OBJECTIVE: This study was to evaluate whether epidural analgesia of labor is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery. METHOD: The study was undertaken for the clinical evaluation on the patients with singleton infants in vertex presentations who had been admitted and delivered at Soonchunhyang Kumi Hospital from January, 1996 to December, 1996. RESULT: The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in incidence of cesarean delivery between nulliparous women receiving epidural analgesia(20.26%) and those who did not receive epidural analgesia(19.36%). But nulliparous women who received epidural analgesia were significant increase in operative vaginal delivery than those who did not receive epidural analgesia (0.08% of the no-epidural and 6.61% of the epidural group). 2. Among the indication for cesarean section, nulliparous women who received epidural analgesia were significant increase in incidence of failure to progress only than those who did not receive epidural analgesia (63.71% of the non-epidural and 84.78% of the epidural group). 3. There was no statistic significance in incidence of fetal distress only between women receiving epidural analgesia and those who did not receive epidural analgesia. 4. There showed no significant difference in new born Apgar score between women receiving epidural analgesia and those who did not receive epidural analgesia. 5. The subjective and objective successful epidural effects were noted excellent 22.91%, good 66.96% in nulliparous women and excellent 30.41%, good 61.48% in multiparous women. 6. Concerning complications of epidural anesthesia, backache was most frequent(8.00%), voiding difficulty, shivering, nausea/vomiting, hypotension, headache, dura puncture in orders. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study shows that epidural analgesia may increase substantially the risk of operative vaginal delivery and the incidence of cesarean delivery for which failure to progress only was listed as an indication in nulliparous women. Although the causal nature of this association remains open to debate, prenatal care providers should routinely discuss the risks and benefits of epidural analgesia with women during their pregnancies so that can make informed decisions about the use of pain relief during labor.
Analgesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Back Pain ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fetal Distress ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infant ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Punctures ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Shivering

The Pill Questionnaire (PillQ) has been proposed as a simple way to evaluate cognitive deficits and their impact on the daily lives of those with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by asking patients or caregivers about whether patients can independently manage their pills. We used the PillQ to investigate the association of ability to manage medication with cognition and activities of daily living (ADLs) in patients with PD. Patients were divided into two groups based on PillQ scores. The no-impact group was able to take their antiparkinsonian medication independently, and the impact group exhibited problems describing their treatment or taking their drugs independently. A total of 208 participants (93 men) were included. 111 patients (53.4%) were included in the no-impact group, and 97 (46.6%) were included in the impact group. The impact group showed significantly lower cognitive functioning, difficulties with the performance of ADLs, and severe motor dysfunction. PillQ scores were significantly correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and Clinical Dementia Rating scores. Management of medication by PD patients is associated with cognitive function, and the PillQ is an easy and useful test for detecting cognitive impairment and its impact on daily life.

No abstract available.
Electrodes* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Meningiomas, one of the most common neoplasms of the central nervous system, may be encountered incidentally during autopsy. Most of these tumors, however, are benign and hence, are not considered as the chief cause of death. Further, sudden unexpected death caused by meningioma is very unusual. Moreover, the diagnosis of an incidental meningioma as the cause of sudden death may sometimes be difficult. In the present report, we describe an autopsy case of a sudden, unexpected death due to a large olfactory groove meningioma accompanied by severe cerebral edema and tonsillar herniation.
Autopsy ; Brain Edema ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cause of Death ; Central Nervous System ; Death, Sudden ; Diagnosis ; Encephalocele ; Meningioma*

Background & Objective: The MAPT H1 haplotype and SNCA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs356219 have been reported to have a synergistic effect on the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Because the H1/H1 genotype has been reported to predominate in Korean population, we investigated the polymorphism of rs356219 in 878 PD patients and 559 controls. Methods: The SNCA SNP rs356219 was analyzed in 878 PD patients and in 559 healthy Korean subjects. Results: The G allele of SNCA SNP rs356219 was found to contribute to PD susceptibility with odds ratios (ORs) similar to those reported previously. However, the ORs were not as large as that of the SNCA rs356219 plus MAPT H1/H1 combination reported in the literature, which cast doubt on the existence of a synergistic effect between the two genotypes in our population. Conclusions: This study supports that the G allele of the SNCA SNP rs356219 contributes to PD susceptibility as reported previously, but it does not support the presence of a synergistic interaction between SNCA and MAPT.

No abstract available.
Cytomegalovirus Infections*

No abstract available.
Autopsy* ; Down Syndrome* ; Leukemia* ; Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells*

No abstract available.
Autopsy* ; Down Syndrome* ; Leukemia* ; Megakaryocyte Progenitor Cells*

Uterine sarcomas are relatively rare tumors of mesodermal origin that constitute 2-6% of uterine malignancies. Uterine sarcomas include endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), leiomyosarcoma (LMS), malignant mixed m llerian tumor (MMMT) of both homologous and heterologous type, pure heterologous sarcomas, blood vessel sarcomas, and lymphoma. Endometrial stromal tumors are divided into three types: 1) endometrial stromal nodule, 2) low-grade stromal sarcoma or endolymphatic stromal myosis, and 3) endometrial stromal sarcoma. The low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is very rare. It shows occasional local recurrence, which might arise from endometrial stroma, from adenomyosis, and rarely from endometriosis. We have experienced a case of low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus in a 54-year-old woman, which is presented with a review of literatures.
Adenomyosis ; Blood Vessels ; Endometrial Stromal Tumors ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lymphoma ; Mesoderm ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal* ; Uterus*

There are a few reports on tarsal tunnel syndrome resulting from the intraneural ganglion. Although it can occur through a connection with the adjacent joint, there is no consensus on its pathogenesis and treatment method. This paper reports a case of tarsal tunnel syndrome resulting from the intraneural ganglion of the medial plantar nerve of the tibial nerve.
Consensus ; Ganglion Cysts* ; Joints* ; Methods ; Recurrence* ; Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Tibial Nerve*