Objective To evaluate dual-source dual-energy CT(DSCT) for the differentiation of urinary stone composition in vitro. Methods Ninety-seven urinary stones were obtained by endoscopic lithotripsy and scanned using dual-source dual-energy CT. The stones were divided into six groups according to infrared spectroscopy stone analysis: uric acid ( UA ) stones ( n = 10 ), cystine stones ( n = 5 ), struvite stones( n = 6), calcium oxalate ( CaOx ) stones ( n = 22 ), mixed UA stones ( n=7 ) and mixed calcium stones(n=47). Hounsfield units (HU) of each stone were recorded for the 80 kV and the 140 kV datasets by hand-drawing method. HU difference, HU ratio and dual energy index ( DEI ) were calculated and compared among the stone groups with one-way ANOVA. Using dual energy software to determine the composition of all stones, results were compared to infrared spectroscopy analysis. Results There were statistical differences in HU difference [(-17±13), (229±34),(309 ±45), (512 ±97), (201±64)and (530±71) HU respectively], in HU ratio (0.96±0.03, 1.34 ±0.04, 1.41 ±0.03, 1.47 ±0.03,1.30±0.07, and 1.49 ±0.03 respectively), and DEI( -0.006 ±0.004, 0.064 ±0.007, 0.080 ±0. 007, 0. 108±0.011 ,0. 055 ±0.014 and 0. 112 ±0.008 respectively ) among different stone groups(F=124. 894,407.028, 322. 864 respectively, P ＜0. 01 ). There were statistical differences in HU difference,HU ratio and DE1 between UA stones and the other groups( P ＜ 0. 01 ). There were statistical differences in HU difference, HU ratio and DEI between CaOx or mixed calcium stones and the other four groups (P＜0. 01 ). There was statistical difference in HU ratio between cystine and struvite stones ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). There were statistical differences in HU difference, HU ratio and DEI between struvite and mixed UA stones (P＜0. 05 ). Dual energy software correctly characterized 10 UA stones, 4 cystine stones, 22 CaOx stones and 6 mixed UA stones. Two struvite stones were considered to contain cystine. One cystine stone, 1 mixed UA stone, 4 struvite stones and 47 mixed calcium stones were considered to contain oxalate. Conclusions DSCT has the ability to differentiate urinary stone composition in vitro. With dual energy software, the UA, cystine and mixed UA stones can be differentiated from other types of stones.

Objective To evaluate the effieaey of test bolus technique with multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) for determining the optimal scan delay time in CT Hepatic artery (HA)-portal vein (PV) angiography and multi-phase scanning.Methods MSCT liver angiography and multi-phase scanning were performed in 187 patients divided randomly into two groups.In group A (n =59),the scan delay time was set according to the subjective experiences of operators; in group B (n=128),the scan delay time was determined by test bolus technique.Abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric,vein were selected as target blood vessels,and 50 HU was set as enhancement threshold value.20 ml contrast agent was injected intravenously and time-density curve of target blood vessels were obtained,then HA-PV scanning delay time were calculated respectively.The quality of CTA images obtained by using these 2 methods were compared and statistically analysed using Chi-square criterion.Resuits For hepatic artery phase,the images of group A are:excellent in 34(58%),good in 17(29%),and poor in 8 (13%),while those of group B are excellent in 128( 100%),good in 0(0%),and poor in 0(0%).For portal vein phase,the images of group Aare:excellent in 23(39%),good in 27(46%),and poor in 9(15%),while those of group B are excellent in 96 (75%),good in 28 (22%),and poor in 4 (3%) respectively.There was statistically significant difference between the ratios of image quality in group A and group B (X2=14.97,9.18,P < 0.05).Conclusion Accurate scan delay time was best determined by using test bolus technique,which can improve the image quality of liver angingraphy and multi-phase scanning.

OBJECTIVETo construct a DNA vaccine as a prophylactic model to prevent condyloma acuminatum and detect its immunogenicity in mice.

METHODSThe major capsid protein (L1) gene of human papillomavirus (HPV) 6b was inserted into an eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1). The recombinant plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells. Western blot were performed to detect whether L1 protein can be expressed in eukaryotic cells. Eighteen female BALB/c mice were tested for immunogenicity study.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid (pcDNA3.1-HPV6bL1) was verified as HPV6b L1 gene by sequencing. Western blot showed specific strip. Anti-L1 protein antibodies could be detected in the mice's sera inoculated with pcDNA3.1-HPV6bL1. Similarly, IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-gamma were increased in the same mice.

CONCLUSIONHPV6b L1 recombinant plasmid was constructed successfully which had immunogenicity for BALB/c mice. It provided experimental evidence for the research of DNA vaccine of condyloma acuminata.

Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; COS Cells ; Capsid Proteins ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Condylomata Acuminata ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Immunization ; Interferon-gamma ; secretion ; Interleukin-2 ; secretion ; Interleukin-4 ; secretion ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

OBJECTIVELeukemia is a major cause of death of children in China, which accounts for 50 % of all cancers of children. Data from Tianjin Cancer Hospital was analyzed for mortality of leukemia in children under 20 years from 1981 to 2000 in the city of Tianjin.

