To deepen the teaching reform on comprehensive medical function experiment in our school,the mode of opening system of experiment teaching of medical function is proposed.The definition and characteristics of the opening system is discussed in this paper,and its theoretical foundation,guideline,goal location,effect and pending problems are also explored preliminarily.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Wenyang Huazhuo Tongluo Recipe (WYHZTLR) on the proportion of T helper 17 cells (Thl7)/regulatory T cells (Treg), and serum levels of IL-17 and IL-10 in peripheral blood of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with yang qi insufficiency and turbidity induced collaterals blockage syndrome (YQITICBS).

METHODSTotally 82 SSc patients were randomly assigned to the Western medicine group (as the control group) and the integrated Chinese and Western medicine group (as the treatment group), 41 cases in each group. All patients took methotrexate (MTX) tablet and prednisone tablet. Patients in the treatment group additionally took WYHZTLR. The treatment course for all was six consecutive months. Besides, another 70 healthy volunteers were recruited as a healthy control group (as the healthy group). Percentages of Th17 and Treg in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-10, von Willebrand factor (vWF), aminoterminal propeptide of type l procollagen (PIIINP), and cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen ( I CTP) were measured by double antibody sandwich ELISA. The correlations between Th17/Treg and levels of vWF, PIIINP, I CTP, skin score, and disease activity index were observed by Pearson correlation analysis.

RESULTSThe percentage of Th17 in peripheral blood, ratios of Th17/Treg, and the serum level of IL-17 were significantly higher, but the percentage of Treg and the serum level of IL-10 were significantly lower in SSc patients, when compared with those of the healthy group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Compared with the same group before treatment, the percentage of Thl7, ratios of Thl7/Treg, and levels of IL-17, vWF, and PIIINP all decreased in the two groups after treatment (P <0.05, P <0.01), but the percentage of Treg and the IL-10 level increased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Meanwhile,the level of I CTP was higher in the treatment group after treatment (P <0. 05). The improvement of all indices except the percentage of Th17 was more obvious in the treatment group than in the control group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). The ratio of Th17/Treg was positively correlated with levels of vWF, PIIINP, skin score, and disease activity index before and after treatment respectively (P <0. 01), but with no obvious correlation with the level of I CTP (P >0. 05).

CONCLUSIONWYHZTLR could achieve its therapeutic effect on SSc patients by regulating Th17/Treg imbalance, lowering levels of vWF and PIIINP, and elevating the level of I CTP.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-17 ; Methotrexate ; Peptide Fragments ; Procollagen ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; drug therapy ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Th17 Cells

Coronavirus is human-to-human transmissible and often leads to nosocomial outbreak in the early stage, which poses a great threat to healthcare workers.Due to confined space, crowed population and some aerosol-generating medical procedures, hospital is vulnerable to coronavirus transmission and nosocomial infection.We review the mechanism and risk factors of coronavirus aerosol in hospital and summarize the evidence of aerosol transmission of three coronaviruses and the impact of air flow.Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of personal protection in the above-mentioned scenarios for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.

Objective To investigate the caregiving activities of the main caregivers of long-term hemodialysis patients.Methods Three hundred patients caregivers from April to September in 2010 in Grade A Hospitals of Dalian city with long-term hemodialysis were investigated with the Chinese version of Caregiving to Adults on Dialysis(CLC-GADs).Results The average score of the Think-LC-GADs was 3.05 ± 0.52,among them,the highest sub-scale score was Assessment (3.28±0.35),and the lowest score was Coaching (2.65 ±0.36).The average score of the whole Task-LC-GADs was 3.65 ± 0.45,among which,the sub-scale score of Diet Assist and Symptom Relief was higher,with 3.88±0.28 and 3.86 ±0.27 respectively,and the lowest score was providing transportation ( 3.32 ± 0.43 ).Caregiving activities of the main caregivers was correlated with their age,employment,marital status,relationship to patients,care time,charges of nursing,family income( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The main caregivers of long-term hemodialysis patients take too many caregiving acvitities,and they should be given attention from the society.

