To estimate the child and infant mortality rates among Korean children, a mortality survey was carried out in the province of Kyongsangnam,buk-do. The study population are the beneficiaries of Korea Medical Insurance Coorporation (KMIC), Kyongsangnam,buk-do area, among which the 3,867 and 1767 deaths occurred from January, 1989 to December, 1990 in Kyongsangnam-do area and from January, 1991 to December, 1991 in Kyongsangbuk-do area respectively. We reviewed the data to confirm the causes of death. These were based on the death certificates and medical utilization records before dying which were available through the computerized databases on medical care utility of KMIC. The survey conducted along three steps. At first, the death certificates were examined, as a second step, medical utilization records were reviewed, and finally direct contacts to the family members of the deceased were done. As a result, 115 deaths were found under 20 years of age. Using them, age specific mortalities and causes of death were estimated. Mortality rate in this area was estimated 129 per 100,000 person-years during 1 month to 11 months of age, 67 during 1 year to 4 years of age, 23 during 5 years to 9 years of age, 10 during 10 years to 14 years of age, and 29 during 15 years to 19 years of age, respectively. And the frequent causes of death were congenital anomalies, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, certain condition originating from perinatal period during 1 months of age; accidents, congenital anomalies, malignancies, CNS diseases, and pneumonia or bronchiolitis during 1 to 4 years of age; accidents, malignancies, CNS diseases, and congenital anomalies during 5 to 14 years of age; and accidents, suicide, malignancies, and CNS diseases during 15 to 19 years of age.
Bronchiolitis ; Cause of Death ; Central Nervous System ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; Child ; Child Mortality* ; Child* ; Death Certificates ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Insurance ; Korea ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Suicide

No abstract available.
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Child* ; Cineangiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Epidermal cyst is a common disease. The clinical and histo pathologic findings in patients with epidermal cysts are described. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to identify the clinical and histopathologic feastures of epidermal cysts. MEHTODS: We ealuated the clinical and histopathologie features of 11 cases which were diagnosed with epidermal cysts at the department of dermatology in Wonju Chist.an Hospital and Jeju Severance Dermatologic clinic for 13 years, from January 1980 to June 1992. RESULTS: The ratio of males to females was 1.9: 1 with male predominance. Age distribution at first visit was variable, ranging from to 85 years old. The mean age was 3.5 years old. The Duration of lesions was variable, ranging from a 3 days to 20 years, with the mean duration of 2.4 years. The most common site of lesions was the face(36%), followed by the trunk(18%), neck(13%), leg(13%), arm (8%), scalp(3%), scrotum(3%), vagina(3%), palm(1%) and fingers(1%). Histopathologically, 46 cases(41%) were ruptured. The most common stromal change was fibrosi followed by granulation tissue formation, giant cell, calcifiration, pilomatricoma like change, pigment, squamous eddy, bone formation and vessel proliferation. The most common cystic content was keiatinous material followed by parakeratotic cell, bacterial colony, calcification, cholesterol cleft, pigment and RBC. The most common cystic wall change was acanthosis followed by atrophy, hyperplasia, hyergranulosis, basalioma like change, parakeratosis and reticulation. CONCLUSION: Epidermal cysts are slowly growing tumors. They occur nost commonly on the face, trunk, neck, legs and arms. Histopathologically, they have a wall compose 1 of true epidermis. When an epidermal cyst ruptures, a foreignbody reaction with numerous multinu leated giant cells occurs.
Age Distribution ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arm ; Atrophy ; Cholesterol ; Dermatology ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Epidermis ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Giant Cells ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Leg ; Male ; Neck ; Osteogenesis ; Parakeratosis ; Pilomatrixoma ; Rupture

This study is undertaken to investigate the clinical effecte of Neutrogin(recornbinant human granulocyte-colony stimulatiing factor) in 25 patients with ovarian caneer who received two courses of CAP chemotherapy. In the first courae of chemotherapy as a contml course, all patients were treated with CAP chemotherapy alone and during the second course, Neutrogin was given at a dose of 2ug/kg/day subcutaneouely for 14 days 24 hours after completion of chemotherapy. Neutrogin significantly increaaed the nadir count of leukocyte and abaolute neutrophil and decreased tbe number of days per patient on which the absolute neutrophil count was 1,000/mm3 or less. The mean recovery time required for neutrophil to greater than l,500/mm3 after nadir were significantliy decreased in the seeond comse as compared with the first course. Each one patient exriened mild side effects of Neatrogin, such as fever, tene pain and malaise and rernovered without tretment. These results showed that Neutrogin is extremely effective and useful to treat chemotherapy indueed leukopenia and to accelerate the recovery from these complications.
Drug Therapy* ; Fever ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Humans* ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia ; Neutropenia* ; Neutrophils ; Ovarian Neoplasms