METHODSAll physicians and medical staff of the hospitals and clinics in the registry area were responsible for filling out the report forms for every new case diagnosed as malignant tumors. Death certificates for malignant tumors have been registered at the local police station and the residential files were checked. All cancer cases with insufficient information were traced to his/her family and relevant persons worked in the clinic. Tianjin Cancer Registry Center periodically conducted an active re-checking program to review all patient records on cancers that was not registered in this period. Tumors diagnosed in this study were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O). Mortality rates were calculated by age, sex and date of death.

RESULTSThe types of acute lymphoid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia were the most common types of childhood leukemia in Tianjin, comprised 69.3%, 20.9 % and 8.0%, respectively. The mortality for childhood leukemia decreased slowly during the period of 1981 to 2000 in Tianjin. Mortality and morbidity ratios were 0.51.

CONCLUSIONCombined with characteristics of individual forms of childhood leukemia mortality, further epidemiological research is needed to prevent childhood leukemia.

Adolescent ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia ; mortality ; Young Adult

Using the concepts and methods of epigenetics and metabolomics, to investigate the overall action molecular mechanism of Chrysanthemi indici C (CIC), the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) active extracts from Flos chrysanthemi indici. The inhibitory effects of CIC on proliferation and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) and HBV-DNA of HepG2.2.15 cells were detected by CCK-8 and antigen kit. The DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)/ten-eleven-translocation-2 (TET2) equilibrium was detected by ELISA. Illumina 850K methylation chip, pyrosequencing and qPCR were used to determine the action pathway and target of CIC by GO and KEGG analysis. Cell metabolites were extracted with 80% methanol, and the changes of differential metabolites, differential metabolic pathways and cell microenvironment were detected by LC-MS and other metabolomics methods. The results showed that CIC could inhibit the proliferation, HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV-DNA of HepG2.2.15 cells obviously, down-regulate DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferase 3a (DNMT3a) and DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b), up-regulate TET2, and restore the balance of DNMTs/TET2. The action targets of CIC were phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 (PIK3R3), 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (HTR2B), nerve growth factor (NGF), mainly involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation mediated regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP), phospholipase D signaling and advanced glycation end product-receptor for AGE (AGE-RAGE) signaling in diabetic complications pathways. CIC could significantly affect fatty acid metabolism and had great influence on phenolic acid, alkaloid and lipid metabolites in cell microenvironment. These results suggest that the action mechanism of CIC may be the synergistic action of multiple pathways and multiple targets, including related inflammatory pathways, immune pathways and lipid metabolism, through regulating epigenetic expression balance and restoring the balance of cell microenvironment.

OBJECTIVETo explore miRNA expression change of differentiation of mice marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes, which lay the foundation for further studies on molecular mechanism of miRNA regulating the differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes.

METHODSC57BL/6 mice MSCs were isolated, cultured through the whole bone marrow method, amplified by the differential adherent method. Cell growth was observed by morphology and the expression of superficial antigen CD29, CD44, CD34 were detected through immunohistochemistry. MSCs was induced to differentiation into adipocytes with adipocyte differentiation medium, and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs was analyzed by oil Red O staining. MicroRNA microarray was used to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs in MSCs and adipocytes.

RESULTS(1) The fifth passage of MSCs had high purity under an inverted m icroscope. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that CD29, CD44 were positive and CD34 was negative in more than 90% MSCs. There were a large number of lipid droplets in cytoplasm after MSCs were induced with adipocyte differentiation medium, Oil O staining was positive. (2) The microarray experiment showed that 75 differentially expressed miRNAs were obtained in adipocytes compared with MSCs, 20 up-regulated and 55 down-regulated miRNAs were observed among them.

CONCLUSIONThere was a expression change of miRNA of differentiation of MSCs into adipocytes, some miRNAs might play important roles in MSCs adipogenic differentiation.

Adipocytes ; cytology ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic value of imageology of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath (GCTS) including X-ray, CT and MRI.

METHODSThirty-five patients with GCTTS confirmed by operation and pathology were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 19 females. The average age was 39.4 years, ranged from 7 to 66 years. All the patients underwent X-ray examination, 8 patients underwent CT examination, and 16 patients underwent MRI examination.

RESULTSThere were 2 patients in knee joint, 6 patients in ankle joint, 1 patient in capitulum radius, 2 patients in wrist joint, 14 patients in hand and 10 patients in foot. Ten cases were the diffuse form, and 25 cases were the focal form. The X-ray results: the slightly high density soft tissue mass surrounding the bone were shown in 32 cases, 3 cases were normal. The bone erosion were shown in 9 cases, the obvious destruction of bone were shown in 5 cases. CT results: The soft tissue mass and the destruction of bone were shown clearly. MRI results: On T1WI, the signal intensity of GCTTS almost was similar to those of skeletal muscle in 9 cases and was slightly lower than those of skeletal muscle in 7 cases. On T2WI, the signal intensity presented mainly hypointensity with patchy isointensity or hyperintensity signal. A little of fluid was shown in 6 cases.