Objective To explore the change of self-management ability, health behavior intention and self-care ability of patients with diabetic foot (DF) after implementing motivational interviewing combined with phase intervention by taking nursing way. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016, 108 patients with DF treated in He'nan Provincial People's Hospital were selected by convenience sampling as subjects. All of the patients were divided into observation group and control group by the random number table, 54 cases in each group. Patients of control group accepted the educational mode of motivational interviewing. Patients of observation group adopted the educational mode of motivational interviewing combined with phase intervention. The score of self-management ability, change of health behavior intention and score of self-care ability of patients in two groups before and after intervention were compared. Results After intervention, the scores of diet control, reasonable exercise, blood glucose monitoring, smoking status, foot care of patients in observation group were higher than those in control group with significant differences (P< 0.05). The phase distribution of health behavior intention of two groups all improved after intervention. There were 20 and 19 cases in action phase and maintenance phase respectively in observation group more than those in control group with significant differences (χ2=5.684, 4.256; P< 0.05). The self-care ability of patients in two groups all improved after intervention. Moreover, the score of self-care ability of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05). Conclusions The motivational interviewing combined with phase intervention can improve the ability of self-management and self-care, promote behavior change of patients with DF and improve the quality of life of patients.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the accu-mulation of immature myeloid progenitor cells in the bone marrow,compromising of normal hematopoi-esis and ultimately resulting in bone marrow failure. Chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for all AML patients,however,drug resistance and clinical relapse limits its efficacy.The 5-year survival rate of AML patients is only 26.6%.Survival rates are even lower among patients ages 65 to 74 years (5.3%)and 75 years or older(1.6%).Therefore,exploring novel therapeutic agents is urgent for improving the outcome of patients with AML. Saponins are amphipathic glycosides found in traditional Chinese medicines. In the present study, we isolated a panel of saponins from Paris forrestii (Takht.) H. Li, a unique plant found in Tibet and Yunnan provinces, China. By examining their activities in suppressing acute myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, total saponins from Paris forrestii (TSPf) displayed more potent activity than individual ones.TSPf induced more than 40% AML cell apoptosis within 24 h and decreased the viability of all leukemia cell lines. TSPf-induced apoptosis was confirmed by both Annexin V staining and caspase-3 activation.TSPf downregulated pro-survival proteins Mcl-1,Bcl-xL and Bcl-2,but upreg-ulated the expression of tumor suppressor proteins p53,p27,Bax and Beclin 1.The AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is frequently over activated in various AML cells,and TSPf was found to suppress the activa-tion of both AKT and mTOR,but had no effects on their total protein expression.This was further con-firmed by the inactivation of 4EBP-1 and p70S6K,two typical downstream signal molecules in the AKT/mTOR pathway. More specifically, TSPf-inactivated AKT/mTOR signaling was found to be associated with downregulated RNF6, a recently identified oncogene in AML. RNF6 activated AKT/mTOR, and consistently, knockdown of RNF6 led to inactivation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Furthermore, TSPf suppressed the growth of AML xenografts in nude mice models. Oral administration of 100 mg·kg-1 body weight almost fully suppressed tumor growth within 14 d, without gross toxicity. This study thus demonstrated that TSPf displays potent anti-AML activity by suppressing the RNF6/AKT/mTOR pathway. Given its low toxicity,TSPf could be developed for the treatment of AML.

OBJECTIVETo study the dymamic accumulation of triterpenic acids production in submerged cultivation mycelium of Poria cocos.

METHODLiquid culture method of P. cocos was established and RP-HPLC was applied to determine the contents of three main triterpenic acids dehydrotumulosic acid (DTA), 3-epi-dehydrotumulosic acid (eDTA) and polyporenic acid C (PAC) in submerged cultivation mycelium P. cocos at different culture stages and the contents were compared with cultivated P. cocos. The HPLC method is as follows, column: Plastisil ODS (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm); mobile phase: ACN/0.5% phosphate (80:20); flow rate: 1.0 mL . min-1; detective wavelength: 242 nm.

RESULTThe maximum biomass occurred at the 8th d after inoluctation, however, the contents and yield of three compounds increased till the 17th day. The contents of three compounds were 1. 2% (DTA), 0. 42% (eDTA) and 1.0% (PAC) at the 17th day after inoculation, which were significantly higher than that in cultivated material [0.2% (DTA), 0. 12(eDTA) and 0. 16% (PAC) ]. Furthermore, a correlation analysis between the content ratios of three independent compounds was carried out. The results showed that DTA negatively correlated with eDTA and PAC, with R2 of 0. 857 6 and 0. 971 7, respectively, which suggested the role of DTA as an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of triterpenic acids in P. cocos.

