Aorta, Thoracic ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; etiology ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Subclavian Artery ; abnormalities ; Vascular Diseases ; complications ; congenital ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neoplasms ; complications ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; complications ; Risk Factors

This study is undertaken to modify the chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and investigate the conjugation between WGA-CS-NPs and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG). CS-NPs were prepared by ionotropic gelation process and then conjugated with WGA under the activation of glutaricdialdehyde. The mean diameter of the CS-NPs was approximately 113.5 nm and the poly-dispersity index (PDI) was 0.18. The binding yield of WGA to CS-NPs was comprised between 27.8% and 87.9% depending mostly on the addition of 0.3% (w/v) glutaraldehyde solution. A competitive inhibition experiment of WGA-CS-NPs to bovine submaxillary gland mucin (BSM) was taken to illuminate the binding activity of WGA-CS-NPs to the sugar of N-acetylglucosamine. After the addition of NAG, the binding rates between CS-NPs and BSM almost didn't change, while the binding rates between WGA-CS-NPs and BSM dropped down significantly, which confirmed the specific binding characteristics of WGA to NAG.

Adult ; Coombs Test ; Emergency Treatment ; methods ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal ; blood ; immunology ; therapy ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Isoantibodies ; immunology ; Male ; Phototherapy ; Pregnancy ; Rh Isoimmunization ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Rho(D) Immune Globulin ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the CT imaging features of metastatic hepatic adenocarcinomas from the digestive tract by using multi-detector-row helical CT (MDCT) with pathological correlation. Methods CT and clinical data of 36 patients with pathologically proven metastatic hepatic adenocarcinomas from the digestive tract were retrospectively reviewed. The primary tumors included 10 cases of gastric cancer, 1 duodenal cancer, 18 colo- nic carcinoma, 7 rectal cancer. All patients underwent MDCT plain scan and contrast-enhanced dual-phase scanning of upper or whole abdomen. The appearances of hepatic metastatic lesions on MDCT images at various enhancement phases were carefully observed. Results On plain CT scan 32 cases (88.9%) presented multiple nodules of low density at different sizes, 3 cases (8.3%) showed a single low-density nodule, and 1 case presented with a cystic mass. On contrast-enhanced scan, 4 cases (11.1%) showed faintly enhanced rim around the nodules on arterial phase; on portal venous phase 29 cases (80.6%) presented slight ring-like enhancement at the periphery of the nodule while the nodule core was markedly hypodense with intermediate soft tissue density area in between, giving rise to the typical appearance of “bull’s-eye” sign. Three cases (8.3%) showed no enhancement on either phase images. Conclusion The ring-like enhancement and the appearance of “bull’s-eye” on portal venous phase was characteristic CT features of metastatic hepatic adenocarcinoma from digestive tract.

Objective To investigate the efficacy differences of different doses of cyclophosphamide(CTX)among subcategories of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis(LN). Methods Clinical data of 133 LN patients diagnosed by renal biopsy with class IV or class IV +V who were treated with corticosteroid plus CTX were analyzed retrospectively. The baseline Scr, 24 h urine protein, CTX dosages and prognosis were compared among different dosages for each subcategory. Results The average cumulative dose of CTX within 6 months was(11.1 4.1)g. The high dose group was >12 g, the medium dose group was >6-12 g and the low dose group was ≤6 g. Compared to low dose group, high dose CTX increased the remission rate of class Ⅳ +Ⅴ(67% vs 40%, P=0.314)and chronic renal lesion(43% vs 0%, P=0.212), but such enhancement was not obvious in class Ⅳ(Ⅳ-S: 67% vs 50%, P=0.548, Ⅳ-G: 65% vs 70%, P= 0.560). Difference of overall adverse reactions was not significant between high dose group and low dose group(51% vs 37% ,P=0.224). Conclusion Corticosteroid plus high dose CTX may improve the remission rate of patients with class IV + V and chronic renal lesions.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, classification and outcome in lupus nephritis(LN)patients with thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA). Methods LN patients with TMA proven by renal biopsy, from January 2000 to February 2009 in our hospital were enrolled. They were classified as poly-immunocomplex deposit group(n =35)and pauci-immunocomplex deposit group(n=25). Their clinicopathologic features and outcome were analyzed retrospectively. Results(l)The incidence of TMA in lupus nephritis was 9.2%(n=62), which presented severe hypertension, prominently elevated serum creatinine, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and was also the poorest prognosis of all the vascular lesion types. The incidence of death/end stage renal disease(ESRD)was 25.0%, with a mortality rate of 13.6%.(2)According to immunocomplex deposit in renal tissue, LN complicated with TMA could be classified as "poly immunocomplex deposit subtype" and "pauci-immunocomplex deposit subtype". The former presented better response to steroid and immunosuppressant therapy, in spite of more active clinicopathologic manifestations. The incidences of death/ESRD of poly subtype and pauci subtype were 8.8% and 32.0% respectively. Conclusions TMA presenting severe manifestations and the poorest prognosis is not rare in LN. LN with TMA may be classified as poly-immunocomplex deposit subtype and pauci-immunocomplex deposit subtype. This classification may be helpful in prognosis because the latter shows bad response to steroid-immunosuppressant therapy.

