The efficacy of gastrodin as a Chinese herbal medicine extract in the treatment of tension-type headache has been confirmed. This paper systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of gastrodin in the treatment of tension-type headache, aiming to provide a new choice for the treatment of this disease. In this study, four Chinese databases, four English databases and two trial registries were searched from the date of establishment to September 2020. The related randomized controlled trials(RCTs) were screened out according to the predetermined criteria. The bias risk assessment tool developed by Cochrane collaboration was used to evaluate the quality of the reports. RevMan 5.4.1 was used for Meta-analysis, and GRADE system for the evidence-based evaluation on the quality of outcome indicators. A total of 177 articles were retrieved and 8 articles were finally included for analysis, with a total sample size of 1 091 cases, which included 565 cases in the treatment group and 526 cases in the control group. The overall quality of included stu-dies was not high. The results of Meta-analysis are as follows:(1)In terms of headache frequency, gastrodin group was better than wes-tern medicine group(MD=-2.90, 95%CI[-3.76,-2.03], P<0.000 01).(2)In terms of number of abnormal blood vessels in TCD, gastrodin group was better than western medicine group(MD=-88.96, 95%CI[-102.36,-75.55], P<0.000 01).(3)In terms of effective rate, gastrodin group was better than western medicine group(RR=1.47, 95%CI[1.29, 1.68], P<0.000 01). The results of subgroup analysis are as follows:(1)Effective rate based on age, for the patients upper age limit 40-46 years old, gastro-din group was better than western medicine group(RR=1.69, 95%CI[1.50, 1.90], P<0.000 01); for the patients upper age limit 55-60 years old, gastrodin group was better than western medicine group(RR=1.27, 95%CI[1.16, 1.38], P<0.000 01).(2)Effective rate based on dosage form, both the gastrodin capsules and injection groups were better than western medicine group(RR_(capsules)=1.42, 95%CI[1.08, 1.88], P=0.01; RR_(injection)=1.50, 95%CI[1.26, 1.77], P<0.000 01). GRADE evaluation showed that the above outcomes had low quality of evidence. Only one article detailed the occurrence of adverse reactions and thus the present study cannot make a positive conclusion on the safety of gastrodin in the treatment of tension-type headache. The small number and low quality of the included reports affected the reliability of the results. In the future, more high-quality randomized controlled trails are needed to improve the evaluation on the efficacy and safety of gastrodin in the treatment of tension-type headache.
Adult ; Benzyl Alcohols/therapeutic use* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Glucosides ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tension-Type Headache

BACKGROUNDGastrodin, as one of the major components extracted from the Chinese herb Gastrodia elata Bl., has many biologic effects, one of which is anti-apoptosis. Apoptosis is considered to be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Therefore, we performed this study to investigate whether gastrodin has the potential to prevent steroid-induced ONFH.

METHODSAll 18 male adult Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups: the steroid group, the gastrodin+steroid group, and the control group. Osteonecrosis was induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide and subsequent high-dose methylprednisolone. Histomorphometric method was used to determine the incidence of osteonecrosis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect apoptotic index of osteocytes and osteoblasts. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3. Fisher's exact probability test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey's post hoc test were used to examine significant differences between groups.

RESULTSThe incidence of osteonecrosis in the gastrodin+steroid group (16.7%) was significantly lower than that in the steroid group (83.3%). According to TUNEL assay, the apoptotic indices in the steroid group, the gastrodin+steroid group, and the control group were 91.1%, 27.1%, and 5.4%, respectively, and the differences were significant between groups. Compared with the control group and the gastrodin+steroid group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly higher in the steroid group, but the Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower.

CONCLUSIONGastrodin could prevent steroid-induced ONFH by anti-apoptosis.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzyl Alcohols ; therapeutic use ; Femur Head Necrosis ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Glucosides ; therapeutic use ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Steroids ; pharmacology

This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of gastrodin( GAS) on hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral was chemic and to explore its mechanism of action related to NO. The cerebral ischemia model of C57 BL/6 mice was established by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. The pathological changes in hippocampal CA1 region and the cognitive function of mice were assessed by HE staining and Morris water maze test,respectively. The count of Brd U/Neu N positive cells in dentate gyrus was detected by immunofluorescence assay. The NOS activity and the NO content were determined by colorimetric and nitrate reduction methods,respectively.The level of c GMP was measured by ELISA kit,and the PKG protein expression was tested by Western blot. On postoperative day 8,the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons of mice showed irregular structure,with obvious nuclear pyknosis,loose cell arrangement and obvious decrease in the number of neurons. On postoperative day 29,the spatial learning ability and memory were decreased. These results indicated cerebral ischemia in mice. Meanwhile,the Brd U/Neu N positive cells were increased significantly in ischemic mice,indicating that neurogenesis occurred in hippocampus after cerebral ischemia. Treatment with different doses of gastrodin( 50 and 100 mg·kg-1) significantly ameliorated the pathological damages in the CA1 region,improved the ability of learning and memory,and promoted hippocampal neurogenesis. At the same time,both the NOS activity and the NO concentration were decreased in model group,but the c GMP level was increased,and the PKG protein expression was up-regulated. Gastrodin administration activated the NOS activity,promoted NO production,further increased c GMP level and up-regulated PKG protein expression. These results suggested that gastrodin can promote hippocampal neurogenesis after cerebral ischemia and improve cognitive function in mice,which may be related to the activation of NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.
Animals ; Benzyl Alcohols/therapeutic use* ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy* ; CA1 Region, Hippocampal/drug effects* ; Cognition ; Glucosides/therapeutic use* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurogenesis ; Signal Transduction