This study is undertaken to investigate the clinical effecte of Neutrogin(recornbinant human granulocyte-colony stimulatiing factor) in 25 patients with ovarian caneer who received two courses of CAP chemotherapy. In the first courae of chemotherapy as a contml course, all patients were treated with CAP chemotherapy alone and during the second course, Neutrogin was given at a dose of 2ug/kg/day subcutaneouely for 14 days 24 hours after completion of chemotherapy. Neutrogin significantly increaaed the nadir count of leukocyte and abaolute neutrophil and decreased tbe number of days per patient on which the absolute neutrophil count was 1,000/mm3 or less. The mean recovery time required for neutrophil to greater than l,500/mm3 after nadir were significantliy decreased in the seeond comse as compared with the first course. Each one patient exriened mild side effects of Neatrogin, such as fever, tene pain and malaise and rernovered without tretment. These results showed that Neutrogin is extremely effective and useful to treat chemotherapy indueed leukopenia and to accelerate the recovery from these complications.
Drug Therapy* ; Fever ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Humans* ; Leukocytes ; Leukopenia ; Neutropenia* ; Neutrophils ; Ovarian Neoplasms

Prognosis in carcinona of the ulerine cervix appears to be influenced by multiple factors (the size of primary tumor, nodal status, deep invasion into cervical stroma, histologic grade etc) that are frequently in terrelated. Recently other new factors may have been propoeed as prognostic factors in cervical cancer, such as number of cells in S-phase, or act,ivation of c- Ha-ras nnnd c-myc protooncogenes. It has been sug gested that c-myc proto-ancogene is associated with cellular proliferation and that its inappvopriate expression may be involved in carcinogerieais and in tumor progression. But its status as prognostic factor in cervical cancer is controversal. So we studied 42 with normal cervix and 61 wiith cervical carcinorna to investigate the relatiarship betwveer the prognostic variables of the cervical cancer(age, stage, tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasia) and c-myc gene expression, analyzed uaing immunohistochemical stainirig with formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues from January 1985 to December 1986. And we assessed the progrioatic signifieance of r, myc gene expression by multivariate analysis. There was, significant, difference in c-myc gene expression between the normal cervix and the invasive cervical carcinama(0%: 34.4%, p<0.001). And the c-myc gene expressian was increased significantly according to clinical stage and depth of invasion. But, no relationship was found between c myc overexpression and other clinical ancl histologic parameters, such as age, primary tunaor size and lymph node metastasis. The 5 year disease free survival rates of the patients whose tumors showed c-myc overexpression were significantly lower(23.1%) than that(50.0%) of Other cancer patients. But only lymph node metastasis was significant]y related to the relative risk of relapse when the multivariate analysis was performed. These results suggested that c-myc gene expression may be associated with the cervieal tumorigenesis, but not useful as an indepenclent pragnoetic factor of the cervical carcinoma.
Carcinogenesis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cervix Uteri* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Genes, myc* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin ; Prognosis* ; Recurrence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

This study was conducted to compare the date on knowledge, attitude and motivation toward blood donation between donors and non-donors. The study population included 622 donors and 322 non-donors who visited the mobile blood donation car of Taegu Red Cross Blood Center and participated the group appointed blood donation campaign managed by the center from March 1 to March 31, 1989. The donors and non-donors were questioned above mentioned items with a formulated questionnaire. Among the general characteristics of the subjects in the study, male predominance (84.1% in donors and 73.6% in non-donors) in young age group (16-24 years) was the outstanding feature. As a medium of information about blood donation, “television” was playing a dominant role (donors; 75.2%, non-donors; 78.9%), while “magazine” played more important roles among donors. Of the donors, 70.6% and of the non-donors, 58.1 replied that they had ever been induced to donate blood (p<0.01). Major inducers were friend and personnel of mobile blood donation vehicle. On the measuring of knowledge level, the average rates of correct answer was higher in donors (62.6%) than in non-donors (54.1%) (p<0.01). Higher the education level was presented, higher the knowledge level (p<0.05). There have been noticeable difference between donors and non-donors in blood replying the questionnaire set to measure their attitude toward blood donation, especially in the items such as “impression toward blood”, “selection of transfusion blood source” and “view on the situation of blood shortage.” The major motivation toward blood donation of the groups were “possible future need” and “altruism or humanitarian interest”. The major reasons for not donation blood in both groups were “fear of the needle” and “dread to visit to mobile car or center”.
Blood Donors* ; Daegu ; Education ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation* ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: We assessed and compared the clinical and radiologic outcomes of treatment in periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared 22 knees, 22 patients of femoral periprosthetic fractures which had been fixed with absolute stabilization such as plate or screw fixation in 16 cases (group A), and with relative stabilization such as retrograde intramedullary nailing or Ender nailing in six cases (group B) from November 2004 to March 2013; the mean follow-up period was 51.9 months. RESULTS: The mean tibio femoral angle and the mean mechanical axis showed statistically significant change in group B, between before fracture and last follow-up. The mean bone union time and the mean hospital for special surgery score were not significantly different between group A and B. Nonunion was demonstrated in one case in each group, malunion was demonstrated in one case in group B. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of periprosthetic fractures of the femur after total knee arthroplasty, absolute stabilization had an advantage for regain of limb alignment. Among the complications, more cases of refracture and infection were observed in the absolute stabilization group, while more cases of nonunion and malunion were observed in the relative stabilization group.
Arthroplasty* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Extremities ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Knee* ; Periprosthetic Fractures*

