Osteoporosis is a major health-care problem for aging communities. And postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common disorder characterized by an increase in bone resorption relative to bone formation, generally in conjunction with an increased rate of bone turnover. Twenty female rats were used as rat model of osteoporosis. They randomly were divided into two groups: a normal control group, and calcium-free diet groups treated with bilateral ovariectomy. The animals were sacrified at 12 weeks after treatment. In the rats with osteoporosis, there was significant thining and loss of trabeculae, accompanied by a disconnection of trabeculae. And acid mucopolysaccharides were decreased in osteoporotic animals. In order to setup conditions of invivo micro-CT, proper anesthetic is ketamine (50 mg/kg) /xylazine (6 mg/kg). And proper breathing rate of experimental animals is 1.3~1.6/sec. Our finding suggest that bilateral ovariectomy and calcium-free diet induce decrease in thickeness of trabecular bone and decrease in acid mucopolysaccharide, therefore cause weakness of bone. And micro-CT imaging system is useful to evaluate trabecular bone. Anesthetic time, anesthetics and respiration rate also signify much in micro-CT imaging system.
Aging ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Bone Resorption ; Diet ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Humans ; Ketamine ; Models, Animal ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Respiration ; Respiratory Rate

Previous studies showed that whole body vibration could prevent bone resorption and stimulate new bone formation. The aim of this study is to detect and track effect of whole body vibration for osteoporotic bone of OVX rats. 12 Female rats were used and allocated into 5 group, CON, SHAM, WBV 17, WBV 30 and WBV 45. Rats except SHAM group were ovariectomised to induce osteoporosis. Rats in WBV groups were stimulated whole body vibration at magnitude of 1 mm(peak-peak) and frequency 17 Hz, 30 Hz and 45 Hz, repectively, for 8 weeks (20 min, 5 days/week). The 4th lumbar in rats were scanned at a resolution of 35 micrometer at baseline, before stimulation, and 8 weeks by In-vivo Micro-CT. To detect and track changes of morphological characteristics in lumbar trabecuar bone of rats, structural parameters were measured and calculated from acquiring images. In the results, changes of structural characteristics of WBV group were smaller than those of CON group. Loss of quantity of trabecular bone in WBV 45 was the least. In contrast, that in WBV 17 was the biggest. These results showed that reasonable whole body vibration beneficially affected osteoporotic bones. In addition to, whole body vibration was likely to be substituted partly for drug treatment.
Animals ; Bone Resorption ; Female ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Rats* ; Vibration*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The degree of noise induced hearing loss was determined principally according to the level and duration of noise and patient's state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cochlear histopathology and hearing threshold immediately after noise exposure according to duration of noise exposure, and finally to draw relationship between the cochlear pathology and hearing threshold. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Each group of animals (6 ears) has been exposed for 10 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours to an octave band of noise with a center frequency of 4000 Hz and a sound pressure level of 110 dB. After noise exposure, the hearing thresholds of the subjects were determined with auditory brainstem response (ABR) and immediately their inner ear were fixed and observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: ABR thresholds were increased according to lengthening of duration of noise exposure. TEM findings of outer hair cells, Deiters' cells and ganglion cells showed more severe degeneration according to lengthening of duration of noise exposure. Damages of all kinds of cells appeared almost at the same time. CONCLUSION: Through the foregone study, cochlear pathology was proportioned to increased hearing threshold, and the damages of outer hair cells and ganglion cells appeared almost at the same time. It seems that not only damages of outer hair cells, but also damages of ganglion cells contribute to early hearing threshold shift during continuous intense noise exposure.
Animals ; Cochlea* ; Ear, Inner ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hair ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing* ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Noise ; Pathology ; Rats*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Deviation of the nasal septum toward one side is often associated with an outgrowth of the inferior turbinate, which occupies the expansive space of the contralateral nasal cavity. It is assumed that this contrabalanced mechanism characterized by compensatory hypertrophy has originated to protect the more patent nasal side from excessive airflow with its drying and crusting effect. We tried to investigate histologic differences of inferior turbinate mucosa of both sides in patients with nasal septal deviation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Specimens were taken from the anterior portion of inferior turbinates of 15 patients with deviated nasal septum and compensatory hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate. After staining by hematoxylin-eosin, the histologic differences of bilateral turbinate mucosa were examined under light microscope. RESULTS: Epithelia of both sides showed normal or epithelial exfoliation. The number of submucosal glands was significantly higher in the opposite side than in the hypertrophied side. Inflammatory cell infiltration was more severe in the hypertrophied side than in the opposite side. CONCLUSION: Above results suggest that heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased number of glands in the hypertrophied side might result from aerodynamic change originated from difference of area of airway.
Humans ; Hypertrophy* ; Mucous Membrane ; Nasal Cavity ; Nasal Septum* ; Turbinates*