To explore the characteristics and influenced factors associated with the onset of vertigo disease, analysis of 3 719 cases of hospitalized patients with vertigo disease from the real world. Analysis the date of patients diagnosed with vertigo disease from the hospital information system of 19 grade-III class-A hospital from 2004 to 2011, include general information, the doctor's advice, other diseases combined, diagnostic information and the relationship with the onset of 24 solar terms, and the treatment drugs. The median age of hospitalized patients with vertigo disease was 59, the number of women (65.91%) was more than men (34.09%), manual workers (85.32%) were the majority career, most patients (81.63%) condition were general by the time they were hospital admission, patients more like admitted to neurologist (70.34%) when they first time to outpatient serves, hospitalization days were in 8-14 days (46.65%), 46.04% of the patients in the hospital total cost is in 5 000 RMB to 10 000 RMB, 73.86% of patients paid by National Health Medical Insurance. Hypertension (20.79%) was the most common underlying health problems, The most common syndromes was deficiency of liver-Yin and kidney-Yin(44. 21%) , followed by hyperactivity of liver-yang, disease of phlegm turbidity in mongolia and deficiency of Qi and blood. There were more deficiency syndrome and less excess syndrome. The highest rate of hospital admission solar terms in 2009 was the insects awaken throttle (5.21%), In 2010, the highest rate solar terms of hospital admission was the rain throttle (6.14%). The most frequently used traditional Chinese medicine was gastrodine injection (20.55%), the most frequently used western medicine for betahistine (10.19%), gastrodine injection was the most traditional Chinese medicine that combination with other western medicine. Hypertension was the most underlying health problems in the patients with vertigo disease in the real world, although the mental factors should also be attention. Liver was the most closely internal organs with vertigo, and solar terms in spring was the highest-frequency time. Gastrodine injection was the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicin in clinical to treat vertigo diserse, the therapeutic regimen combining with traditional Chinese and western medicine has more advantages. We should pay more attention to the guidance of Chinese medicine "syncretism between heaven and man", to keep up with the rhythm of change, adapt to the changes in the human body growth and decline of the Yin and Yang, by adopting the method of syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine to prevention and treatment vertigo disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzyl Alcohols ; therapeutic use ; Betahistine ; therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glucosides ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tiangou Jiangya capsule (TJC) on blood pressure in renovascular hypertension rats and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSeventy-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, captopril group, TJC small, medium and high dose groups. Non-invasive blood pressure measurement was used to detect the arterial blood pressure of rat tails. PRA, Ang II , ALD, 6-Keto-PGF1alpha, ET and TXB2 content in blood was measured by radioimmunoassay. NO content in blood was determined by method of nitrate reductase.

RESULTThe systolic, diastolic and mean pressure significantly increased, serum PRA, Ang II , ALD decreased, ET levels significantly increased in model group rats. TJC significantly reduced blood pressure, improved the plasma renin activity, decreased ET levels and increased NO content of model rats.

CONCLUSIONTJC can reduce blood pressure of renovascular hypertention rats, and the mechanism may be related to its regulating lower blood pressure regulation of the secretion of RAAS system and improving vascular endothelial function.

Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Furans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; blood ; drug therapy ; Lignans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Renin ; blood ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Tiangou Jiangya capsule on blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats.

METHODThe 13-14 week SPF rats were selected and randomly divided into model groups, the low, middle, high dose of Tiangou Jiangya capsule groups, positive control group administrated with captopril. Drugs were intragastric administrated once per day, lasting four weeks. The blood pressure, heart rate, heart ventricle indexes, urinary volume and the level of PRA,angiotensing II (Ang II), aldosterone (ALD) of rats were observed.

RESULTThe low, middle, high dose of Tiangou Jiangya capsule can remarkably reduce the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The low, middle dose can reduce the heart rate of rats (P < 0.01). The low dose can effectively inhibit the left ventricle indexes (P < 0.05). The Tiangou Jiangya capsule has no markedly effects on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity and urinary output of rats.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the Tiangou Jiangya capsule has evident effect of lowering blood pressure of rats, which is related to reducing heart rate, heart ventricle indexes, and has no effect on the RAAS and diuresis.

Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Diuresis ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Furans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Lignans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; drug effects ; Ventricular Function, Left ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Tiangou Jiangya capsule on blood pressure and hemodynamics in anesthetized Beagle dogs.

METHODAnesthetized dogs were divided into five groups: Tiangou Jiangya capsule 3-dose groups as 1.6, 3.2, 6.4 g x kg(-1), positive control group was giving captopril, negative control was giving 0.5% CMC-Na, duodenal administration. The blood pressure and hemodynamic changes were observed.

RESULTThe systolic blood pressure of middle-dose Tiangou Jiangya capsule group was significantly reduced at 30 min after administration. The systolic blood pressure (SAP) and diastolic blood pressure (DAP) of high-dose group of Tiangou Jiangya capsule was significantly reduced at 15 min to 90 min after administration. High-dose Tiangou Jiangya capsule can also significantly reduce cardiac work (LVW) and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Tiangou Jiangya capsule had no significant effect on the other hemodynamic parameters and myocardial oxygen consumption.

CONCLUSIONTiangou Jiangya capsule has a significant effect on reducing blood pressure, which is related to the reducing total peripheral resistance and reducing cardiac work. The result can provide a reference to further clarify the Tiangou Jiangya capsule mechanism on reducing blood pressure.

Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Benzyl Alcohols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Furans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Glucosides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Lignans ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Oxygen Consumption ; drug effects ; Vascular Resistance ; drug effects