PURPOSE: We have performed total knee arthroplasty for treating valgus and varus in the knees of one person. We investigated the clinical characteristics of these patients and the relationship between the kind of deformity and the postoperative result. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2002 to May 2005, fourteen patients who had simultaneous varus and valgus knee deformities underwent total knee arthroplasties and they were followed for more than 12 months, and these were the subjects of our study. The average age was 64.6.years and the average follow-up period was 18.4 months. Follow-up imaging assessments were done and the clinical outcomes were evaluated using the HSS score at the last follow-up. RESULTS: Nine cases had more pain in the varus knee preoperatively and two cases had more pain in the valgus knee preoperatively. In 8 cases, degenerative scoliosises were associated with the knee deformity and among these cases, seven cases had vlagus deformities in the right knees. In two cases, hip deformities were noted in the ipsilateral side of the valgus deformity. The preoperative mean valgus angle and varus angle was 10.5 degrees and 7.8 degrees, respectively. The postoperative valgus and varus angle improved to 6.8 and 6.0 degree, respectively. The HSS score improved from 64.7 to 86.0 points for the valgus deformities and from 61.5 to 86.9 points for the varus deformities. Postoperative patellar clunk syndrome was identified in one valgus knee and arthroscopic resection was then performed. The knee had completely recovered on the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous or staged total knee arthroplasties in patients with simultaneous varus and contralateral valgus knee deformities achieved satisfactory outcomes with regard to the objective orthopedic criteria as well as the overall patient satisfaction in terms of pain relief and function. We found that scoliosis and ipsilateral hip deformities concurred with knee deformities, and this indicated that hip deformity and scoliosis are related with knee deformities. We found no significant difference between the kind of deformity and the postoperative result, yet a prospective study with more cases and longer follow-up is recommended in the future to reaffirm our findings.
Arthroplasty ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Patient Satisfaction ; Scoliosis

PURPOSE: Studies conducted on both animal and adult human subjects have demonstrated that a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) causes cerebrocortical dysfunction resulting in an abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). Although it is assumed that in premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the shunt will decrease CBF and alter the cerebrocortical function thus resulting in an abnormal EEG, this has yet to be firmly established. This comparative study, therefore, measures EEG as effected by CBF before and after PDA closures. Furthermore, in order to observe the effect of PDA on CBF and EEGs, the results were compared against a control group made up of premature infants without PDA. METHOD: All subjects were premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Chungbuk National University Hospital between February and August of 1997, were under gestational age (GA) 36 weeks, and weighed less than 2 kilograms: PDA group (group I consisted of 8 with PDA and respiratory distress syndrom (RDS); group II of 5 with PDA but without RDS) and Control group (group III of 6 without PDA but with RDS; group IV of 12 with neither PDA nor RDS). Studies were performed on the third and seventh day after birth and continued weekly throughout the period of study. Using Acuson 128XP/10c Doppler Echo cardiography, we measured the peak systolic velocity (PVS), the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and the area under the velocity curve (AUVC) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the blood flow of the left carotid artery and the descending aorta, calculated the LA/Ao ratio and conducted EEG's. RESULTS: 1) Birth weight and gestational age There was a significant difference between group I and group IV. However, when contrasting the two control groups overall, we found no significant variation. 2) In the PDA group, the infants were treated as follows: four infants were performed PDA ligations and seven were administrated indomethacine, resulting in 5 successful closures. Two infants had PDA which closed naturally without any treatment.3) PSV, DV, AUVC in the PDA group before and after closureThe incidence of decreased cerebral blood flow tended to increase after the PDA closure; however, the variation was not significant. In the groupes with RDS, on the other hand, the increase of CBF was significant after treatment, especially in group III.4) Incidence of abnormal EEGsThe preliminary EEG was abnormal for the above infants, with the background EEG appearing as suppressed or sharp and spike wave discharges. There was no significant difference in the results of the two groups and all EEG's were normalized in subsequent examinations. CONCLUSION: The decreased cerebral blood flow in premature infants with PDA increased following closure of the shunt; however, this increase was not significant. In groupes with RDS, the decreased cerebral blood flow significantly increased as the RDS improved, especially in group III. Nonetheless, despite the observed changes in CBF, we were unable to detect a corresponding change in the EEGs of the newborns in this study.
Adult ; Animals ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Aorta, Thoracic ; Birth Weight ; Carotid Arteries ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Electroencephalography* ; Gestational Age ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Indomethacin ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Ligation ; Parturition