Ocular myxomas are rare neoplasms. We report a case of conjunctival myxoma in a 33-year-old male. Clinically, it was diagnosed as a conjunctival cyst. Histopathological findings revealed spindle, and fusiform cells in loose myxoid stroma with cystic change. There were no systemic abnormalities detected.

Emphysematous gastritis secondary to vaso-occlusive disease is a surgical emergency. It is a rare yet severe form of widespread phlegmonous gastritis. It is caused by corrosive ingestion, alcohol abuse, and on rare occasions, infections. The clinical presentation is diagnostic with supportive information from contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen and gastroduodenoscopy. Here, we describe a case of emphysematous gastritis with spontaneous vaso-occlusive disease that was successfully managed without surgery.
Hepatic Insufficiency

Thymoma, a rare epithelial neoplasm, is the most common anterior-superior mediastinal tumour. Thymoma can occur sporadically or in association with other conditions, such as myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), and hypogammaglobulinemia. Only 5% of thymoma cases develop PRCA; however, 10–50% of patients presenting with PRCA have an associated spindle cell type thymoma. Thymoma complicated by PRCA is associated with a poor outcome. We report the case of a 38-year-old female who presented with chest pain, and was diagnosed with an anterior mediastinal mass. A thymectomy was performed, and histopathological examination revealed mixed thymoma; two months later, the patient developed PRCA. The present case reinforces the need for clinicians to be vigilant with thymoma patients, even following thymectomy.
Erythropoiesis ; Mediastinum ; Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure ; Thymoma

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality among men in the United States. While many prostate cancers are indolent, an important subset of patients experiences disease recurrence after conventional therapy and progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is currently incurable. Thus, there is a critical need to identify biomarkers that will distinguish indolent from aggressive disease, as well as novel therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of CRPC. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as an important class of biological molecules. LncRNAs are polyadenylated RNA species that share many similarities with protein-coding genes despite the fact that they are noncoding (not translated into proteins). They are usually transcribed by RNA polymerase II and exhibit the same epigenetic signatures as protein-coding genes. LncRNAs have also been implicated in the development and progression of variety of cancers, including prostate cancer. While a large number of lncRNAs exhibit tissue- and cancer-specific expression, their utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is just starting to be explored. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the functional role and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in the progression of prostate cancer and evaluate their use as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Benign phyllodes tumour is a rare non-cancerous growth of the breast characterized by a solitary unilateral tumour in one breast, or rarely multifocal in one or both breasts. It is diagnosed on the basis of physical examination, imaging studies, and fine-needle aspiration cytology. In this report, we present a case of benign phyllodes tumour with an unusual presentation of recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia, which can be attributed to secretion of insulin-like growth factor II from the tumour.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the world to a standstill and has exposed the lack of preparedness of most nations’ health care sys-tems. Even in usual times, palliative care has not received its fair share of recognition as an important component of patient care; instead, the emphasis is often placed on aggressive patient management. Now, with the entire medical community and decision-making committees focussed on intensive patient care, end-of-life care has taken a backseat. Methods: This article is a brief communication. Results: COVID 19 infection has been shown to lead to greater mortality and morbidity in patients with pre-existing illnesses such as hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, and cancer. Patients typically in need of end-of-life care, such as those with late-stage cancer or heart failure, are therefore at a higher risk of both contracting COVID-19 and suffering a more severe disease course. The strict nationwide lockdowns being imposed in most countries have deterred patients from seeking medical attention or hospice care. Every day new research is coming to light regarding COVID 19. This has helped significantly in creating awareness and limiting the spread of disease. However, misinformation is also rampant, leading to discrimination and mistreatment of infected patients. Conclusion This pandemic has been a terrifying ordeal for all and has exposed our entire population physically, psychologically, emotionally, and financially to unimaginable stresses. In the present scenario, EOL care is as much a necessity as intensive care and should be given at least a fraction of its importance.

BACKGROUND: To compare the effects of adding two different doses of dexamethasone on the duration and quality of the fascia iliaca block in patients undergoing proximal femoral fracture surgery. METHODS: A total of 60 patients (age 18–70 years) undergoing proximal femoral nailing surgery under spinal anesthesia were given fascia iliaca block after random assignment to one of the two groups: Group H received an injection of levobupivacaine (0.5%) 28 ml with 2 ml (8 mg) dexamethasone, and Group L received an injection of levobupivacaine (0.5%) 28 ml with dexamethasone 1 ml (4 mg) with 1 ml normal saline. Assessment of the duration of analgesia and the total tramadol requirement over 48 hours were noted after a successful block. RESULTS: The duration of analgesia was found to be significantly longer in Group H (17.02 ± 0.45 h) than in the Group L patients (14.29 ± 0.45 h) with a p-value of 0.000. Postoperative analgesic requirement (amount of tramadol in mg) was significantly higher in Group L (Q2: 200.0; IQR: 100.0, 200.0) as compared to Group H (Q2: 100.0; IQR: 100.0, 200.0) with a p-value of 0.034. No patient showed any sign of neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone, in a dose of 8 mg, is superior to 4 mg when used as an adjuvant with levobupivacaine in the FIB. Though both prolonged analgesia and were effective in reducing oral/intravenous analgesics, 8 mg dexamethasone can be recommended as a more efficacious adjuvant to local anesthetics in the FIB.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bupivacaine ; Dexamethasone ; Fascia ; Femoral Fractures ; Humans ; Pain Management ; Prospective Studies ; Tramadol

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Tranexamic Acid*

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to present long-term results from a 10-year follow-up after endoscopic lumbar discectomy (ELD) by "Destandau's technique". OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Endoscopic disc surgery by Destandau's technique using ENDOSPINE Karl Storz system is a relatively new technique. It was introduced in 1993. It has been gaining popularity among the spine surgeons, as it is attractive for small skin incision and allows a gentle and excellent tissue dissection with excellent visualization. Many authors have published results of their own studies; however, in all these studies the long-term follow up of the patients has not been emphasized. METHODS: A total of 21 patients selected on basis of strict inclusion criteria's underwent ELD from November 2004 to March 2005. Surgery outcome was assessed by using "Prolo's Anatomic-Functional-Economic Rating System" (1986). Patients were followed up to 10 years. In addtion, we compared the results of our study with other studies. RESULTS: Outcomes were excellent in 17 patients (80.95%), good in 3 (14.28%) and fair in 1 (4.78%), with no patients having a poor result. In our study, 19 patients (90.47%) were able to resume their previous works/jobs, and only 2 (9.52%) needed to change their jobs for lighter work. No patient retired from his or her previous daily routine following the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The initial and long-term results are very good for endoscopic lumbar discectomy by Destandau's technique. In properly selected patients it is a safe and minimally invasive technique, and we recommend ELD in properly selected patients.
Diskectomy* ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Skin ; Spine

No abstract available.
Anesthesia*