Using a UPLC-MS/MS (MRM) and cocktail probe substrates method, the metabolic fingerprint of the compatibility of Radix Aconite (RA) and Radix Paeoniae Alba (RPA) and its effect on CYP450 enzymes were investigated. These main CYP isoforms include CYP 1A2, CYP 2C, CYP 2E1, CYP 2D and CYP 3A. Compared with the inhibition effect of RA decoctions on CYP450 isoforms, their co-decoctions of RA and RPA with different proportions can decrease RA' inhibition on CYP3A, CYP2D, CYP2C and CYP1A2, but can not reduce RA' effect on CYP2E1. The metabolic fingerprints of RA decoction and co-decoctions with different proportions of RPA in CYP450 of rat liver were analyzed by UPLC-MS. Compared with the metabolic fingerprints of RA decoction, the intensity of diester-diterpenoid aconitum alkaloids decreased significantly, while the intensity of monoester-diterpenoid alkaloids significantly increased in the metabolic fingerprints of co-decoctions of RA and RPA. The results suggest that RA coadministration with RPA increased the degradation of toxic alkaloid and show the effect of toxicity reducing and efficacy enhancing.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Metabolome ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the effects on the condition of nutrition and immunologic function of gastric cancer treated with the insertion of jejunal nutrient canal after total gastrectomy.Methods In this study 113 gastric cancer patients were randomly divided into enteral nutrition group (the group of the fine-needle/catheter jejunostomy during operation,FCJ group) and parenteral nutrition group (PN group) after total gastrectomy.Evacuating time and postoperative complications were observed and relative laboratory parameters were measured prior to surgery (preoperative) and on days 3 and 7 postoperatively.Results The evacuating time in enteral nutrition group was shorter than that in parenteral nutrition group significantly[(4.1±2.2) d vs.(5.1 ±2.0) d,t =2.156,P =0.037];Serum level of prealbumin[( 18 ± 7 ) mg/dl vs.( 14 ± 7 ) mg/dl,t =2.370,P =0.022]and transferring[(205 ±45 ) mg/dl vs.( 186 ± 39 ) mg/dl,t =3.665,P =0.001]in enteral nutrition group on postoperative day 7 was higher than that in parenteral nutrition group;Serum IgA[( 2.3 ± 1.0 ) g/L vs.( 1.9 + 0.7 ) g/L,t =2.178,P=0.034],lgM[(1.4 ±0.4) g/L vs.(1.0 ±0.4) g/L,t=2.124,P=0.039]and IgG[(9.5 ±1.9) g/L vs.(9.0 ± 2.3 ) g/L,t =2.189,P =0.033]were higher in enteral nutrition group than that in parenteral nutrition group;The incidence of postoperative alimentary dysfunction in enteral nutrition group was lower than that in parenteral nutrition group( 3％ vs.13％,x2 =3.962,P =0.048).Conclusions It is safe and convenient to use early postoperative enteral nutrition support by fine-needle/catheter jejunostomy (FCJ) in gastric cancer patients immediately after total gastrectomy.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of expandable intramedullary nail(EIMN) versus locked compression plate (LCP) in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures of AO types A and B.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and compared of the 44 humeral shaft fractures which had been treated between May 2012 and February 2016.There were 26 men and 18 women,from 23 to 66 years of age (average,41.5 years).By AO classification,22 cases were type 12-A and 22 type 12-B.EINM was used in 22 patients with an average age of 41.3 ± 1 1.7 years and LCP in 22 ones with an average age of 41.6 ± 10.3 years.The 2 groups were compared in terms of intraoperative blood loss,operative time,hospital stay,union time,union rate,Constant and Mayo scores at the final follow-ups,and complications as well.Results The 2 groups were compatible without significant differences in the preoperative demographic data (P ＞ 0.05).All the 44 patients were followed up for 10 to 18 months (average,12 months).The intraoperative blood loss (76.4 ± 18.66 mL),operative time (69.1 ± 13.2 min),incision length (5.8 ± 1.5 cm) and union time (13.2 ± 8.4 w) in the EIMN group were significantly better than those in the LCP group (138.6 ± 39.4 mL,96.4 ± 14.2 min,8.5 ± 1.4 cm and 18.4 ± 6.6 w,respectively) (P ＜ 0.05).There was also a significant difference between the 2 groups in the total complication rate[18.2％ (4/22) versus 50.0％ (11/22)] (P ＜0.05).No deep infection or should pain was observed in either group.Conclusions Inthe treatment of humeral shaft fractures of AO types 42-A and 42-B,compared with LCP,EIMN may have advantages of less intraoperative blood loss,operative time,union time and complications.The 2 methods are similar in hospital stay and final functional recovery of the should joint.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Scalp acupuncture on serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β concentrations, and incidence rates of postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive function (POCD) of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.

