The impact of bronchiectasis on the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after extra-pulmonary surgery in patients with airflow limitation is not well elucidated. A retrospective analysis of 437 patients with airflow limitations, including 62 patients with bronchiectasis, was conducted. The analysis revealed that bronchiectasis was associated with increased PPC (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.73; P = 0.001), which was especially significant in patients who did not use bronchodilators (aOR, 3.24; P = 0.002). Our study indicates that bronchiectasis is associated with an increased risk of PPC following extra-pulmonary surgery in patients with airflow limitation, and bronchodilators may prevent PPC in these patients.

Background: Clinical data for bacterial coinfection of the lower respiratory tract in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are scarce. This study aims to assess the prevalence of bacterial coinfection and clinical features in NTM-PD patients. Methods: This retrospective study screened 248 patients with NTM-PD who underwent bronchoscopy between July 2020 and July 2022, from whom newly diagnosed NTM-PD patients were analyzed. Bacterial culture using bronchial washing fluid was performed at the time of NTM-PD diagnosis. Results: In the 180 patients (median age 65 years; 68% female), Mycobacterium avium complex (86%) was the most frequent NTM isolated. Bacterial coinfections were detected in 80 (44%) patients. Among them, the most common bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25/80, 31.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20/80, 25%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=20/80, 25%). Compared with NTM-PD patients without bacterial coinfections, patients with bacterial coinfections showed more frequent extensive lung involvement (33% vs. 1%, p<0.001). Additionally, compared with NTM-PD patients without P. aeruginosa infection, those with P. aeruginosa infection were older (74 years vs. 64 years, p=0.001), had more frequent respiratory symptoms (cough/excessive mucus production 70% vs. 38%, p=0.008; dyspnea 30% vs. 13%, p=0.047), and had extensive lung involvement (60% vs. 9%, p<0.001). Conclusion Less than half of patients with newly diagnosed NTM-PD had bacterial coinfections, linked to extensive lung involvement. Specifically, P. aeruginosa coinfection was significantly associated with older age, more frequent respiratory symptoms, and extensive lung involvement.

Background: Clinical data for bacterial coinfection of the lower respiratory tract in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are scarce. This study aims to assess the prevalence of bacterial coinfection and clinical features in NTM-PD patients. Methods: This retrospective study screened 248 patients with NTM-PD who underwent bronchoscopy between July 2020 and July 2022, from whom newly diagnosed NTM-PD patients were analyzed. Bacterial culture using bronchial washing fluid was performed at the time of NTM-PD diagnosis. Results: In the 180 patients (median age 65 years; 68% female), Mycobacterium avium complex (86%) was the most frequent NTM isolated. Bacterial coinfections were detected in 80 (44%) patients. Among them, the most common bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25/80, 31.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20/80, 25%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=20/80, 25%). Compared with NTM-PD patients without bacterial coinfections, patients with bacterial coinfections showed more frequent extensive lung involvement (33% vs. 1%, p<0.001). Additionally, compared with NTM-PD patients without P. aeruginosa infection, those with P. aeruginosa infection were older (74 years vs. 64 years, p=0.001), had more frequent respiratory symptoms (cough/excessive mucus production 70% vs. 38%, p=0.008; dyspnea 30% vs. 13%, p=0.047), and had extensive lung involvement (60% vs. 9%, p<0.001). Conclusion Less than half of patients with newly diagnosed NTM-PD had bacterial coinfections, linked to extensive lung involvement. Specifically, P. aeruginosa coinfection was significantly associated with older age, more frequent respiratory symptoms, and extensive lung involvement.

Background: Clinical data for bacterial coinfection of the lower respiratory tract in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are scarce. This study aims to assess the prevalence of bacterial coinfection and clinical features in NTM-PD patients. Methods: This retrospective study screened 248 patients with NTM-PD who underwent bronchoscopy between July 2020 and July 2022, from whom newly diagnosed NTM-PD patients were analyzed. Bacterial culture using bronchial washing fluid was performed at the time of NTM-PD diagnosis. Results: In the 180 patients (median age 65 years; 68% female), Mycobacterium avium complex (86%) was the most frequent NTM isolated. Bacterial coinfections were detected in 80 (44%) patients. Among them, the most common bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25/80, 31.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20/80, 25%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=20/80, 25%). Compared with NTM-PD patients without bacterial coinfections, patients with bacterial coinfections showed more frequent extensive lung involvement (33% vs. 1%, p<0.001). Additionally, compared with NTM-PD patients without P. aeruginosa infection, those with P. aeruginosa infection were older (74 years vs. 64 years, p=0.001), had more frequent respiratory symptoms (cough/excessive mucus production 70% vs. 38%, p=0.008; dyspnea 30% vs. 13%, p=0.047), and had extensive lung involvement (60% vs. 9%, p<0.001). Conclusion Less than half of patients with newly diagnosed NTM-PD had bacterial coinfections, linked to extensive lung involvement. Specifically, P. aeruginosa coinfection was significantly associated with older age, more frequent respiratory symptoms, and extensive lung involvement.

