Carotid artery stenosis is identified more and more common in clinical,and gradually become one of the causes of death and disablement.With the continuous development of medical technology,and medical device and apparatus equipment,surgical therapy and endovascular therapy have become one of the major principal methods in treatment of carotid artery stenosis.This article briefly discusses the current several processes and techniques of the surgical and endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis disease,and carries on the evaluation.

Fetal-type posterior cerebral artery is a common embryonic derivation type of the Willis.This article reviews the definition and typing of the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery,and its relationship with collateral circulation,ischemic stroke,and intracranial aneurysm,etc.

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) with infarction distribution and stroke severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThe patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled.They were divided into either a FTP group or a non-FTP group according to the results of magnetic resonance imaging.The former group was further divided into complete FTP (cFTP) and partial FTP (pFTP).According to the results of diffusion-weighted imaging, the infarction distribution was divided into the territory of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), posterior cerebral artery (PCA), and vertebrobasilar artery.According to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the stroke severity was assessed, <8 was defined as mild stroke, and ≥8 was defined as moderate to severe stroke.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations of FTP with infarction distribution and stroke severity.ResultsA total of 647 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled, and 201 (31.1%) had FTP, including 162 (25.0%) cFTP and 39 (6.0%) pFTP.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that cFTP and pFTP were the independent risk factors for MCA infarction (cFTP: odds ratio [OR] 24.714, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.952-45.766, P<0.001;pFTP: OR 14.526, 95% CI 6.832-25.931, P<0.001), and the independent protective factors for PCA infarction (cFTP: OR 0.214, 95% CI 0.022-0.531, P<0.001;pFTP: OR 0.326, 95% CI 0.018-0.739, P<0.001), they were also the independent risk factor for the severity of acute ischemic stroke (cFTP: OR 22.138, 95% CI 12.492-64.067, P<0.001;cFTP: OR 19.510, 95% CI 8.956-23.514, P<0.001).ConclusionscFTP and pFTP are the independent risk factors for MCA infarction, and the independent protective factors for PCA infarction, and at the same time, they were also the independent risk factors for the moderate to severe stroke.FTP is associated with the infarction distribution and the stroke severity in acute ischemic stroke.

The ?-adrenoceptor densities and cAMP contents of the lung tissues ofthe experimental allergic asthmatic guinea pigs with and without treatment of galvano-acupuncture were measured by radioligand binding and protein binding assays. The relaxreaction of lung and tracheal strips toward isoproterenal were measused by pharmacological assay. The results were as follows: (1) The ?-receptors densities and cAMP contentsin lung tissues of asthmatic guinea pigs were both lower than those of the normal controls(P

The suppressive effect of anti-KDR antibody against VEGF on proliferation of hemangioma-derived vascular endothelial cells (HVECs) was investigated. HVECs from one case of hemangioma in proliferative phase were cultured. Both primary culture and sub-culture were conducted in M199 medium. The HVECs of passage 3 were divided into 4 groups based on the concentrations of anti-KDR antibody. Cell count was performed and inhibitory rate of HVECs was measured before and 9 days after interference. The results showed that the number of HVECs in the anti-KDR antibody-treated groups was significantly decreased and the inhibitory rate of HVECs by anti-KDR antibody (50, 10 and 2 microg/mL) was 84%, 63% and 39% respectively at 9th day after interference, with the difference being significant. In the control group, the number of HVECs was increased significantly. In was concluded that the anti-KDR antibody could suppress the activity of VEGF through blocking the KDR, indicating the potential clinical applications of anti-KDR antibody in the treatment of hemangioma.
Antibodies/*pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular/*pathology ; Hemangioma/*pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/*immunology

Fraction absorbed (Fa) is an important parameter to describe the absorption level of oral drugs, and an important basis for the development and optimization of the formulation process. Because it is easily confused with the concept of absolute bioavailability, it has not received enough attention from the industry. There are many complex factors affecting Fa. There are three time-related factors that directly affect the extent of Fa: the release time, the absorption time, and the residence time. The relationship between these three time-related factors determines the extent of Fa. Generally, we are more concerned about the apparent factors that affect the extent of Fa, including independent variables and covariates; The independent variables include administered dose, route, dosage form, etc. The covariates are divided into internal and external factors, and external factors include food factors, drug interactions, etc. Internal causes include age, sex, disease, etc. This paper analyzes and systematically combs how independent variables and covariates directly or indirectly affect the three time-related factors by affecting the body's physiology and internal environment, thus changing the complex process of Fa. Understanding this theoretical framework can better optimize the independent variables to reduce the impact of covariates on Fa. In addition, this paper also introduces the latest progress of prediction and evaluation of Fa, including the progress of complex dissolution device and the status of software prediction.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of primary splenic tumor. Methods The clinical data of 43 cases of primary splenic tumor patients treated in our hospital between January 1990 to January 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The detectable rate of B-US was 95.3% and that of CT was 96.6%. All the 43 patients included 28 with benign tumors and 15 with malignant ones. The median follow-up period was 6.8 years(2 months-15 years). The 5-year overall survival of benign tumor was 100% and The 1-,3-and 5-year overall survival rates of malignant tumor were 80%, 53.3 % and 26.7%, respectively. Conclusion The image methods such as B-US and CT are the main diagnostic methods for primary splenic tumor. Early diagnosis, radical operation and combined therapy are important for improving the prognosis of the tumor.

