Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; drug therapy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective:To develop a framework for a national system of elderly health standards in response to population aging in China and to meet the need for health service standards for elderly care, thus providing a roadmap for the development of elderly health standards.Methods:Preliminary indicators for a framework of a Chinese elderly health standards system were established by literature review and expert consultations.Using the Delphi method, we invited 23 experts to form a consultation panel.After two rounds of expert consultations, the preliminary framework was updated and the weight of each indicator was calculated by using the analytic hierarchy process.Results:A framework of the Chinese elderly health standards system was established after two rounds of expert consultations.The expert authority coefficient was 0.847.The framework proposed four primary indicators, including basic health standards, medical service standards, public health standards and social support standards, for the elderly, with a weight of 0.204, 0.346, 0.260 and 0.189 for each indicator.There were 22 secondary indicators, including standardized terminologies, medical services, health education, geriatrics personnel training, etc., for elderly care.Conclusions:Our research has generated a preliminary framework of an elderly health standards system that incorporates China's specific issues, takes into consideration of the needs of various parties and covers many relevant aspects.It will provide the basis for decision-making in the elderly health standardization process in China and safeguard the implementation of the Healthy China strategy.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features, treatment and diagnosis of parapelvic cyst.

METHODSTwenty-three patients of parapelvic cyst of the kidney were reviewed retrospectively. Fourteen cases (61%) complained of lumbar pain or discomfort, and 4 patients (17%) accompany hematuria and hypertension.

RESULTSIn 15 patients receiving surgery, 2 were treated by nephrectomy, one by radical nephrectomy for misdiagnosis. Postoperative diagnosis confirmed a cyst. Eight patients were treated conservatively for cyst being small and without clinical symptoms. Nineteen cases were followed up for 0.5 - 12.0 years.

CONCLUSIONSUltrasonography and CT scan are the main diagnostic methods. Enhanced CT is extremely helpful in differential diagnosis of hydronephrosis. Surgical management is suitable for big cysts, lumbar pain, hematuria, hypertension and other complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and the strategy for the diagnosis and treat- ment of bilateral testicular tumor.Methods The clinical data (including the signs and symptoms,imaging studies,tumor markers,treatment modalities and histopatbologic diagnoses) of 10 cases of bilateral testicular tumor from January 1980 to December 2004 were reviewed.Their age ranged from 19 to 58 years(mean,34 years).Of the 10 cases,8 with metachronous and 2 with synchronous testicular tumors were identified.The clinical stages at the primary and secondary tumor diagnosis were:5 cases of stageⅠ,3 of stageⅡ;and 6 cases of stageⅠ,1 of stageⅡ,and 1 of stageⅢ,respectively,in 8 metachronous tumor patients.Two syn- chronous tumor patients were both identified as stageⅠdisease.Histological examination showed the primary tumor (seminoma) in 4 cases and the secondary contralateral tumor (seminoma) in 3.Results Two syn- chronous tumor patients underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy simultaneously,and 8 underwent orchiectomy successively.Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed in 3 cases.Postoperatively,hypogonadism occurred in 10 patients,and 7 of them received androgen replacement therapy.Follow-up ranged from 9 month to 23 years with a mean of 10.5 years.Two patients died of the disease;2 had metastasis (1 of them was alive with metastasis);2 had recurrences and underwent local resection.Conclusions Metachronous bilateral testicular cancers are more common than synchronous bilateral testicular cancers.Seminoma was the most common histopathologic type.Testis-sparing surgery can be performed in selected cases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; Adult ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Genes, myc ; HIV ; isolation & purification ; HIV Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related ; drug therapy ; genetics ; surgery ; virology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of Hejie Decoction (HJD) in treating chronic hepatitis B and its relationship with T-cell receptor V beta 7 (TCRV beta 7) gene expression.

METHODSForty-five patients of chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into two groups. The 30 patients in the treated group were treated by HJD, and the 15 patients in the control group were treated by conventional western medicine. The therapeutic effect and changes of TCRV beta 7 gene expression after treatment were observed.

RESULTSAfter 6 months treatment, the ALT level in the two groups were obviously decreased (P < 0.01). No significant difference was shown in comparison of the total effective rate between the two groups but it did show in comparison of markedly effective rate between them. TCRV beta 7 expression was detected in 5 patients of the treated group, and HBV-DNA and HBeAg in the 5 patients were all negatively converted. While in the control group, no one had TCRV beta 7 expression detected, either no one with negative conversion of HBV-DNA and HBeAg. TCRV beta 7 could not be detected in all the patients whose HBV-DNA and HBeAg hasn't negatively converted, though their liver function could be normalized.

CONCLUSIONHJD might have the effect of regulation on TCRV beta 7 expression, it possibly is the important way for HBV replication inhibition and virucidal action of HJD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta ; genetics ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the experience on diagnosis and treatment of multiple adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA).