METHODSEighty-four patients undergoing scheduled hip replacement under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were assigned to the control group (group C) and the scalp acupuncture group (group S) according to random digit table, 42 cases in each group. In group S, scalp acupuncture was additionally performed according to International Standardized Scheme for Scalp Acupuncture. Scalp acupuncture was performed during the operation from the MS1 middle line of forehead [1 cun before Shenting (GV24), including Shenting (GV24)] and MS5 middle line of vertex [from Baihui (DU20) to Qianding (DU21), including Baihui (DU20) and Qianding (DU21)]. The operation time and post-operative length of stay were observed. The midazolam dosage, hemorrhage amount, fluid transfusion amount, urine amount, use rates of ephedrine and atropine during the operation were also observed and compared between the two groups. The occurrence rate of POD and POCD at post-operative day 3 (T₁), week 1 (T₂), month 3 (T₃), and month 6 (T₄) were measured. Eighteen patients were randomly selected to collect blood from internal jugular vein before anesthesia t₀), immediately after ending the surgery (t₁), 6 h after operation (t₂), 24 h after operation (t₃), and 48 h after operation (t₄), respectively. Serum levels of NSE and S-100β were correspondingly measured.

RESULTSThere was no statistical difference in the operation time, midazolam dosage used during the operation, hemorrhage amount, fluid transfusion amount, urine amount, use rates of ephedrine and atropine (P > 0.05). Compared with group C, the post-operative length of stay was shortened in group S (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of POD and that of POCD at each time point were lower in group S (P < 0.05). The expression level of NSE decreased at t₂, t3, and t₄, and the expression level of S100β also decreased at t₁, t₂, t₃, and t₄(P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in expression levels of NSE or S100β between the two groups at other time points (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONScalp acupuncture could attenuate central nervous system lesion and improve POCD of elderly patients undergoing hip replacement.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Cognition ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; blood ; Scalp

OBJECTIVEPPAR-gamma is associated with the differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation and cytokine secretion of immunologic cells. This study investigated peripheral blood lymphoblastic PPAR-gamma mRNA expression and its correlation with plasma IL-13 contents in children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

METHODSFifty-three children with acute ITP who were in line with the standard test between September 2007 and July 2008 were enrolled. Fifty healthy children during the same period were used as the control group. PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes were detected by RT-PCR. Plasma IL-13 contents were detected using ELISA.

RESULTSPPAR-gamma mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes from acute ITP children were significantly higher than that in the control group (0.78 +/- 0.03 vs 0.52 +/- 0.05; P< 0.05). Plasma IL-13 contents in children with acute ITP were also significantly higher than those in the control group (160.21 +/- 34.26 pg/mL vs 121.42 +/- 12.69 pg/mL; P< 0.05). There was a positive correlation between plasma IL-13 level and lymphoblastic PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in children with ITP (r=0.89, P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPPAR-gamma mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes increased and were positively correlated with plasma IL-13 contents in children with acute ITP, suggesting that PPAR-gamma and IL-13 might participate in the pathogenesis of acute ITP.

Acute Disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-13 ; blood ; physiology ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; PPAR gamma ; genetics ; physiology ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; etiology ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo estimate the number of drug users in Hongjiang, Hunan and to develop strategy for drug reduction in the future.

METHODSTwo capture-recapture methods were used to estimate the numbers of drug addicts. Random stratified sampling survey was used to verify the optimum allocation. The first capture-recapture method (CR1) referred to the number from optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey conducted in the communities and the number from local Public Security Bureau list being the second capture. The second capture-recapture method (CR2) referred to the collection of records in the detoxification unit with an interval of 4 months. The estimated number was calculated under Seber's adjustment formula. Face to face interview was carried out during the optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey process.

RESULTSOf 1388 interviewed in the communities, 24 (1.73%) were identified as drug addicts under the optimum allocation random stratified sampling survey. When the figure 1.73% was applied to the total population (72,709) in Hongjiang, the result yielded an estimation of 1258 drug addicts. The estimated numbers of CR1 and CR2 were 904 and 1069 respectively. However, the number was 1.3 to 1.6 fold higher than the reported number (687) by local Public Security Bureau.

CONCLUSIONThe capture-recapture method seemed a better method in estimating the number of drug addicts.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Needle Sharing ; Population Surveillance ; methods ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; epidemiology

Objective To construct an adenoviral vector carrying the gene encoding ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). Methods The gene fragment encoding CNTF was amplified from pMEG-CNTF plasmid by PCR and the Psp-CNTF-IRES-GFP and PDC316-CNTF-IRES-GFP plasmids were constructed. Using PDC316-CNTF-IRES-GFP and PBHG plasmids, the Ad-CNTF-IRES-GFP vector was constructed, and the constructed vector was amplified, purified and identified in 293-LP cells. Ectopic overexpression of CNTF was induced using the constructed vector in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to investigate the role of CNTF in promoting remyelination. Results The Ad-CNTF-IRES-GFP vector was successfully constructed with a pfu of 2.3x1011. CNTF concentration in the MSCs transfeeted with Ad-CNTF-IRES-GFP vector was 20-fold higher than that in either non-transfected or Ad-EGFP-transfected MSCs. Conclusion The constructed Ad-CNTF-IRES-GFP vector allows CNTF overexpression in human MSCs by 20 folds, which provides a strategy for gene therapy targeting CNTF.

