No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: To know the present conditions of industrial accidents in automobile factories in Korea and make the basic materials essential to prevention of industrial accidents METHODS: We reviewed and analyzed the records of industrial accidents occurred in an automobile factory in 1997 by time of occurrence, job categories(fixed production, skilled trades, mechanical material handling, and clerical 8r technical), type of injury, kind of accident, and location of injury. RESULTS: 1. By age groups, the accident rate was the highest in age 45-49(1.6 %o) followed by age 35-39(1.3 %), 40-44(0.9 %), 30-34(0.9 %), 25-29(0.6 %), and 20-24(0.4 %) and by working duration, it was highest in group of experience over 25 years, and so we could see that the more age or working duration increases the more accident rate increases. 2. By work time, the accident rate was the highest in 10-11 a.m. (21.4 %) followed by 2-3 p.m. (17.9%). By the day of the week, it was as follows, Friday(20.5%) Wednesday (17. 9%), Monday (16. 2 %), Thesday (15. 4 %), Saturday (12. 0 %), Thursday(11.1 %), Sunday(6.8 %) in order. By the month, it was high in May(17.9 %), March(11.1 %), and April(11.1 %) followed by August(10.3 %) and January(9.4 %), so we could see it was high in spring. 3. The most frequent injury was in the back by 41.0 % followed by 17 cases in fingers(14.5 %), legs(9.4 %), hands(7.7 %), head(6.0 %) in order. And by the type of injuries, the sprain was most frequent by 38. 5% followed by fracture(22. 2 %, lumbar HNP(11.1 %), and contusion(9.4 %) in order. The causes of accident were handling heavy materials(34.2 %), upset(17.1 %), stenosis(16.2 %), and falling(6.8 %) in order. CONCLUSIONS: By the above results, to prevent the industrial accidents in automobile factories in Korea, preventive activities for handling heavy materials and back injury, and continuous industrial education are necessary.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Automobiles* ; Back Injuries ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Sprains and Strains

BACKGROUND: Diuretic agents are widely used in the treatment of variable diseases. Although some diuretics may cause photosensitive reactions, this has been a relatively neglwted area of investigation. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to examine whether or not the diuretic agents could cause phototoxicity with the photohemolysis test and with the Candida albica as test. METHOD: Photohemolysis test: Fresh human red blood cells (RHC) were washed and diluted to 200 fold of original volume with TCM buffer. Test compound suspension, were added to the diluted blood at the final concentration of 10 M. Each sample was irradiated with 50 J/cm of UVA, and control samples were incubated in water bath with light shielding. After additional incubation in a dark water bath for 30 minutes the sarnples were centrifuged. After adding Drabkins reagent, measurement of absorbance of the supernatents by speetrophotometer at 420, 540, 550nm were performed. The degree of photohemolysis was determined by comparing the results wiith the control solution. Candide elbicens test wenty microliter of each solution of arious diuretics were applied to Sabourauds dextrose agar plate in which Candida albicanp had been diffusely applied previously. Four hours after the application, 80 J/cm of UVA was irradiated. The irraicated plates and nonirradiated controls were incubated in a darlI room for 48 hours, and were examined clearzones arround the drugs as the mean of positive results fcir the phototoxic potential of the drugs. RESULTS: The photohemolyeii; vaIues of azosemide, spironolaetonet, iamterene, and xipamide at 420, 540, and 550nm were 70.57%/28.36%/31.61%/83.65%/16.40%/15.21%/75.66%/25.40%/28.17%, and 14.02%/9.11%/8.99% respectively, which exceeds the mear,injful positive value of above 5 , With the Candida olbicans test all teat solution at concentration of 1% and 5% showed negstive results. CONCLUSION: A phototoxic reaction may be triggered by azosemide, spironolactone, triamterene, and xipamide, and the possible mechanism concerned may be directed to cellular membranes. However with the negative result of knowed photosensitizers like hydrochlorthiazid and furosemide, there may be other possibilities for the explenation of phototoxicity. Thus further stirdies may be necessary to investigate more details about the cliscrepancies in greates detail.
Agar ; Baths ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Dermatitis, Phototoxic ; Dermis ; Diuretics ; Erythrocytes ; Furosemide ; Glucose ; Humans ; Membranes ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Spironolactone ; Triamterene ; Water ; Xipamide

