To investigate effect of fatigue and anticipation on lower extremity joint load during a side-cutting maneuver in female collegiate soccer players, thirteen female collegiate soccer players whose right leg dominant participated in this study. Three dimensional motion analysis system and a force plate were used to record the 45degrees side cutting maneuver. In the first, anticipated and unanticipated cutting were measured in the pre-fatigue condition. Second, participations performed the fatigue protocol by the squat exercise with weight lifting. And then, two different type of cutting task were measured again after fatigue condition. The cutting direction let known before start their running in case of the anticipated cutting, the random signal of cutting direction were presented in the unanticipated condition. In the results, the most influential variable was anticipation factor. Lower limb angles represented significantly flexed posture during unanticipated cutting than anticipated condition. Maximum knee flexion moment represented significantly higher in unanticipated cutting than anticipated cutting. Adduction and internal rotation moment of lower limb joint decreased in unanticipated cutting. Fatigue factor was influenced by the initial contact angles of the ankle joint. Lower limb angles at the initial ground contact indicated more erect posture in post-fatigue condition. The unanticipation factor had more effect on locomotors ability of lower limb in this study. Therefore, the sensory-motor training to adapt to unanticipated situation should be considered for the injury prevention training program.
Ankle Joint ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Fatigue ; Female ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Leg ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Lower Extremity ; Posture ; Running ; Soccer ; Weight Lifting

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical results of an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with those of a mini-open repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients with a rotator cuff tear were enrolled in this study. Thirty patients had an arthroscopic repair and 33 patients underwent a mini-open repair. The average age was 50 years (range, 23-74) in the arthroscopic group and 50 years (range, 38-69) in the mini-open group. In the arthroscopic group, 8 patients had small-sized tears (<1 cm), 18 patients had medium tears (1-3 cm), and 4 patients had large tears (3-5 cm). In the mini-open group, 12 patients had small tears, 19 patients had medium tears, and 2 patients had large tears. The average follow-up period in the arthroscopic and mini-open groups was 39 (range, 24-77) and 40 months (range, 24-64), respectively. RESULTS: The level of shoulder pain [1.10 vs. 1.45, p>0.05], the range of motion, muscle strength, patient's satisfaction, the ASES score [91.7 vs. 88.6, p>0.05] and the UCLA score [32.4 vs. 31.2, p>0.05] were compared. The size of the tear did not produce different results. In the arthroscopic group, the tendon tore again in one patient, and one anchor-related complication was noted. In the mini-open group, one patient developed a stiff shoulder. CONCLUSION: An arthroscopic and a mini-open repair of rotator cuff tears produced similar clinical results and the size of the tear had little effect. The clinical results depend on the surgical technique and the patient's condition, rather than the method of repair.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Muscle Strength ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain ; Tendons