all over the world. Screening has been shown effective in improving the survival rate and decreasing the deaths of colorectal cancer. Several organizations have released guidelines for colorectal cancer screening. However, detailed recommendations like the age to begin remain controversial. This paper summarizes the recommended different age groups in initiating the colorectal cancer screening program from a few guidelines and analyzes the reasons for the inconsistency, thus facilitating the drafting of colorectal cancer screening guidelines in China.