No abstract available.
Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Nodule*

Various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and RNA particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Although VLP is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original virus, it can induce long-term and cell-mediated immunity. The RNA particle vaccine used a Venezuela equine encephalitis (VEE) virus gene as a vector. The VEE virus partial gene can be substituted with the PED virus spike gene. Recombinant vaccines can be produced by substitution of the target gene in the VEE vector. Both of these new vaccine technologies made it possible to control the infectious disease efficiently in a relatively short time.
Alphavirus ; Animal Diseases ; Animals* ; Circovirus ; Communicable Diseases ; Diarrhea ; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine ; Encephalomyelitis, Equine ; Immunity, Cellular ; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ; RNA ; Vaccines ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle ; Venezuela

No abstract available.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Embolism, Air* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Embolism, Air* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

PURPOSE: Controversy still exists over in the prognostic significance of microscopic tumor cell dissemination in patients with cancer. This study evaluated the prognostic implication of isolated tumor cells in the bone marrow of patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred nineteen (419) patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer between June 1998 and July 2000 were enrolled in the study. Bone marrow aspirate was obtained from the iliac crest before removal of the primary tumor. Mononuclear cells were isolated and stained with AE-1/AE-3 PAN-CYTOKERATIN. RESULTS: Cytokeratin-positive cells were found in the bone marrow of 219 patients (52.3%). The incidence varied significantly with the depth of invasion (P=0.021) and the stage (P=0.026). The five-year survival rate of patients with cytokeratin-positive cells was 74.1% and that of patients without cytokeratin-positive cells was 81.1% (P=0.2481). There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate and the site of recurrence according to whether or not cytokeratin-positive cells were present in the bone marrow. CONCLUSION: The presence of cytokeratin-positive cells in the bone marrow of patients with gastric cancer did not predict outcome and recurrence. Therefore, it cannot be used as a prognostic factor.
Bone Marrow* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the femorotibial mechanical axis angle from radiographs in the weight bearing (WB) and supine positions compared with navigation-measured values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of navigation-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included. The pre- and postoperative whole leg radiographs (WLRs) in WB and supine positions were compared with the initial and final navigation values. RESULTS: The mean mechanical axis angle from the preoperative WBWLR and navigation were not statistically different (p=0.079) and were correlated strongly with each other (intraclass correlation [ICC], 0.818). However, on postoperative measurements, although the WBWLR and navigation values were not different (p=0.098), they were not correlated with each other (ICC, 0.093). The standard error of measurement was 1.8°±3.6° for the preoperative WBWLR and 2.5°±4.8° for the postoperative WBWLR. The validity that was determined by the Bland-Altman plot was not acceptable for both pre- and postoperative measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative WBWLR could provide accurate but not precise measurement value of the femorotibial mechanical axis angle for navigation-assisted TKA, and postoperative measurements in navigation were not comparable with radiographic measurements. The lack of agreement was found between the radiographic and navigation measurements of the coronal alignment regardless of pre- or postoperative evaluation although the accuracy was found acceptable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Knee ; Leg ; Reproducibility of Results ; Supine Position ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted ; Weight-Bearing

Background: and PurposeInterhospital transfer is an essential practical component of regional stroke care systems. To establish an effective stroke transfer network in South Korea, an interactive transfer system was constructed, and its workflow metrics were observed. Methods: In March 2019, a direct transfer system between primary stroke hospitals (PSHs) and comprehensive regional stroke centers (CSCs) was established to standardize the clinical pathway of imaging, recanalization therapy, transfer decisions, and exclusive transfer linkage systems in the two types of centers. In an active case, the time metrics from arrival at PSH (“door”) to imaging was measured, and intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular treatment (EVT) were used to assess the differences in clinical situations. Results: The direct transfer system was used by 27 patients. They stayed at the PSH for a median duration of 72 min (interquartile range [IQR], 38–114 min), with a median times of 15 and 58 min for imaging and subsequent processing, respectively. The door-to-needle median times of subjects treated with IVT at PSHs (n=5) and CSCs (n=2) were 21 min (IQR, 20.0–22.0 min) and 137.5 min (IQR, 125.3–149.8 min), respectively. EVT was performed on seven subjects (25.9%) at CSCs, which took a median duration of 175 min; 77 min at the PSH, 48 min for transportation, and 50 min at the CSC. Before EVT, bridging IVT at the PSH did not significantly affect the door-to-puncture time (127 min vs. 143.5 min, p=0.86). Conclusions The direct and interactive transfer system is feasible in real-world practice in South Korea and presents merits in reducing the treatment delay by sharing information during transfer.

We report a case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with chronic renal failure in a patient with unilateral renal artery stenosis. A 38-year-old woman presented with malignant hypertension, massive proteinuria and renal insufficiency. MR angiography showed proximal stenosis of the right renal artery and biopsy of the left kidney revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The patient responded favorably to the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, as the blood pressure and urinary protein decreased. This case showed that FSGS is a pathophysiologic mechanism of renal injury in uncontrolled renovascular hypertension.
Adult ; Angiography ; Biopsy ; Blood Pressure ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Malignant ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Kidney ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Proteinuria ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Renal Artery Obstruction* ; Renal Artery* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the number and characteristics of patients eligible for endovascular treatment (EVT) determined using three different selection methods: clinical-core mismatch, target mismatch, and collateral status. METHODS: Using the data of consecutive patients from two prospectively maintained registries of university medical centers, the number and characteristics of patients according to the three selection methods were investigated and their correlation was analyzed. Patients with anterior circulation stroke due to occlusion of the middle cerebral and/or internal carotid artery and a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ≥6 points, who arrived within 8 hours or between 6 and 12 hours of symptom onset and underwent magnetic resonance imaging prior to EVT, were included. Collateral status was assessed using magnetic resonance perfusion-derived collateral flow maps. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-five patients were investigated; the proportions of patients who were eligible and ineligible for EVT in all three selection methods were both small (n=85, 25.4%; n=54, 16.1%, respectively). The intercorrelation among the three selection methods was low (κ=0.235). The baseline NIHSS score and onset-to-selection time interval were associated with the presence of clinical-core mismatch, while the penumbra/core volume ratio and onset-to-selection time interval were related to target mismatch; none of these variables were associated with collateral status. The infarct core volume was associated with favorable profiles in all three selection methods. CONCLUSIONS: Although the application of individual selection methods resulted in favorable outcomes after EVT in clinical trials, there is a significant discrepancy in EVT eligibility depending on the selection method used.
Academic Medical Centers ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Prospective Studies ; Registries ; Stroke