BACKGROUND: Diuretic agents are widely used in the treatment of variable diseases. Although some diuretics may cause photosensitive reactions, this has been a relatively neglwted area of investigation. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to examine whether or not the diuretic agents could cause phototoxicity with the photohemolysis test and with the Candida albica as test. METHOD: Photohemolysis test: Fresh human red blood cells (RHC) were washed and diluted to 200 fold of original volume with TCM buffer. Test compound suspension, were added to the diluted blood at the final concentration of 10 M. Each sample was irradiated with 50 J/cm of UVA, and control samples were incubated in water bath with light shielding. After additional incubation in a dark water bath for 30 minutes the sarnples were centrifuged. After adding Drabkins reagent, measurement of absorbance of the supernatents by speetrophotometer at 420, 540, 550nm were performed. The degree of photohemolysis was determined by comparing the results wiith the control solution. Candide elbicens test wenty microliter of each solution of arious diuretics were applied to Sabourauds dextrose agar plate in which Candida albicanp had been diffusely applied previously. Four hours after the application, 80 J/cm of UVA was irradiated. The irraicated plates and nonirradiated controls were incubated in a darlI room for 48 hours, and were examined clearzones arround the drugs as the mean of positive results fcir the phototoxic potential of the drugs. RESULTS: The photohemolyeii; vaIues of azosemide, spironolaetonet, iamterene, and xipamide at 420, 540, and 550nm were 70.57%/28.36%/31.61%/83.65%/16.40%/15.21%/75.66%/25.40%/28.17%, and 14.02%/9.11%/8.99% respectively, which exceeds the mear,injful positive value of above 5 , With the Candida olbicans test all teat solution at concentration of 1% and 5% showed negstive results. CONCLUSION: A phototoxic reaction may be triggered by azosemide, spironolactone, triamterene, and xipamide, and the possible mechanism concerned may be directed to cellular membranes. However with the negative result of knowed photosensitizers like hydrochlorthiazid and furosemide, there may be other possibilities for the explenation of phototoxicity. Thus further stirdies may be necessary to investigate more details about the cliscrepancies in greates detail.
Agar ; Baths ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Dermatitis, Phototoxic ; Dermis ; Diuretics ; Erythrocytes ; Furosemide ; Glucose ; Humans ; Membranes ; Photosensitizing Agents ; Spironolactone ; Triamterene ; Water ; Xipamide

No abstract available.
Neuroblastoma*

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Glutamate is a major neurotrammitter in corticostriatal, subthalamopallidal, and subthalamonigral pathways and interacts with other neurotrammitters. The study was done to investigate the effects of NMDA blockade on dopaminergic responses. METHODS: We made a unilateral Parkinson model in rats by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra. Rotational behavior was observed using apomorphine (mixed Dl/D2 agonist, 0. 5 mg/kg), SKF 38393 (Dl agonist, 1. 5 mg/kg), LY-171555 (D2 agonist, 0. I mg/kg), MK-801 (uncompetitive NMDA blocker, 0. 067 mg/kg), and memantine (non competitive NMDA blocker, 10 mg/kg). RESULTS: Contralateral rotation was induced by apomorphine (total turns for 2 hours, 1160+/-154), SKF 38393 (total turns for 3 hours, 1374+/-400), and LY 171555 (total turns for 3 hours 2316+/-395). NMDA antagonists per se induced mild ipsilateral rotation (MK 801; 587+/-131, memantine; 166+36). Apomorphine induced rotation was potentiated by MK 801 (1683+/-186, p<0.05) and memantine (170+/-264, p<0.05). SKF 38393 induced rotation tended to be potetiated by MK-801 (2451+/-741, p=0.08) and memantine (1794+/-450, p=0.21), though not statistically significant. However, LY 171555 induced rotation was reduced by MK-801 (1153+/-284, p<0.05) ad memantine (22.1+/-42.5, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: NMDA blockers act synergistically with Dl- and antagonistically with D2-mediated behavioural responses, suggesting that glutamate has different interactions with Dl- and D2 pathway.
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine ; Animals ; Apomorphine ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Glutamic Acid ; Hydroxydopamines* ; Memantine ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Oxidopamine ; Rats* ; Substantia Nigra

