Purpose: We evaluated the 3-month, postoperative clinical outcomes of patients implanted with refractive, aspheric, bifocal, Lentis Comfort (LS313-MF15, Oculentis) intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: Eighty-two eyes of 51 cataract patients underwent phacoemulsification and were implanted with LentisComfort IOLs. The uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA), the 80-cm uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UCIVA), the 40-cm uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), and refractive values were evaluated 1 and 3 months postoperatively. At the latter time, defocus curves were drawn, contrast sensitivity tested, and satisfaction surveyed. Results: At the 3-month postoperative follow-up, the mean spherical equivalent was -0.12 ± 0.21 D; and the mean LogMAR UCDVA, 80-cm UCIVA, and 40-cm UCNVA were 0.02 ± 0.03, 0.13 ± 0.07, and 0.42 ± 0.10 respectively. The defocus curves revealed visual acuities in excess of 0.2 LogMAR at points between the distant and intermediate targets. The mean contrast sensitivity fell in the range of 90% of a normal population under both photopic and mesopic conditions. In terms of satisfaction, 71.8% of patients were satisfied or very satisfied, but about 20% reported dysphotopsia. Conclusions Implantation of the refractive, aspheric, bifocal, intraocular, LentisComfort in patients with cataracts improved both the distant and intermediate visual acuities by 3 months after surgery and the visual quality was comparable to that afforded by other IOLs both objectively and subjectively.

No abstract available.
Cochlear Nucleus ; Patch-Clamp Techniques

Toxoplasmosis is a ubiquitous protozoan infection caused by coccidian Toxoplasma gondii. In an immunocompetent host, the primary infection is generally oligosymptomatic and self-limiting. Fewer than 10% of infected subjects are symptomatic, with lymphadenopathy as the most frequent clinical finding. Here, two cases of Toxoplasmic lymphadenitis are reported for otolaryngologists to consider the clinical findings and natural history aspects of this infection.
Head* ; Lymphadenitis* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Natural History ; Neck* ; Protozoan Infections ; Toxoplasma ; Toxoplasmosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although there have been some reports that measured the size of the mastoid pneumatization, only a few studies have reported the age-related variations in the mastoid air cell system using three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction techniques of computed tomography (CT) images. This study presents that 3D reconstruction techniques of CT images can be used to measure the volume of mastoid pneumatization. In adddition, normal development of the mastoid air cell system in Koreans was evaluated. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Retrospective study. A 3D reconstruction based on the image data obtained from CT was performed in the 205 ears of 105 patients without otologic diseases in order to measure the volume of mastoid pneumatization by a surface-rendering algorithm on a personal computer. RESULTS: The mastoid pneumatization continued to grow until the third decade. Thereafter, it declined slowly, and then rapidly after the seventh decade. The mean volume of mastoid pneumatization was 7095.2 mm3 in Korean adults. No statistically significant difference was found between males and females or between right and left sides. There was a significant difference between the larger and smaller sides of individuals. CONCLUSION: The volume measurement technique based on the 3D reconstruction technique reported here is widely available, highly accurate, and easy to perform. The results of this study may be helpful in evaluating the mastoid air cell system and for managing mastoid diseases.
Adult ; Ear ; Ear Diseases ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid* ; Microcomputers ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Ezetimibe* ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors* ; Mean Platelet Volume*

The diagnostic possibility and the incidence of ectopic pregnancy are increasing due to several factor. Furthermore, radioimmunoassay of serum β-HCG and US make it possible to diagnose early before the tubal rupture. A conventional surgical approach has been considered as a choice of treatments. Until recent years, however, surgery may have considerable risk of infertility and sugical hazard. In view of the natural tendency of some ectopic pregnancies to terminate in tubal abortion or complete resorption, we tried to cure ectopic pregnancy with nonsurgical transcervical intervention. Five of 8 patients with unruptured tubal pregnancies, it was possible to inject PGF2a into the tubes or gestational sac. 4 of them were ended up with satisfactory reduction of serum β-HCG level and improvement of symptoms & signs. In only one patient, β-HCG level remained a high level continuously, so salpingectomy was done. As a result, we consider that fluoroscopy-guided transcervical interventional procedure is a useful treatment modality for early unruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture ; Salpingectomy