CONCLUSIONX-ray can demonstrate the lesion and erosion of bone, destruction of bone can clearly be shown on CT. The low intensity signal on MRI T1WI and T2WI is the characteristic appearance of GCTTS. And it can clearly show the lesion range and type of GCTTS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Giant Cell Tumors ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Tendons ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The applications accepted and approved by general program, young scientist fund and fund for less developed region of national natural science funds in the discipline of Chinese materia medica, NSFC in 2012 have been introduced. The research contents of the funded projects in the popular research areas have been summarized and the problems in the applications have been analyzed to give a reference to the scientists in the field of Chinese materia medica.
China ; Financing, Organized ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Laboratory Personnel ; economics ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Natural Science Disciplines ; economics ; manpower ; organization & administration

Objective To understand the phenotypic characteristics of foodbome Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Guangdong province through carrying out a comprehensive comparison including pulse field gel electrophoresis,ribotyping and serotyping.Methods 74 different Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seafood and cases due to food poisoning in Guangdong province were under serotyping and susceptibility testing,in addition to the testing of direct heat hemolysin(tdh)and the heat hemolysin-related hemolysin hormone(trh)via PCR.Ribosomal genotyping(ribotyping)with EcoR Ⅰ restriction enzyme was utilized on 74 different Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates,whereas pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)with the Not Ⅰ restriction enzyme was used on 74 different Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.BioNumerics software was used to compare the isolates from different sources,times and places in order to elicit the correlation between different strains.Results Although Vibrio parahaemolyticus was 100.00％ sensitive to chloramphenicol,it still presented different levels of resistance against 13 other antibiotics.Among the 74 different strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus under testing,24.32％ showed positive for the tdh virulence gene,whereas 4.05％ positive for trh.74 different Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were found to belong to 26 serotypes,where the O5:K17 and O2:K28 serotypes were dominant in those isolates that causing seafood-poisoning.The O3:K6 serotype was found to be the dominant of those isolates that causing food-poisoning.Based on ribosomal genotyping,the 74 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were divided into 62 different ribotypes,whereas the 74 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were divided into 67 different PFGE types,thus exhibiting considerable genetic diversities of the strains.Conclusion Majority of the isolates causing food-poisoning carried tdh virulence gene.PFGE was shown to have the highest resolution,followed by ribotyping with serotyping being the lowest,where the combination of the three could improve the resolution.

Objective To evaluate the effect of personnel activities and air purifiers on airborne microorganisms and particulate matter in bronchoscopy room.Methods According to whether there was personal activity and air purifier in the bronchoscopy room,the experiment was divided into four groups:dynamic non-purification group,dynamic purification group,static non-purification group,and static purification group,indoor air samples were collected and analyzed at five different time points (0,0.5,1,2,4 h),microorganisms in the air were collected by planktonic method,then cultured and counted,concentration of particulate matter was determined by DT-9881M laser dust particle counter,variance analysis of factorial design was used for statistical analysis.Results Colony count/concentration of airborne bacteria,fungi,total microorganisms (bacteria + fungi),PM2.5,and PM2.5-10.0 in dynamic non purification group were (113.53 ± 7.78) CFU/m3,(89.67 ± 7.17) CFU/m3,(203.20 ± 10.92) CFU/m3,(86 557.20 ±4 158.29) counts/m3,and (659.69 ± 38.91) counts/m3 respectively,in static non-purification group were (84.33 ± 3.65) CFU/m3,(65.00 ± 2.65)CFU/m3,(149.33 ± 4.98) CFU/m3,(45 812.64 ±1 279.61) counts/m3,and (189.15 ± 4.64) counts/m3 respectively,in dynamic purification group were (84.80 ±8.08) CFU/m3,(90.40 ± 5.50) CFU/m3,(175.20 ± 9.22) CFU/m3,(49 336.38 ± 2 039.16) counts/m3,and (218.36 ± 7.02) counts/m3 respectively,in static purification group were (67.80 ± 5.63) CFU/m3,(38.27 ± 3.70)CFU/m3,(106.07 ± 6.76) CFU/m3,(29 772.53 ± 2 212.93) counts/m3,and (124.80 ± 7.16) counts/m3 respectively.Colony count/concentration of airborne bacteria,total microorganisms,PM2.5,and PM2.s 10.0 in dynamic group were all higher than those in static group,non-purification group were higher than purification group(both P ＜0.05),colony count of fungi in dynamic non-purification group was higher than static non-purification group,in static purification group was lower than static non-purification group(both P＜0.05),there was no significant difference between dynamic purification group and dynamic non-purification group (P =0.936).Conclusion Personal activities can increase colony count/concentration of microorganisms and particulate matter in bronchoscopy room,air purifier can reduce the bacteria,total microbial count,and particulate matter in the air of bronchoscopy room.