CONCLUSIONThe sum content of three main terpenoids in submerged cultivation mycelium P. cocos was 5. 55 times as that in cultivated material, which strongly suggested the possibility of fermentation in the production of medicinally important triterpenic acids in the future.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Lanosterol ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Mycelium ; chemistry ; Poria ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

The CrylA Crystal Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis is associated with DNA, but the role and sequences of these DNA molecules are unknown. CrylA bipyramidal crystals from B. thuringiensis strain 4.0718 was selectively dissolved and associated DNA was extracted from protoxin. The DNA was digested with Nde I to obtain 3 to 5 kb fragments and then the fragments were subcloned into pMD18-T vector, screening of recombinants were done by PCR-RFLP and sequencing. The ORF of cry1Ac gene was amplified by primers designed and then subcloned. The 3.5 kb BamH I and Sal I fragments of pMDX35 was inserted into the pET30a vector, giving 8.9 kb recombinant plasmid, pETX35. ETX35 strain were obtained by transformed pETX35 into B121 (DE3). A 141 kD fusion protein was superexpressed as inclusion bodies. Quantitative protein analysis indicated that the amount of 141 kD protein was above the level of 51.36% of total cellular protein. Plasmid pHTX42 constructed from shuttle vector pHT304 was transformed B. thuringiensis acrystalliferous strain XBU001 with electroporation to obtain the recombinant HTX42. The recombinant protein was found with a molecular mass of 130 kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Scanning analysis indicated that the expressed protein accounted up to 79.28% of total cellular proteins and accumulated in the cells mounted up to 64.13% of cellular dry weight. Under Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), typical bipyramidal crystals from HTX42 strain were found with a size of 1.2 microm x 2.0 microm. Bioassay showed that these inclusion bodies of ETX35 strain and crystals from HTX42 strain were highly toxic against the larvae of Plutella xylostella. On such a base, constructing insecticidal recombinant and analyzing the source, structure, and function of the 20 kb DNA can be further achieved.
Animals ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endotoxins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Hemolysin Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Moths ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; pharmacology

Objective Expression of recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) protein in E coli,To establish a sandwich ELISA method for detecting MMP9 in sera and analyses of the difference of serum MMP9 in health population and the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods A fragment MMP9 sequence from nt 721-1 156 was amplified with PCR from the synthesized cDNAs of human liver tissues and inserted into the prokaryotic-expression plasmid pQE30.HIS-MMP9 fusion protein was expressed and purified from E coli MIS cells.The specific antibodies were elicited in rabbits and guinea pigs by immunization of the purified HIS-MMP9.After purifing antibodies with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B,a sandwich ELISA technique was established.The serum MMP9 proteins were evaluated in 227 health adults and 193 HCC patients.Results SDS-PAGE displayed that the molecular-weight of the expressed fusion protein was about 17 000.The prepared antisera were able to recognize both recombinant and endogenously expressed MMP9 from human neutrophil and HepG2 cells.It was found that the average level of MMP9 proteins in HCC patients was higher than that in health control,showing significantly statistic difference.Conclusions The established method could reflect the level of serum MMPg.The data in this study supply scientific basis of generating methodology for screening metastasis and reoccurrence of HCC, using serum MMP9 as index.

Objective To understand the present status of special reports relating to microbiology at China provincial-level annual academic conference of healthcare-associated infection (HAI), and provide basis for the training and capacity-building of HAI management staff.Methods The conference arrangements for annual academic conference of provincial HAI quality control centers and HAI management societies from January 2015 to May 2017 were collected, and the special reports on microbiology were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 35 annual academic conferences held by 17 provinces/municipalities directly under the central government/autonomous regions were included in the study, most conferences (42.31％) were concentrated on the fourth quarter. 15 annual academic conferences were related to microbiology report, accounting for 5.91％ of the total reports, reporting time accounted for 4.81％ of total time. There were various forms of microbiological thematic reports, subject reports, literature exchange, and interactive exchange accounted for 68.96％, 24.14％, and 6.90％ respectively. The proportion of topics related to microbiology reports increased to a certain extent, but the proportion of reporting time decreased.Conclusion At present, the proportion and reporting time of microbiology reports in China provincial-level annual academic conference of HAI is relatively low, it is necessary to increase the number of microbiology reports in the future annual conference of HAI.