The diagnostic possibility and the incidence of ectopic pregnancy are increasing due to several factor. Furthermore, radioimmunoassay of serum β-HCG and US make it possible to diagnose early before the tubal rupture. A conventional surgical approach has been considered as a choice of treatments. Until recent years, however, surgery may have considerable risk of infertility and sugical hazard. In view of the natural tendency of some ectopic pregnancies to terminate in tubal abortion or complete resorption, we tried to cure ectopic pregnancy with nonsurgical transcervical intervention. Five of 8 patients with unruptured tubal pregnancies, it was possible to inject PGF2a into the tubes or gestational sac. 4 of them were ended up with satisfactory reduction of serum β-HCG level and improvement of symptoms & signs. In only one patient, β-HCG level remained a high level continuously, so salpingectomy was done. As a result, we consider that fluoroscopy-guided transcervical interventional procedure is a useful treatment modality for early unruptured ectopic pregnancy.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Pregnancy, Tubal ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rupture ; Salpingectomy

Hyperreactio luteinalis is a rare disease characterized by marked cystic enlargement of the ovary due to multiple benign theca lutein cyst. The cause of this disease is not well known but is believed to be induced by high serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG). It occurs usually in gestational trophoblastic disease, multiple pregnancies, and rarely in normal pregnancy. In nature, hyperreactio luteinalis is a benign condition. Therefore, the appropriate management is conservative, but surgical intervention is definitely indicated to remove infarcted tissue, control hemorrhage, or decrease androgen production in virilized patients. Here we report a case of hyperreactio luteinalis which was diagnosed at 11 weeks gestation. Lower abdominal pain was developed and progressed. Emergent right wedge oophorectomy and left salpingoophorectomy was performed due to probable torsion of left ovarian cyst and the pregnancy maintained. Theca lutein cysts were confirmed on pathologic examination.
Abdominal Pain ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Female ; Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Lutein ; Ovarian Cysts ; Ovariectomy ; Ovary ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Rare Diseases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tonsillectomy for upper airway obstruction in children has increased but there isn't enough objective data to support such assessment. The purpose of this study was to establish some objective guide for surgery in obstructive apneic children using polysomnography and to compare the polysomnographic results with predictive clinical data, so as to determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with suggestive history. We also tried to understand the characteristics of OSA in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Predictive value of OSA was scored based on history, physical examination and X-ray images and compared with the standard overnight polysomnography in fifty-one children who were suggestive of OSA. Postoperative polysomnography was performed in five children who remained apneic. RESULTS: Twenty-two (43%) children with suggestive OSA had respiratory disturbance index (RDI) greater than 5. Among thirty-five (68.6%) who underwent surgery, five (9.8%) children remained apneic with snoring but mean and the longest apnea duration reduced significantly. There was no difference between the obstructive group and non-obstructive group in sleep architecture but minimum oxygen saturation, apnea index, mean apnea duration and hypopnea index showed significant difference. Predictive clinical score and RDI had weak correlation (r=0.25). Non-obstructive group showed higher composition of centeral apnea than the obstructive group. CONCLUSION: History, physical examination and X-ray studies alone are not sufficient to assess the severity of OSA. Polysomnographic study adjusted for children should be done for correct diagnosis in children who do not show any other indication for surgery.
Airway Obstruction ; Apnea ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Oxygen ; Physical Examination ; Polysomnography ; Prevalence ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* ; Snoring ; Tonsillectomy

OBJECTIVE: Sural nerve conduction study is known to be one of the sensitive tests for detecting neuropathies. In peripheral neuropathy, the distal sural nerve, lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of sural nerve (LDCBSN), may be more easily affected than proximal portion of the sural nerve. To evaluate the clinical application of LDCBSN conduction study and amplitude comparison between sural nerve and LDCBSN in peripheral neuropathy. METHOD: Antidromic conduction studies were performed for sural nerve and LDCBSN and amplitude between two nerve responses were obtained in 30 controls (mean age, 46) and 30 patients with diabetic neuropathy (mean age, 54), but obtainable sural sensory response. The active recording electrodes were placed were placed over the dorsolateral surface at the midpoint of the fifth metatarsal for LDCBSN and posterior aspect of lateral malleolus for sural nerve. The stimulating electrodes were placed 12 cm proximal to the active electrodes in both nerves. RESULTS: LDCBSN response was obtainable in all controls and not obtainable in 7 diabetic patients in whom the amplitude of sural response was less than 5 uV. The amplitude of LDCBSN to sural nerve was approximately 35% in controls and 22% in diabetic patients, which was statistically significant (p=0.00). CONCLUSION: LDCBSN conduction study is sensitive test to detect peripheral neuropathies and amplitude ratio of LDCBSN to sural nerve can be used in the evaluation of peripheral neuropathies.
Diabetic Neuropathies* ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Sural Nerve*