No abstract available.

The medial collateral ligament is the most commonly injured ligamentous structure of the knee. The management of the medial collateral ligament injuries were divided into surgical and conservative treatment. More recently, many investigators reported that isolated medial collateral ligament injuries did well under non-operative treatment. So, arthroscopic examination of the knee to rule out other intraarticular pathologic conditions such as cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal tear and osteochondral lesion is essential. From October 1993 to April 1995, we treated 45 cases of Grade III medial collateral ligament injuries and arthroscopic finding for cruciate ligament, meniscus, bony structure were analized in these cases. The result were as follows; 1. Anterior cruciate ligament injury:37.5% in +1 degree, 42.8% in +2 degree, 86.7% in +3 degree 2. Posterior cruciate ligament injury:12.5% in +1 degree, 13.4% in +2 degree, 33.3% in +3 degree 3. Meniscal injury:12.5% in +1 degree, 21.3% in +2 degree, 33.4% in +3 degree 4. Medial capsular ligament injury was more frequent and severe in the meniscofemoral ligament than in the meniscotibial ligament, but that finding was not correlated with degree of medial instability.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Research Personnel ; Rupture ; Tears

No abstract available.
Baculoviridae* ; Bombyx* ; Coinfection*

A household survey was conducted to compare the patterns of morbidity and medical care utilization between medical aid beneficiaries and medical insurance beneficiaries. The study population included 285 medical aid beneficiaries that were completely surveyed and 386 medical insurance beneficiaries selected by simple random sampling from a Dong (Township) in Taegu. Well-trained surveyors mainly interviewed housewives with a structured questionnaire. The morbidity rates of acute illness during the 15-day period, were 63 per 1,000 medical aid beneficiaries and 62 per 1,000 medical insurance beneficiaries. The rates for chronic illness were 123 per 1,000 medical beneficiaries and 73 per 1,000 medical insurance beneficiaries. The most common type of acute illness in medical aid and medical insurance beneficiaries was respiratory disease in medical aid beneficiaries, musculoskeletal disease was most common, but in medical insurance beneficiaries, gastrointestinal disease was most common. The mean duration of acute illness of medical aid beneficiaries was 3.8 days and that of medical insurance beneficiaries was 6.8 days. During the one year period, mean duration of medical aid beneficiaries chronic illnesses was 11.5 months which was almost twice as long compared to medical insurance beneficiaries. Pharmacy was most preferable facility among the acute illness patient in medical aid beneficiaries, but acute cases of medical insurance beneficiaries visited the clinic most commonly. Chronic cases of both groups visited the clinic most frequently. There were some findings suggesting that much unmet need existed among the medical aid beneficiaries. In acute cases, the average number of days of medical aid users utilized medical facilities was less than medical insurance users. On the other hand, the length of medical care utilization of chronic cases was reversed. Geographical accessibility was the most important factors in utilization of medical facilities. Almost half of the study population answered the questions about source of funds on medical security correctly. Most respondents considered that the objective of medical security was affordability. The chief complaint on hospital utilization was the complicated administrative procedures. These findings suggest that there were some problems in the medical aid system, especially in the referral system.
Chronic Disease ; Daegu ; Family Characteristics ; Financial Management ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Hand ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; Insurance* ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Pharmacy ; Referral and Consultation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyeongpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring (29.4%) and summer (29.4%), and the lowest in fall (17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday (24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post (51.8%) and the next was clinic (38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occurred in the room and kitchen (23.5%), in the yard and barn (23.5%), on the road (22.4%), and in the rice field and dry field (20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident (20.0%), piercing or cutting (20.0%), collision or fighting (12.9%), and poisoning (11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injured part of body was extremity 55.3%.
Agriculture ; Extremities ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Poisoning ; Prospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

The motivation and timing of the decision to be a physician were examined for premedical students of three universities in Taegu. The primary motivation for seeking a career in medicine was the spirit of service to mankind, but the economic reward was also important value. A number of students could not make a decision to enter a medical school just before admission test. There was a correlation between the motivation, timing and autonomy of decision to be a physician with the academic satisfaction of premedical students. The students who motivated by a spirit of service, made a decision earlier or got a autonomy in decision-making to enter a medical performed a better premedical preparation.
Daegu ; Humans ; Motivation ; Reward ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Premedical

In order to assess the physical growth of primary school student in the rural area, body height, weight, chest circumference and sitting height of 923 students (469 males, 454 females) in the town of Angang, Kyungpook province, Korea, were measured from April to May, 1988. The most growth age of boy height was 10-11 years old in both sex and the growth curves were crossed at 9-11 years old. The most rapid growth age of body weight was 10-11 years old and growth curves were crossed at 9-11 years old. The most rapid growth age of chest circumference was 10-11 years old in female, whereupon female outgrows male by contrast with male's slow and linear growth. The most rapid growth age of sitting height was 10-11 years old and the growth curves were crossed at 9-10 years old. The Rother index was 1.17-1.30 in male, 1.16-1.29 in female, and male's index was in general superior to female's.
Body Height ; Body Weight ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Thorax

The effects of regional medical insurance on utilization of medical care in urban population was examined in this study. The data was collected in a 2-year follow-up household survey conducted at Taegu city before and after implementation of the regional medical insurance. The study population was divided into 2 groups. Cohort I was the uninsured in 1989 and cohort II was the insured in 1989. After the coverage of medical insurance, physician visit rate per 1,000 population, use-disability ratio and use-restricted activity ratio in cohort I were increased compared to cohort II in both of acute and chronically ill people. The use-disability ratio and use-restricted activity ratio of the insured poor were lower than those of the insured nonpoor in both of cohort I and cohort II. The major reasons for pharmacy use were accessibility and affordability before the coverage of medical insurance in cohort I, however, after the coverage of medical insurance, the important reason was accessibility rather than affordabifity. In logistic regression analysis of physician visit, the significant independent variables were acute illness episode(+), chronic illness episode(+) and income(+) in both of cohort I and cohort II. In cohort I, after the coverage of medical insurance, more people replied that the medical cost of hospital and clinic was reasonable. The people who covered by the regional medical insurance were more dissatisfied with the imposed premium than those who covered by other types of medical insurance in both of cohort I and cohort II. More people in cohort II than cohort I were dissatisfied with the services from hospitals and clinics after implementation of the regional medical insurance. In conclusion. after the coverage of medical insurance, the gap between the poor and the nonpoor still exists in terms of medical care utilization.
Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Daegu ; Family Characteristics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Insurance* ; Logistic Models ; Medically Uninsured ; Pharmacy ; Urban Population*

PURPOSE: We examined changes in the corneal curvature and recurrence rate following pterygium surgery with relation to pterygium size and morphology. METHODS: One hundred eyes with primary nasal pterygia were graded as atrophic(Group 1), intermediate (Group 2), or fleshy(Group 3) according to morphology and grouped as small area group or large area group according to an assessment of pterygium length from and along the limbus. Corneal curvature was measured with autokeratometer at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, and 6months preoperatively and postopera-tively as well. Recurrence was evaluated at the same periods. RESULTS: Each group had no significant difference(p>0.05) to preoperative corneal curvature when pterygia were divided according to morphology. Large area group had significantly smaller corneal curvature than the preoperative one(p<0.05), but small area group didn't(p>0.05). The angle of astigmatism had the tendency of against-the-rule at 3 days postoperatively(163.3degrees), more strikingly in small area group(159.1degrees). The recurrence rate was 10% totally with no significant difference among each group(p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of the corneal curvature following pterygium surgery was smaller than the preoperative one and the change of angle had the tendency of against-the-rule astigmatism. Surgically induced changes in the corneal curvature and recurrence rate related to morphology had no significant difference, but preoperative corneal curvature and postoperative changes were related to pterygium size.
Astigmatism ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence*

The purpose of this study was to assess the morbidity pattern of urban residents in the poor area by health screening for the community diagnosis. The items of health screening were history taking and physical examination by medical doctor and hearing test, check blood pressure, test for hematocrit, liver function (sGOT, sGPT), urine sugar and protein, and chest X-ray. The examinee in health screening were 437 persons and they occupied 16.9% of total residents in the poor area. Male examinee were 129 persons (9.9% of total residents) and female examinee were 308 persons (23.9% of total residents). Age group of above sixty years old, 42.0% of total residents in the poor area were participated, but only 5.9% were participated in age group of 10 to 19 years old. Among the 437 examinee, 191 persons (43.7%) had one or more abnormal findings in health screening. In male 38.7% had abnormal findings, and somewhat lower than that of female (45.8%). Age group of above sixty years had most high rate of abnormal findings (69.8%), in contrast to age group of 10 to 19 years old (10.9%). Diseases of the digestive system was the most common and which occupies 23.7% of total abnormal findings. And diseases of the circulatory system occupied 19.7%. Low hematocrit (14.6% of total participants of 437 persons) occupies the most common abnormal findings for screening test (hematocrit, blood pressure, hearing test, sGOT/sGPT, urine protein and urine sugar, chest X-ray) and high blood pressure (10.1%) occupied second, third; hearing impairment (5.5%), fourth; abnormal liver function (4.1%), fifth; sugar in urine (2.3%), sixth; protein in urine (1.4%) and lastly abnormal chest X-ray (0.9%). The positive rate of abnormal findings in health screening was very high compared with morbidity rate by health interview. It is supposed that some portion of this high rate is by selection bias in examinee in health screening specially high participating rate in older age, and the other portion is due to the low socioeconomic status and bad environment of the residents of the poor area. These findings will be good information for the research and development of health care system in the urban poor area.
Blood Pressure ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Digestive System ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Tests ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Liver ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Physical Examination ; Selection Bias ; Social Class ; Thorax