METHODSEighteen cases of multiple adrenal APA were analyzed retrospectively, which were admitted from October 1992 to April 2006.

RESULTSAdrenalectomy was performed for 4 cases of unilateral synchronous multiple APA, which were discovered with three adenomas by 3D-CT; bilateral tumor resection was performed for 6 cases of bilateral synchronous multiple APA. There were 8 cases of bilateral metachronous multiple APA, including 2 cases of ipsilateral recurrent adrenal APA after adrenal tumor removal, which underwent tumor resection. Another 6 cases were contralateral APA following adrenalectomy due to adrenal APA, and underwent tumor resection. After operation, the adrenal function seemed to be normal, and no recurrence had been found on follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSUnilateral multiple synchronous APA require adrenalectomy. Tumor resection should be performed for bilateral or asynchronous APA, and it is very important to preserve healthy adrenal tissue as much as possible. 3D-CT has much value on diagnosis of small APA, unilateral multiple synchronous APA and ipsilateral recurrent adrenal APA.

Adenoma ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; Adult ; Aldosterone ; blood ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; blood ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVEErectile dysfunction-no sexual life (ED-NS) is defined as the inability to have enough penile erection hardness and duration so as to have enough confidence in attempting sexual intercourse for more than six months. This study was to investigate the effect of daily low-dose tadalafil on ED-NS.

METHODSWe treated 35 ED-NS patients aged 17-35 (25.9 +/- 3.9) years with oral tadalafil at 5 mg qd for 3 months and followed them up for another 3 months after drug withdrawal. We obtained the scores of the patients on Self-estimation Index of Erectile Function-No Sexual Life (SIEF-NS) and compared them before and after medication and at 3 months after drug withdrawal.

RESULTSThe patients' SIEF-NS scores were 43.2 +/- 7.1 after medication and 42.1 +/- 7.4 at 3 months after drug withdrawal, both significantly higher than 21.2 +/- 5.9 before treatment (P < 0.05), though there was no significant difference between the former two scores (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDaily medication of low-dose tadalafil can significantly improve the erectile function of the patients with ED-NS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Sexual Behavior ; Tadalafil ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate an alternative landmark for thoracic vertebral screw insertion using the nutrient artery entrance on the posterolateral wall of thoracic vertebral bodies, and to discuss its clinical significance.

METHODSTwenty normal adult cadaver thoracic vertebral specimens were obtained randomly. Measurements included the number of nutrient artery entrance on left and right wall of thoracic vertebral bodies from T5 to T12, the diameter of the maximal nutrient artery entrance (d), the distance from nutrient artery entrance to the superior (A) or posterior (B) margin of the vertebral body, the distance between the posterior edge of the vertebral body and the nutrient artery entrance line (C) or the upper costal facet line (D). The length between left and right nutrient artery entrance (a) or costal facet (b) was measured too.

RESULTSFrom T5 to T12, the nutrient artery entrance were all underneath the upper costal facet. There were no significant differences between left and right side of anatomic measurements of each vertebral body from T5 to T12. The distance of A increased from T5 to T12, and the diameter and distance of B were no significant differences from T5 to T12. There were significant differences between the value C and the value D from T5 to T10.

CONCLUSIONSThe anatomical position of the nutrient artery entrance is relatively settled, and it could be used as a new landmark for screw placement.

Adult ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Bone Screws ; Cadaver ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of reversal of multidrug resistance in renal carcinoma cells by protein kinase C inhibitor.

METHODSRT-PCR, Western blot and inverted fluorescent microscopy were used to determine the expression of PKCalpha and MDR related gene MDR1, MRP1, LRP in RCC cells transferred by PKCalpha cDNA. Also effects of activator and inhibitor of PKC in combination with adriamycin on multidrug resistance in RCC cells were evaluated by MTT.

RESULTSThe results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of MDR1 was higher in RCC cells transferred by PKCalpha cDNA than in RCC cells, the reversal effectiveness of PKC inhibitors in combination with adriamycin (ADM) was apparently favorable. IC(50) of ADM in 786 - 0 cells was 7.8015e(-7) (5.7046e(-7) to 1.0669e(-6)); IC(50) of ADM in PKCalpha/786 - 0 cells was 1.6588e(-6) (1.1621e(-6) to 2.3677e(-6)); IC(50) of ADM in combination with PMA in PKCalpha/786 - 0 cells was 2.6794e(-6) (2.0521e(-6) to 3.4983e(-6)); IC(50) of ADM in combination with calphostin C in PKCalpha/786 - 0 cells was 9.2506e(-8) (5.9337e(-8) to 1.4422e(-7)).

CONCLUSIONPKC inhibitors can reverse multidrug resistance in renal carcinoma cells in vitro via changes of expression of MDR1.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Naphthalenes ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Protein Kinase C-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Transfection