Background: Clinical data for bacterial coinfection of the lower respiratory tract in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are scarce. This study aims to assess the prevalence of bacterial coinfection and clinical features in NTM-PD patients. Methods: This retrospective study screened 248 patients with NTM-PD who underwent bronchoscopy between July 2020 and July 2022, from whom newly diagnosed NTM-PD patients were analyzed. Bacterial culture using bronchial washing fluid was performed at the time of NTM-PD diagnosis. Results: In the 180 patients (median age 65 years; 68% female), Mycobacterium avium complex (86%) was the most frequent NTM isolated. Bacterial coinfections were detected in 80 (44%) patients. Among them, the most common bacterium was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25/80, 31.3%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20/80, 25%) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=20/80, 25%). Compared with NTM-PD patients without bacterial coinfections, patients with bacterial coinfections showed more frequent extensive lung involvement (33% vs. 1%, p<0.001). Additionally, compared with NTM-PD patients without P. aeruginosa infection, those with P. aeruginosa infection were older (74 years vs. 64 years, p=0.001), had more frequent respiratory symptoms (cough/excessive mucus production 70% vs. 38%, p=0.008; dyspnea 30% vs. 13%, p=0.047), and had extensive lung involvement (60% vs. 9%, p<0.001). Conclusion Less than half of patients with newly diagnosed NTM-PD had bacterial coinfections, linked to extensive lung involvement. Specifically, P. aeruginosa coinfection was significantly associated with older age, more frequent respiratory symptoms, and extensive lung involvement.

Tuberculosis is one of the most common opportunistic diseases in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in Korea, and extra-pulmonary infections are frequent in these patients. Cutaneous miliary tuberculosis is a rare form of tuberculosis that presents as a papulopustular eruption and hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to multiple organs. This has been reported in patients with progressive HIV infection. We report the first case of cutaneous miliary tuberculosis that developed as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART).
HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome* ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Skin ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Miliary*

Central venous catheterization is performed to secure pathways for large amounts of saline, drug infusion, parenteral nutrition support, and hemodialysis. Accidental subclavian artery cannulation is a possible complication of central venous catheterization. Here, we report two cases of 8 Fr. chemoports inadvertently inserted in subclavian arteries during internal jugular venous catheterizations. The chemoports were removed successfully, and puncture sites were repaired using suture-based closure devices (Perclose). One patient experienced minor neurological complications after the procedure. With effective management, the patient was treated with no sequelae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stroke after procedures using suture-based devices.
Catheterization* ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters* ; Central Venous Catheters ; Humans ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Methods ; Punctures ; Renal Dialysis ; Stroke ; Subclavian Artery*

Although idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome(IHES) commonly involves the lung, it is rarely associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here we describe a case of IHES presented in conjunction with ARDS. A 37-year-old male visited the emergency department at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, with a chief complaint of dyspnea. Blood tests showed profound peripheral eosinophilia and thrombocytopenia. Patchy areas of consolidation with ground-glass opacity were noticed in both lower lung zones on chest radiography. Rapid progression of dyspnea and hypoxia despite supplement of oxygen necessitated the use of mechanical ventilation. Eosinophilic airway inflammation was subsequently confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage, leading to a diagnosis of IHES. High-dose corticosteroids were administered, resulting in a dramatic clinical response.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Anoxia ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome* ; Inflammation ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Embolism ; Radiography ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult* ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Thrombocytopenia

Amyloidosis is defined by tissue deposits of amyloid, which cause both functional and structural damage to organs. Three histopathological types of pulmonary amyloidosis have been described: tracheobronchial, nodular parenchymal, and diffuse parenchymal or alveolar septal types. Diffuse alveolar septal involvement of the lung is a rare form of primary pulmonary amyloidosis, with radiological features similar to those of pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, and lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Therefore, it is always challenging to diagnose alveolar septal involvement of pulmonary amyloidosis. Here, we report a case of alveolar septal involvement of pulmonary amyloidosis mimicking lymphangitic carcinomatosis, which was diagnosed from a transbronchial lung biopsy.
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma* ; Lung* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Multiple Myeloma ; Pulmonary Edema ; Pulmonary Fibrosis

The early pulmonary consequences of inhalation injury are well documented; however, little is known about delayed pulmonary complications following thermal inhalation injury. Although thermal injury below the vocal cords is rare because of effective heat dissipation in the upper airway, inflammatory endobronchial polyps have previously been reported as a delayed complication associated with inhalation injury. We report an extraordinary case of tracheobronchial polyps in patients with smoke inhalation injury. This report shows the delayed development and natural course of tracheobronchial polyps following thermal injury.
Bronchi ; Burns, Inhalation ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Polyps* ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; Trachea ; Vocal Cords