OBJECTIVETo detect the cancer stem cells and to evaluate their prognostic implication in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

METHODSThree phenotypic markers of cancer stem cells (SP-C, CCSP and OCT4) in lung adenocarcinoma were detected by immunofluorecence staining. The correlation among the clinicopathological parameters and phenotypes of cancer stem cells as well as survival were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard method.

RESULTSOf the 57 cases, cancer stem cells were detected in 52, including OCT4(+) bronchioloalveolar stem cell (BASC) phenotype (SP-C(+) CCSP(+) OCT4(+)) in 40 cases and OCT4(-) BASC phenotype (SP-C(+) CCSP(+) OCT4(-)) in 12 cases. Statistical analysis revealed that the phenotype of cancer stem cells was related with the cellular differentiation, i.e. the OCT4(+) BASC phenotype occurred more frequently in the well-differentiated tumors, while the OCT4(-) BASC phenotype usually presented in most of the poorly-differentiated ones. Cox analysis showed that the OCT4(+) BASC phenotype was one of prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONThe lung adenocarcinoma stem cells have phenotypic features of bronchioalveolar stem cells (SP-C(+) CCSP(+)). The expression of self-renewal regulatory gene OCT4 in these cells indicates an aggressive nature and unfavorable prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phenotype ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C ; genetics ; metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Uteroglobin ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) transfected with recombinant adenovirus-mediated ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) gene in C57BL/6 mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).

METHODSAn adenovirus vector containing CNTF gene Ad-CNTF-IRES-GFP was constructed and transfected in the MSCs (MSC-CNTF). After examination of CNTF expression, the transfected cells were transplanted in C57BL/6 mice with MOG 35-55-induced EAE, which were monitored for the changes in the symptoms scores. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), inteferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-12P35 (IL-12P35), and IL-10 in the peripheral blood of the mice were detected, and the number of MSC-CNTF cells in the spleen and spinal cord was counted. CD3+ T cell infiltration and TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma expressions in the lesions were also observed after the cell transplantation.

RESULTSCNTF gene transfection resulted in significantly increased CNTF expression in the MSCs. The mice receiving MSC-CNTF transplantation exhibited significantly improved symptoms with shortened disease course and lessened disease severity. The cell transplantation also resulted in significantly decreased peripheral blood TNF-alpha levels, ameliorated CD3+T cell infiltrations and lowered TNF-alpha expression in the lesions, while the levels of IFN-gamma underwent no significant changes.

CONCLUSIONTransplantation of CNTF gene-transfected MSCs results in decreased peripheral blood TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels and reduced inflammatory cells, CD3-positive cells and TNF-alpha expression in the lesion of EAE, therefore providing better effect than MSCs in relieving the symptoms of EAE in mice.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; metabolism ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; therapy ; Female ; Genetic Therapy ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Random Allocation ; Stromal Cells ; metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVETo explore and improve the diagnosis and treatment of benign hyperplasia tumor-like hepatic lesion.

METHODSThe clinical data of 72 patients who had undergone hepatic resection for benign non-cystic hepatic lesions between January 1987 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 46 male and 26 female patients. The median age was 49 years (ranging 15 to 72 years), and diagnosis were confirmed by postoperative pathological examination. Thirty-four cases had symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort in right upper quadrant, fever, fatigue. All the cases had undergone hepatic resection; totally 78 lesions were removed. The surgical procedure including hepatic lobectomy for 13 cases, hepatic segmentectomy for 19 cases and non-anatomy resection for 39 cases.

RESULTSThe finally diagnosis included focal nodular hyperplasia in 47 cases, adenomatous hyperplasia in 3 cases, hepatic dysplastic nodule in 3 cases, inflammatory pseudotumor in 3 cases, hepatic granuloma in 4 cases, nodular cirrhosis in 3 cases, hepatitis nodule in 6 cases, nodular regenerative hyperplasia in 1 case, lymphoid hyperplasia in 1 case. The postoperative complication rate was low (19.4%, 14/72). The follow-up period was 6 to 96 months. There was no mortality caused by lesion. One patient developed recurrence after 3 years.

CONCLUSIONSIt is suggested that symptomatic lesions, lesions when malignancy cannot be excluded, and lesions which have canceration tendency, just like adenomatous hyperplasia, dysplastic nodule, and nodular cirrhosis regenerative hyperplasia need surgical resection. Operation is not necessary for other nodular hyperplasia lesions if the diagnoses are identified.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Focal Nodular Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult