It is becoming increasingly apparent that periodontitis consists of mixture of diseases, most of which respond favorably to traditional mechanical therapy. Among these variants of the disease, some appear to be associated with unusual microbial infections and defective host defenses. Many of these fail to respond to conventional treatment. The recognition that some forms of periodontitis are refractory to standard periodontal therapy has given rise to a new classification of peridontitis. A series of 1692 subgingival microbial samples sent to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory included 738 samples that could be identified as compatible with a clinical diagnosis of refractory or recurrent periodontitis. In descending order of prevalence the associated microbiota included Bacteroides forsythus(85%),Fusobacterium species(78%), Spirochetes(67%), Campylobacter rectus(64%), Porphyromonas gingivalis(59%), Peptostreptococcus micros(58%), motile rods(46%), Prevotella intermedia(33%), Eikenella corrodens(13%), Capnocytophaga species(12%), and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans(6%). Antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, penicillin G, or metronidazole was particularly noticeable for Fusobacterium species, Capnocytophaga species, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. It was largely absent for Campylobacter rectus. No antibiotic data were obtained for Porphyromonas gingivalis or Bacteroides forsythus, as these species were detected by immunofluorescence. The results indicate that a substantial number of microorganisms associated with refractory periodontitis are variably resistant to commonly-used antibiotics. Diagnostic microbiology must be considered an essential adjunct to the therapist faced with periodontal lesions refractory to conventional treatment.
Actinobacillus ; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteroides ; Campylobacter ; Campylobacter rectus ; Capnocytophaga ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Drug Resistance, Microbial* ; Eikenella ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Fusobacterium ; Humans ; Metronidazole ; Microbiota ; Penicillin G ; Peptostreptococcus ; Periodontitis* ; Porphyromonas ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Prevalence ; Prevotella ; Tetracycline

A household survey was conducted to compare the patterns of morbidity and medical care utilization between medical aid beneficiaries and medical insurance beneficiaries. The study population included 285 medical aid beneficiaries that were completely surveyed and 386 medical insurance beneficiaries selected by simple random sampling from a Dong (Township) in Taegu. Well-trained surveyors mainly interviewed housewives with a structured questionnaire. The morbidity rates of acute illness during the 15-day period, were 63 per 1,000 medical aid beneficiaries and 62 per 1,000 medical insurance beneficiaries. The rates for chronic illness were 123 per 1,000 medical beneficiaries and 73 per 1,000 medical insurance beneficiaries. The most common type of acute illness in medical aid and medical insurance beneficiaries was respiratory disease in medical aid beneficiaries, musculoskeletal disease was most common, but in medical insurance beneficiaries, gastrointestinal disease was most common. The mean duration of acute illness of medical aid beneficiaries was 3.8 days and that of medical insurance beneficiaries was 6.8 days. During the one year period, mean duration of medical aid beneficiaries chronic illnesses was 11.5 months which was almost twice as long compared to medical insurance beneficiaries. Pharmacy was most preferable facility among the acute illness patient in medical aid beneficiaries, but acute cases of medical insurance beneficiaries visited the clinic most commonly. Chronic cases of both groups visited the clinic most frequently. There were some findings suggesting that much unmet need existed among the medical aid beneficiaries. In acute cases, the average number of days of medical aid users utilized medical facilities was less than medical insurance users. On the other hand, the length of medical care utilization of chronic cases was reversed. Geographical accessibility was the most important factors in utilization of medical facilities. Almost half of the study population answered the questions about source of funds on medical security correctly. Most respondents considered that the objective of medical security was affordability. The chief complaint on hospital utilization was the complicated administrative procedures. These findings suggest that there were some problems in the medical aid system, especially in the referral system.
Chronic Disease ; Daegu ; Family Characteristics ; Financial Management ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Hand ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; Insurance* ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Pharmacy ; Referral and Consultation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

To determine the incidence rate of accidents and its associated factors, a prospective survey was carried out in a rural area of a total of 1,360 residents for 1 year from January 1 to December 31, 1988 in Shin-am Ri, Jungdong Myun, Sangju Kun, Kyeongpook Province. Data for accidents were collected by the community health practitioner who is working at Primary Health Post in Shin-am Ri. A total number of accident cases was 85 among 1,360 persons during one year study period, and annual incidence rate was 62.5 per 1,000 persons. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in the age group of 30-39 was 179.8. The incidence rate of accident in male was 86.5 which was about 2 times that in female. In male, the highest incidence rate was seen in 30-39 age group and in female, 60-69 age group. The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in spring (29.4%) and summer (29.4%), and the lowest in fall (17.7%). The highest incidence rate of accident was observed in Friday (24.5%) by day of week, and between 9 a.m. to 12 a.m. by time zone. The most frequent use of medical facilities was Primary Health Post (51.8%) and the next was clinic (38.8%). Mean duration of treatment was 9.8 days. The accident occurred in the room and kitchen (23.5%), in the yard and barn (23.5%), on the road (22.4%), and in the rice field and dry field (20.0%). The causes of accident were motor vehicle accident (20.0%), piercing or cutting (20.0%), collision or fighting (12.9%), and poisoning (11.8%) in order of frequency. The most common type of injury was open wound which was 43.5%. The most common tool of accident was farm machine which was 23.5%. The most common injured part of body was extremity 55.3%.
Agriculture ; Extremities ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Poisoning ; Prospective Studies ; Wounds and Injuries

The purpose of this study was to assess the morbidity pattern of urban residents in the poor area by health screening for the community diagnosis. The items of health screening were history taking and physical examination by medical doctor and hearing test, check blood pressure, test for hematocrit, liver function (sGOT, sGPT), urine sugar and protein, and chest X-ray. The examinee in health screening were 437 persons and they occupied 16.9% of total residents in the poor area. Male examinee were 129 persons (9.9% of total residents) and female examinee were 308 persons (23.9% of total residents). Age group of above sixty years old, 42.0% of total residents in the poor area were participated, but only 5.9% were participated in age group of 10 to 19 years old. Among the 437 examinee, 191 persons (43.7%) had one or more abnormal findings in health screening. In male 38.7% had abnormal findings, and somewhat lower than that of female (45.8%). Age group of above sixty years had most high rate of abnormal findings (69.8%), in contrast to age group of 10 to 19 years old (10.9%). Diseases of the digestive system was the most common and which occupies 23.7% of total abnormal findings. And diseases of the circulatory system occupied 19.7%. Low hematocrit (14.6% of total participants of 437 persons) occupies the most common abnormal findings for screening test (hematocrit, blood pressure, hearing test, sGOT/sGPT, urine protein and urine sugar, chest X-ray) and high blood pressure (10.1%) occupied second, third; hearing impairment (5.5%), fourth; abnormal liver function (4.1%), fifth; sugar in urine (2.3%), sixth; protein in urine (1.4%) and lastly abnormal chest X-ray (0.9%). The positive rate of abnormal findings in health screening was very high compared with morbidity rate by health interview. It is supposed that some portion of this high rate is by selection bias in examinee in health screening specially high participating rate in older age, and the other portion is due to the low socioeconomic status and bad environment of the residents of the poor area. These findings will be good information for the research and development of health care system in the urban poor area.
Blood Pressure ; Delivery of Health Care ; Diagnosis ; Digestive System ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Tests ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Liver ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Physical Examination ; Selection Bias ; Social Class ; Thorax

No abstract available.
Compartment Syndromes*

The effect of interpregnancy interval on birthweight of the subsequent child was investigated for the 1,347 women of 25 to 40yearsold age who visited OBGY and Pediatric department of the general hospital in Taegu city. Questions in designed questionnaire were asked by student interviewers who were trained in nursing school. Mean birth weight by interpregnancy intervals were compared by intervals of 6 months. Mean birth weight increased from 3,250 grams for intervals of 6 months to 3,357 grams for intervals of 25-30 months, but the difference was not statistically significant (=0.47). Correlations between the continuous variables which were suspected as confounders and interpregnancy interval and birth weight were investigated. The coefficient of correlation between maternal age and interpregnancy interval was 0.39, between gestational period and birth weight 0.30 and between prepregnancy weight and birth weight 0.16 and between birth weight of first baby and birth weight (of second baby) 0.44. But maternal age, gestational period and prepregnancy weight were not considered as confounder, because they were not correlated simultaneously with birth interval and birth weight. Associations between the discrete variables which were suspected as confounders, and interpregnancy interval were investigated by Chi-square test. Associations between interpregancy interval and educational level of mothers, types of husband's occupation, types of medical security, sex were not significant (P-values were 0.59, 0.75, 0.75, 0.82 respectively), so we did not considered these variables as confounding variables. In multiple regression analysis of birth weight, significant variables were birth weight of first baby, gestational analysis of birth weight, significant variables were birth weight of first bay, gestational period, sex of neonate and prepregnancy body weight of mother. Of the 1,347 births, the rate of low birth weight was 2% (27 birth). The rate for interpregnancy interval 7-12months was highest as 3.6% and that for 13-18 months was lowest as 0.6%, but there was no regular tendency related with interpregnancy interval.
Bays ; Birth Intervals ; Birth Weight* ; Body Weight ; Child ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Daegu ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Occupations ; Parturition* ; Schools, Nursing

This study was conducted to compare the date on knowledge, attitude and motivation toward blood donation between donors and non-donors. The study population included 622 donors and 322 non-donors who visited the mobile blood donation car of Taegu Red Cross Blood Center and participated the group appointed blood donation campaign managed by the center from March 1 to March 31, 1989. The donors and non-donors were questioned above mentioned items with a formulated questionnaire. Among the general characteristics of the subjects in the study, male predominance (84.1% in donors and 73.6% in non-donors) in young age group (16-24 years) was the outstanding feature. As a medium of information about blood donation, “television” was playing a dominant role (donors; 75.2%, non-donors; 78.9%), while “magazine” played more important roles among donors. Of the donors, 70.6% and of the non-donors, 58.1 replied that they had ever been induced to donate blood (p<0.01). Major inducers were friend and personnel of mobile blood donation vehicle. On the measuring of knowledge level, the average rates of correct answer was higher in donors (62.6%) than in non-donors (54.1%) (p<0.01). Higher the education level was presented, higher the knowledge level (p<0.05). There have been noticeable difference between donors and non-donors in blood replying the questionnaire set to measure their attitude toward blood donation, especially in the items such as “impression toward blood”, “selection of transfusion blood source” and “view on the situation of blood shortage.” The major motivation toward blood donation of the groups were “possible future need” and “altruism or humanitarian interest”. The major reasons for not donation blood in both groups were “fear of the needle” and “dread to visit to mobile car or center”.
Blood Donors* ; Daegu ; Education ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation* ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors

To investigate the blood lead concentration, their interrelation, correlation factor and influence on pregnant women and newborn, lead concentration in the maternal blood and umbilical cord blood were determined. Samples were collected from 130 mothers who were living in the Taegu City, during March, 1989. Blood lead concentration was estimated using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (IL. 551) equipped with Flameless Furnace Atomizer (IL. 665). The mean lead concentration of maternal and cord blood were 17.47±7.92 µg/dl, 15.31±7.98 µg/dl, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between the lead concentration of maternal and cord blood, r=0.663, Y=0.667X+3.646. No significant correlation was observed between previous spontaneous abortion and obstetric complication of mother and maternal blood lead concentration. Similarly, no significant correlation was observed between the sex, gestational age of neonate and cord blood lead concentration. But the birth weight of neonate had some negative correlation with cord blood lead concentration. The blood lead concentration of mother who had engaged in manufactures were higher than others and the longer working years were, the higher blood lead concentration were. Significant correlation was observed between husband's occupational exposure to lead and maternal blood lead concentration.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Absorption ; Birth Weight ; Daegu ; Female ; Fetal Blood* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mothers ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers ; Occupational Exposure ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to compare efficiency of embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from E12 mesencephalic neuronal-precursor derived DA neuron, and to assess the value of these neurons as a donor cells to transplant in Parkinson's disease. METHODS: ES cell-derived DA neurons from E12 mesencephalic neuronal-precursor derived DA neuron were transplanted in Parkinsonian rats and analyzed TH immunoreactivity and apomorphin-induced rotation test. RESULTS: Transplanting of ES cell derived DA neurons into the rat striatum caused gradual increase of expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity 6 weeks after transplant in host striatum. Rotation behavior was gradually on the decrease, 6 weeks after transplant of ES cell derived DA neurons. In case of E12 mesencephalic precursor derived DA neurons, the TH immunoreactivity expressed 6 weeks after transplant in striatum, and the behavioral restoration of DA-mediated motor asymmetry sustained gradually. However, transplanted ES cell derived DA neurons appeared in wide regions among the needle tract with a relatively high density of TH immunoreactivity in comparison to the E12 mesencephalic precursor DA neurons, and graft volume of ES cell derived DA neurons were larger than E12 mesencephalic precursor derived DA neuron. In addition, both cells did not appear cancerous change after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ES cell is more efficient than E12 mesencephalic precursor derived dopaminergic neuron and will supply efficient donor cells for transplantation in Parkinson's disease.
Animals ; Dopaminergic Neurons* ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; Humans ; Needles ; Neurons ; Parkinson Disease ; Rats* ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we focused on estimating the burden of premature death in Korea caused by smoking using the YLL (years of life lost due to premature death) measurement. METHODS: First, we determined parameters: such as age-specific standard life expectancy, age on death, sex, and cause of death by analyzing the national death certificate data and life table collected during 1997. These were provided by the National Statistical Office. Secondly, we estimated the age group- specific years of life lost due to premature death by employing the standard expected years of life lost (SEYLL) measurement. Thirdly, the burden of premature death caused by smoking was estimated using the YLLs measurement which was developed by the global burden of disease study group. Fourthly, We calculated the risk related to smoking using the population attributable risk. RESULTS: The following results were obtained in this study:1) Premature death that is attributable to smoking in males could be prevented in 60.9% (513,582 person-year) by non-smoking.2) The burden of premature death by smoking for female was prevented to 17.7% (513,582 person-year) by non-smoking. CONCLUSION: We found that the YLL method employed in this study was appropriate in quantifying the burden of premature death. This provides a rational basis for planning a national health policy regarding premature deaths caused by smoking and other related risk factors.
Cause of Death ; Death Certificates ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Korea* ; Life Expectancy ; Life Tables ; Male ; Mortality, Premature* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke* ; Smoking*