Otohematoma is a fairly common disease in otolaryngologic clinics. Many physicans have been challanged with various method of management on auricular hematoma. The initial treatment usually involves simple aspiration and a compression bandage. But most of these treatments are recurrent problems and eventually become the cauliflower ear. A treatment involves a total excision of the newly formed fibroneocartilaginous layer. If hematoma persists, perichondrium becomes irregular by thickned fibroneocartilage formation. We treated 11 patients with otoplasty to remove fibroneocartilage under local anesthesia. We found that the perichondrium formed severe fibroneocarilage and organization after 2 weeks. We studied the sequence of pathological changes that occurs after injury.
Anesthesia, Local ; Brassica ; Compression Bandages ; Ear ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Larynx ; Pathology

Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are rare, low-grade and malignant transforming solitary tumors consisting of neoplastic plasma cell proliferation that occurs in the bones of the head and neck. Ninety percent of solitary EMPs occur in the head and neck region: these constitute, however, less than 1% of all head and neck malignancies. EMPs represent up to 4% of nonepithelial lesions of the upper respiratory tract. On initial presentations, they must be differentiated from multiple myeloma. At first, EMPs are frequently seen as masses or swellings, accompanied by nasal or pharyngeal symptoms. EMPs are of special interest to otolaryngologists, because the majority of these unusual tumors are present in soft tissues of the head and neck. We present the patient with EMPs of tonsil and adenoid and discuss the related literature on the presentation, epidemiology, workup and management of patient with this rare neoplasm.
Adenoids* ; Epidemiology ; Head ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; Neck ; Palatine Tonsil* ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Respiratory System

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). METHODS: Clinicopathologic variables were obtained by examining the medical records of patients with PPC who were diagnosed and treated at our institute, between January 1996 and December 2005. To find prognostic factors, the association of clinicopathologic variables with survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: All patients had advanced-stage tumors. Residual tumor was smaller than 1 cm in 12 patients and was equal or larger than 1 cm in nine patients. The response rate to adjuvant chemotherapy was 47.6%. The median progression-free survival was eight months (range 1~95) and the median overall survival was 14 months (range 1~99). In univariate analysis, stage, the response to adjuvant chemotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with survival. However, in multivariate analysis, no variables were associated with survival. CONCLUSION: In spite of aggressive treatments, patients with PPC had poor prognosis. No prognostic factors were identified in this study.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Prognosis

There were few studies about anatomic characteristics in Korean humerus recently. In addition, there was no comparison between Westerner (European and American) and Korean in anatomic characteristics of humerus. The aims of this paper are therefore to investigate anatomic characteristics in Korean humerus and to compare them with those of Westerner humerus. The seventy-two humerus (male : 66, female : 6) were scanned by computed tomography and three dimensional (3D) models of humerus were then reconstructed from acquired cross-section images. The twenty-one anatomic characteristics of the humerus were analyzed and were measured for each humerus. From the results, humeral head vertical diameter in the present study was generally bigger than that in the previous study (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the anatomic characteristics of the right and left humerus in the present Korean (p>0.05). Humeral head inclination angle, greater tuberosity lateral offset distance, humeral head height in Korean were generally bigger than those in Westerner (p<0.05). This study may contribute to develop an optimal implants and prostheses for the treatment of humerus fractures of Koran.
Female ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Humerus ; Prostheses and Implants

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adhesion and stenosis are important in causing poor results of sinus surgery. Mitomycin C (MMC) is an antibiotic-antineoplastic agent that decreases fibroblast proliferation and scar formation. This study was designed to observe the effect of intraoperative application of mitomycin C on the size of the antrostomy site and mucociliary clearance rate after an endoscopic sinus surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 20 patients diagnosed with chronic sinusitis with nasal polyp were used. After middle meatal antrostomy, a piece of merocel soaked with 0.04 mg/mL MMC 1.5 mL was applied on right antrostomy site for 5 minutes. Left antrostomy site was used as control without applying MMC. The antrostomy size was measured by using gauze instrument under endoscopy at operation, 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. Mucocilliary clearance rate was assessed by saccharine time test after 2 weeks, 1, 3 and 6 month. RESULTS: The MMC group has showed lower incidence of stenosis, granulation and adhesion than the control group. At 1 month, the percentage of remaining antrostomy size was 61.6+/-31.6% in MMC group, whereas that of the control group was 46.9+/-23.3%. There was a significant difference in the antrostomy size between the two groups at 1 month, but there was no significant difference at 3 and 6 month. The saccharine time test between the two groups showed no significant difference after operation. CONCLUSION: The use of MMC will improve the success rate of sinus surgery if it is used as adjuvant therapy after antrostomy. Further study will be needed on the duration of application time, concentration of MMC and method.
Cicatrix ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endoscopy ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Incidence ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; Mitomycin* ; Mucociliary Clearance ; Nasal Polyps ; Saccharin ; Sinusitis