Aim To investigate the effects of U50,488H(a selective ?-opioid receptor agonist)on ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in rats and to elucidate their mechanisms.Methods The contents of CK(creatine phosphokinase)and LDH(lactate dehydrogenase)were measured; The isolated heart was perfused using langendorff equipment. Heart rate(HR), arterial blood pressure(ABP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), cardiac function (?dp/dtmax), rate of ventricular tachycardia(VT)and ventricular fibrillation(VF)were examined in rats in vitro. The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and arrhythmia score were also determined; The change of sodium currents (INa) induced by U50,488H was detected by whole-cell recording mode using patch clamp.Results ① In comparison with I/R group, the contents of CK、LDH in plasma of rats in U50,488H+I/R group were significantly lowered(P

AIMTo study the pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rats after oral administration of a single dose of Suanzaoren decoction.

METHODSAn HPLC method was established using puerain as internal standard. Plasma samples were deproteinized with acetonitrile-acetic acid (9:1), followed by evaporation of the acetonitrile to dryness. The resultant residue was then dissolved in mobile phase and HPLC separation was achieved on a Hypersil C18 (200 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) column at room temperature. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water (12:88) with 1% acetic acid and 1% tetrahydrofuran at a flow rate of 0.7 mL x min(-1). The UV detection wavelength was set at 320 nm.

RESULTSThe calibration curve was shown to be linear over the range from 0.536 to 26.8 microg x mL(-1) (r2 > or = 0.995). Mean recovery was determined as 92.7%. Within-day and between-day precisions were less than 9. 1% RSD. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.536 microg x mL(-1). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) and the apparent elimination half-life (T1/2) were (10.5 +/- 2.2) microg x mL(-1), (5.8 +/- 0.4) h and (5.0 +/- 0.3) h, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe validated HPLC method developed has been applied to take a limited view of pharmacokinetics profile of mangiferin in rat plasma after having orally taken a single dose of Suanzaoren decoction.

Administration, Oral ; Anemarrhena ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Xanthones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Ziziphus ; chemistry

Tripterygium wilfordii has exihibited multiple pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, immune modulation, anti-tumor and anti-fertility. T. wilfordii have been used for the therapy of inflammation and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, immune complex nephritis and systemic lupus erythematosus clinically. However, it is well known that T. wilfordii has small margin between the therapeutic and toxic doses and could cause serious injury on digestive, reproductive and urogenital systems. Among all the organs, liver is one of the most remarkable targets of T. wilfordii-induced toxicities, and the damage is more serious than others. It is generally accepted that T. wilfordii-induced liver injury is a result of the combined effects of toxic elements of T. wilfordii. It is reported in several studies that the mechanism of T. wilfordii-induced liver injury may be related to lipid peroxidation, cell apoptosis and immune damage, and so on. Licorice is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, with effects of heat- clearing and detoxicating, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, reconciling various drugs, and so on. Licorice often accompany T. wilfordii in clinical application which can significantly reduce the liver injury induced by T. wilfordii. The attenuated effect is exact, but the mechanism is still a lack of in-depth study. This paper reviews the studies on T. wilfordii-induced liver injury and the related mechanism as well as licorice and other traditional Chinese medicine accompany T. wilfordii to reduce the injury in recent years, so as to provide reference for related research in the future.
Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Glycyrrhiza ; Humans ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Tripterygium