In case of young women treated with ovarian preservation in cervical cancer surgery, it is regarded pertinent to reduce the risk of early menopause resulting from adjuvant pelvic irradiation through ovarian transposition. On the other hand, lots of authors have raised questions in regard with the ovary being possibly affected by micrometastasis. Studies have reported appropriate indications of ovarian transposition and risk factors of ovarian metastasis to cope with this problem. We conducted ovarian transposition with cervical cancer patient who had no ovarian metastasis risk factors reported in previous literature and experienced such case that metastasis took place only in the ovary without spreading to other organs. This study is to report that case based on brief literature review.
Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Menopause ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Ovary ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

The incidence of multiple primary malignancy is extremely rare although the prevalence rate is increasing recently. There are several reasons of increment of multiple primary malignancy. First, the advances in the treatment and the diagnostic modality of malignancy have led to increased survival rate. So many of the patients who survived the first cancer could live long enough to develop additional primary cancers. Second, the long term effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been proved oncogenic. Third, increasing age, environmental carcinogen, some kinds of viral infection, and genetic predisposition have potentials for multiple carcinogenesis. Most of multiple primary cancer is double primary, however triple primary cancer is rare. We experienced a case of triple primary cancer involving endometrium, colon, and stomach. We report this case with a review of literatures.
Carcinogenesis ; Colon ; Drug Therapy ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Endometrium ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Stomach ; Survival Rate

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood and approximately 250 new cases are diagnosed in the U.S. each year. The most common sites for rhabdomyosarcoma are the head and neck (parameningeal, orbit, paryngeal etc.), the extremities, and the genitourinary tract. Histologically, it can be classified into embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and undifferentiated. Alveolar subtype accounts for approximately 25%. Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is very rare and its prognosis is very poor. Especially, cases that reported from vulva are extremely rare, and informations regarding treatment and prognosis are not standardized. We present a case of a girl with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of vulva with a review of a literature.
Extremities ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Orbit ; Prognosis ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Alveolar* ; Sarcoma ; Vulva*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate clinicopathologic findings of patients with small cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, and to evaluate the recurrence pattern and prognosis of patients with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Methods: From Jan. 1990, to Dec. 1997, 23 patients with small cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix were registered and followed-up at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Clinical characteristics, survival of these patients were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 23 cases of small cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, 17 cases(74%) were of the neuroendocrine type (NE group), and 6 cases(26.0%) of the squamous cell type (SCC group). The median age, FIGO stage, and treatment modality were not significant difference between two groups. Pelvic lymph node metastases were found 53% in NE group, and 33% in SCC group, but there were not significant difference between two groups(p>0.05). Three patients showed distant metastases in NE group(bone 18%, bladder 9%), but there was no distant metastasis in SCC group. The 3 year survival rate was 50.0% in SCC group and 32.1% in NE group, but there were not statistical significance(p>0.05). Six patients showed recurrence after treatment (4/17 cases in NE group, 2/6 cases in SCC group). Recurrence sites were liver (3/6, 50%), and lung (2/6, 33%), brain (2/6, 33%), retroperitoneum (1/6, 17%), and axillae lymph node (1/6, 17%). CONCLUSION: This study showed neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma may have more aggressive than squamous small cell carcinoma, but there were not significant difference in prognosis between the two groups. Because of limitation of number of patients, further large scaled multicenter studies are needed.
Axilla ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: This non-randomized retrospective study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and to evaluate the actual 5-year survival rate of the patients with invasive cancer of the cervix. METHODS: 489 evaluable patients with invasive cancer of the cervix were treated at Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January to December 1992. In this retrospective study, we studied the clinico-pathologic characteristics(age, FIGO stage, histologic type, nodal metastasis) and treatment modalities by the review of medical records. Especially, the survival was confirmed by the support of the police and government office. RESULTS: The most common subsets of patients were found in the group of FIGO stage IIb(32.5%) and age between 51 and 60(33%). Surgery was the main treatment in stage Ib/IIa(65%) and radiation in stage IIb or more(97%). Nodal metastasis were surgically identified in 6% of stage Ib, 29% of stage IIa and 36% of stage IIb. Overall actual 5-year survival rate was 72.2%; stage Ia(100%), Ib(94%), IIa(82%), IIb(63%), IIIa(36%), IIIb(47%), and IV(0%). The five-year survival rate according to LN status in surgically confirmed FIGO stage Ib-II patients were 91.9% in negative patients and 73.1% in positive patients respectively. Five-year survival rate was significantly different according to stage(P < 0.02) and nodal metastasis(p < 0.01). However, age and histologic type did not show any significant differences in survival. CONCLUSION: Overall actual five-year survival rate of 489 evaluable patients with invasive cancer of the cervix who were treated at Korea Cancer Center Hospital from January to December 1992 was 72.2%. Five-year survival rate was different according to stage and nodal metastasis.
Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Police ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Primary tumors of the mesentery are uncommon, and primary leiomyosarcoma of the mesentery is especially rare, and thus an accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult. We experienced a case of 32-year female with primary leiomyosarcoma of the mesentery. We report this case with a brief review of the literature.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Mesentery* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of primary peritoneal carcinoma (PPC). METHODS: Clinicopathologic variables were obtained by examining the medical records of patients with PPC who were diagnosed and treated at our institute, between January 1996 and December 2005. To find prognostic factors, the association of clinicopathologic variables with survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: All patients had advanced-stage tumors. Residual tumor was smaller than 1 cm in 12 patients and was equal or larger than 1 cm in nine patients. The response rate to adjuvant chemotherapy was 47.6%. The median progression-free survival was eight months (range 1~95) and the median overall survival was 14 months (range 1~99). In univariate analysis, stage, the response to adjuvant chemotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with survival. However, in multivariate analysis, no variables were associated with survival. CONCLUSION: In spite of aggressive treatments, patients with PPC had poor prognosis. No prognostic factors were identified in this study.
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical feasibility of FDG-PET (Positron Emission Tomography) scan in patients with clinically no evidence of disease after treatment of cervical cancer. METHODS: One hundred and one patients with clinically NED(no evidence of disease) state after treatment of cervical cancer underwent PET scan. FDG-PET scan was obtained with a GE Advance Scanner, beginning at 50 minutes after injection of 370-555 MBq(10-15 mCi) of 18F FDG. Regional scan was also obtained with emission image. Uptake exceeding 3.0 SUV was determined as a positive finding. Recurrence was confirmed by CT, MRI, and needle biopsy if possible. RESULTS: Among 101 patients showing no evidence of disease, 17 patients(16.8%) showed abnormal PET scan findings. Clinically, 8 patients(7.9%) were confirmed to have recurrent lesion by CT, MRI or by needle biopsy. PET scan could detect recurrent lesions in the mediastinum or lung(10/17), pelvis(7/17), and supraclavicular lymph node(2/17). The sensitivity and specificity of PET scan in patients with cervical cancer showing no evidence of disease were 100% and 90.3%, respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value and false positive rate were 47.1%, 100% and 52.9%. CONCLUSION: PET scan could detect 7.9% of early recurrence in patients with cervical cancer with NED status. FDG-PET scan may be a useful method in detecting metastases or recurrence of a cervical cancer showing no evidence of disease by routine conventional imaging studies.
Biopsy, Needle ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mediastinum ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in Korea. The most common histologic type of cervical cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. The simultaneous occurrence of histologically distinct squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix is extremely unusual. We have experienced two cases of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. We report these cases with a brief review of the literature.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the guideline adherence of nurses to chemotherapy administration guidelines. We determined the guideline adherence of nurses to the Chemotherapy Administration Safety Standards and the relationship between demographic characteristics and guideline adherence. METHODS: Survey sheets containing two questions on demographic characteristics and 16 questions on the guideline adherence of nurses regarding chemotherapy administration were distributed to all in-patient departments in our hospital in which chemotherapy was performed. All clinical nurses in the department were recommended to respond. RESULTS: Of 202 nurses, 123 responses were collected (61% response rate). The guideline adherence rate was >70% for 15 of 16 questions, but 55% of respondents indicated that there was no competency monitoring for nurses. Nurses with >7 years of clinical nursing experience felt more competent in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) than nurses with <7 years of clinical nursing experience (p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The guideline adherence rate of nurses with respect to chemotherapy administration was high, with the exception of the absence of a competency monitoring for nurses. A significant number of nurses with <7 years of clinical nursing experience felt incompetent in performing CPR.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Guideline Adherence ; Surveys and Questionnaires