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the prognostic efficacy of the number and location of positive lymph nodes (LN), LN ratio (LNR), and log odds of positive LNs (LODDs) in high-risk cervical cancer treated with radical surgery and adjuvant treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty high-risk patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic node dissection followed by adjuvant treatment were analyzed retrospectively. The patients had International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IA2-IIB. Upper LN is defined as common iliac or higher LN, and LNR is the ratio of positive LNs to harvested LNs. LODDs is log odds between positive LNs and negative LNs. Radiotherapy was delivered to the whole pelvis with median 50.4 Gy/28 Fx± to the para-aortic regions. Platinum-based chemotherapy was used in most patients (93%). The median follow-up duration was 80 months. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 76.1%, and the overall survival (OS) rate was 86.4%. Treatment failure occurred in 11 patients, and distant failure (DF) was the dominant pattern (90.9%). In univariate analysis, significantly lower DFSwas observed in patients with perineural invasion, ≥ 2 LN metastases, LNR ≥ 10%, upper LN metastasis, and ≥ -1.05 LODDs. In multivariate analysis, ≥ -1.05 LODDs was the only significant factor for DFS (p=0.011). Of patients with LODDs ≥ -1.05, 40.9% experienced DF. LODDs was the only significant prognostic factor for OS as well (p=0.006). CONCLUSION: LODDs ≥ -1.05 was the only significant prognostic factor for both DFS and OS. In patients with LODDs ≥ -1.05, intensified chemotherapy might be required, considering the high rate of DF.
Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Lymph Nodes* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Obstetrics ; Pelvis ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Failure ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Background: This study aimed to examine the disease burden of North Korean defectors in South Korea by sex, age, and disease from 2000 to 2018 and to study the changes in the disease burden over time. Methods: Based on the incidence-based disability-adjusted life year (DALY) developed in a Korean National Burden of Disease (KNBD) study, we calculated the years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for approximately 22,753 North Korean defectors in South Korea whose claims data were available from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Results: In 2018, the rates of YLL, YLD, and DALY for North Korean defectors per 100,000 population was 3,763 (male 8,491; female 2,404), 37,683 (male 27,742; female 40,539), and 41,446 (male 36,233; female 42,943), respectively. Major depressive disorders constituted the highest DALY, followed by cirrhosis of the liver and low back pain. The disease burden of North Korean defectors consistently decreased from 2010 to 2018. The decrease in YLD contributed to the overall decline in DALY per 100,000 population in 2018, which decreased by 25.2% compared to that in 2010. Conclusion This is the first study to measure the disease burden of North Korean defectors in South Korea. Given the decreasing or substantially increasing trends in disease burden, it is necessary to establish appropriate public health policies in a timely manner, and the results of this study provide a basis for the development of customized public health and healthcare policies for North Korean defectors in South Korea.

Background: This study aimed to examine the disease burden of North Korean defectors in South Korea by sex, age, and disease from 2000 to 2018 and to study the changes in the disease burden over time. Methods: Based on the incidence-based disability-adjusted life year (DALY) developed in a Korean National Burden of Disease (KNBD) study, we calculated the years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for approximately 22,753 North Korean defectors in South Korea whose claims data were available from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Results: In 2018, the rates of YLL, YLD, and DALY for North Korean defectors per 100,000 population was 3,763 (male 8,491; female 2,404), 37,683 (male 27,742; female 40,539), and 41,446 (male 36,233; female 42,943), respectively. Major depressive disorders constituted the highest DALY, followed by cirrhosis of the liver and low back pain. The disease burden of North Korean defectors consistently decreased from 2010 to 2018. The decrease in YLD contributed to the overall decline in DALY per 100,000 population in 2018, which decreased by 25.2% compared to that in 2010. Conclusion This is the first study to measure the disease burden of North Korean defectors in South Korea. Given the decreasing or substantially increasing trends in disease burden, it is necessary to establish appropriate public health policies in a timely manner, and the results of this study provide a basis for the development of customized public health and healthcare policies for North Korean defectors in South Korea.

We report an unusual case of venous thrombosis complicated by pyogenic psoas muscle abscess in a patient with chronic biliary tract disease. A 64-year-old woman presented with high fever and progressive back and left flank pain. She had been admitted because of recurrent cholangitis and liver abscess 7 months ago. Both abscess and blood cultures had revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae and she had improved with treatment of antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of abscess. Computed tomography demonstrated psoas abscess and thrombosis of inferior vena cava and left iliac vein adjacent to abscess. Several days later, abscess culture showed Klebsiella pneumoniae. Because there was no evidence of deep vein thrombosis and the thrombosis was confined only to the vein adjacent to the abscess, we considered that the thrombosis would be associated with the abscess. She was immediately treated with percutaneous drainage of abscess and antibiotics. Follow-up computed tomography demonstrated complete disappearance of both psoas abscess and venous thrombosis.
Abscess* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Biliary Tract Diseases ; Cholangitis ; Drainage* ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iliac Vein ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Liver Abscess ; Middle Aged ; Psoas Abscess* ; Psoas Muscles ; Thrombosis ; Veins ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Venous Thrombosis*