BACKGROUND:Conventional prosthetic vessel replacement has been gradually replaced by endovascular covered stent graft exclusion in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).However,whether it has advantages over conventional prosthetic vessel replacement in clinical curative effects and biocempatibility produced in the implantation of new type of biomaterials remains unclear.OBJECTIVE:To compare the curative effects and complications of endovascular covered stent graft exclusion and prosthetic vessel replacement in the treatment of AAA.DESIGN: A controlled observation analysis.SETTING: Department of Vascular Surgery,Wuhan nion Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two patients with AAA (renal artery not involved) who received the treatment in the Department of Vascular Surgery,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology between September 2001 and July 2006,were recruited in this study.They were all confirmed by CT angiography (CTA) and other examinations.According to the selected operative way,patients were allocated into interventional therapy group (n =17) and conventional therapy group (n =25).In the interventional therapy group,the patients,including 16 males and 1 female,were averaged (68±10)years old,and their mean tumor diameter was (6.4±1.3) cm.In the conventional therapy group,the patients,including 23 males and 2 females,were averaged (64±9) years,and their mean tumor diameter was (6.2±1.1) cm.Significant difference did not exist in the baseline material between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).This study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee.Written informed consents were obtained from all the patients.METHODS:In the interventional therapy group,patients underwent ndovascular covered stent graft exclusion by an interventional means.After being generally anesthetized,patients were dissected at unilateral femoral artery.Under the perspective condition,a covered stent graft was placed at a proper position with a forwarder,and then it was released and expanded.Following the position and xpansion of a covered stent being examined by CTA,femoral artery was anastomosed and incision was closed.If arteria iliaca was involved,then another covered stent was implanted from contralateral femoral artery and connected to stem.In the conventional therapy group,patients underwent prosthetic vessel replacement by a conventional means.Postoperatively,patients in the two groups all received anti-inflammation,anti-coagulation and other symptomatic and supportive treatments necessarily.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:① Postoperative complications of patients in two groups.② Recovery was observed by B-ultrasonography and CTA examination 1,3,6 and 12 months after operation.③ Follow-up of biocompatibility of biomaterials and host during 1 year postoperatively.RESULTS:Forty-two patients participated in the finial analysis.①Patients who exhibited pulmonary infection and renal function deterioration in the interventional therapy group were fewer than those in the conventional therapy group (P ＜0.05).② In the interventional therapy group,patients with covered-stent graft displacement,aortic injury and hematoma formed at the puncture point of femoral artery were not found.In the conventional therapy group,one patient died of acute large-area myocardial infarction at the 6th week postoperatively,and patients,who suffered from stomal leakage,prosthetic vessel thrombogenesis and infection,etc.,were not found.③ Neither obvious inflammatory reactions in the peripheral tissue of prosthetic vessel nor thrombogenesis in the prosthetic vessel was found in patients of two groups.It was demonstrated that both covered stent graft and prosthetic vessel had good biocompatibility.CONCLUSION:Endovascular covered stent graft exclusion can treat AAA due to its less surgical trauma,rapid postoperative recovery,good biocompatibility and other advantages.

Objective To analyse the clinical risk factors of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) after renal transplantation. Methods 650 cases were retrospectively studied,and the related risk factors of patients with MODS or SIRS were analyzed by undertaking ? 2 tests Results In all of 650 cases,there were 38 cases with SIRS,and 7 cases with MODS.The study showed a significant relation between MODS with lower blood pressure(71.4%),lower blood oxygen(85.7%),severe infection(85.7%) and chronic organ failure(28.6%).The incidence for patients of MODS with more than two kinds of risk factors are obviously higher than those with two or less than two kinds of risk factors.The incidence for patients of renal failure(85.7%) and respiratory failure(71.4%) are highest in patients of organ failure. Conclusions Lower blood pressure,lower blood oxygen,severe infection and chronic organ failure are clinical risk factors to MODS.

Ohjective To approach the therapeutic methods of urinary fistula after hypospadias urethroplas- ty.Methods Forteen post-hypospadia repair urethral fistula managed between 2000 to 2005 were reviewed.Differ- ent procedures were carried out according to the size and location of orificium fistulae.Results Eleven repairs were successful after one attempt.The success rate was 78% (11/14).Conclusion The procedure of fistula repair should be chosen according to the size,location and regional condition of orificium fistulae.