The purposes of this study were to determine phenolic compounds and to evaluate antioxidant activities of plums (Soldam, Oishiwase and Formosa). Soldam contains the highest amount of total phenolics among cultivars (Formosa: 4.0%, Oishiwase: 3.3%, Soldam: 6.4% for total phenolic) as well as the total flavonoids of which constituents were mainly myricetin and anthocyanidin. The antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and SOD-like activities. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Korean plum extracts (200 microg/mL) showed more than 43%, and the Soldam turned out to be the highest : ID50 value: 160-177 microg/mL for Formosa and Oishiwase; 58-64 microg/mL for Soldam. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of Korean plum extracts (200 microg/mL) was found to be more than 50%. The SOD-like activity of Korean plum extracts (200 microg/mL) showed more than 70%. Among three kinds of cultivars, Soldam had the highest antioxidant activity. The nitrite scavenging activity of Soldam was 61.5%, which is the highest, compared with that of the other cultivars, about 50%. From these results, Korean plums turned out to be phytochemical rich fruit as well as to show high antioxidant activities.
Anthocyanins ; Benzothiazoles ; Flavonoids ; Fruit ; Phenol ; Prunus domestica ; Sulfonic Acids ; Taiwan

Pathologic gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder (ICD) or dopamine dysregulation syndrome (DDS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). ICD/DDS is presumed to be related to dopaminergic treatment in PD. Although increasing number of patients with ICD/DDS is being reported, ICD/DDS such as PG has not been reported in Korean PD patients. We describe a PD patient who developed PG secondary to dose adjustment of levodopa and pramipexole. His symptoms was controlled by reducing the dopaminergic drugs and adding a small amount of atypical antipsychotics.
Benzothiazoles ; Dopamine ; Dopamine Agents ; Gambling ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease

The principal objective of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of yanggaeng supplemented with powder derived from Sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus) mycelia. We analyzed the potential of utilizing Phellinus linteus mycelia as a functional food material by estimating total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, electron-donating abilities, as well as antioxidative activities of the water and ethanol extracts of Sanghwang mushroom mycelia. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of ethanol extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 0.69 mg/ml and 0.16 mg/ml, respectively, while the contents from the water extract of Phellinus linteus mycelia were 0.66 mg/ml and 0.22 mg/ml, respectively. The electron-donating abilities of ethanol and water extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 88.64 and 90.29%, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of ethanol and water extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 89.74 and 71.35%, respectively. In terms of color values, as the level of powder increased, the value of L (lightness) decreased, whereas those of a (redness) and b (yellowness) increased. In regard to the mechanical properties of the samples, we noted significant differences in hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess (P<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the score from SHM (Sanghwang mushroom mycelia) with 4% powder was significantly higher than other samples in terms of sweetness, color, taste, texture and overall quality (P<0.05). Taken together, the recommended level of Phellinus linteus mycelia powder in yanggaeng is 4% for optimal sensory characteristics.
Agaricales ; Benzothiazoles ; Ethanol ; Functional Food ; Hardness ; Phenol ; Sulfonic Acids ; Water

Gymnopilus spectabilis, a hallucinogenic mushroom belonging to the family Cortinariaceae, is found growing in dense clusters on stumps and logs of hardwoods and conifers. It contains the hallucinogenic alkaloid psilocybin and its strongly bitter taste makes it undesirable as an edible. In an effort to identify chemical constituents of Korean native wild mushrooms, 4,6-decadiyne-1,3,8-triol (1), ergosta-4,6,8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one (2), bisnoryangonin (3), and hispidin (4) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of G. spectabilis. Their structures were assigned on the basis of various spectroscopic studies. Compounds 3 and 4 displayed significant scavenging activity against the ABTS radical cation, DPPH radical, and superoxide radical anion, while 1 and 2 exhibited no antioxidant activity.
Agaricales ; Benzothiazoles ; Coniferophyta ; Fruit ; Humans ; Methanol ; Pyrones ; Sulfonic Acids ; Superoxides

PURPOSE: Acetanilide has been in widespread use as an amide herbicide compound. However, available data regarding acute human poisoning is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of acetanilide poisoning in order to identify the risk factors associated with severity. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study encompassing the period January 2005 to December 2010, including adult ED patients suffering from acetanilide intoxication. Toxicological history, symptoms observed, clinical signs of toxicity, and laboratory test results were collected for each patient. The patients were classified into two groups for analysis, according their poisoning severity score (PSS). Resulting clinical data and prognostic variables were compared between mild-to-moderate poisoning (PSS 1/2 grades), and severe poisonings and fatalities (PSS 3/4 grades). RESULTS: There were a total of 37 patients, including 26 alachlor, 6 s-metolachlor, 4 mefenacet, and 1 butachlor cases. The majority of patients (81.1%) were assigned PSS 1/2 grades. Changes in mental status and observation of adverse neurologic symptoms were more common in the PSS 3/4 group. The median ingested volume of amide herbicide compound was 250 ml (IQR 200-300 ml) in the PSS 3/4 group, and 80 ml (IQR 50-138 ml) in the PSS 1/2 group. Also, the median GCS observed in the PSS 3/4 group was 13 (IQR 10-14), which was markedly low as compared to a median GCS of 15 in the PSS 1/2 group. Overall mortality rate was 5.4%, and profound cardiogenic shock was observed prior to death in all fatalities. CONCLUSION: When compared to previous reports, acute acetanilide poisoning resulted in relatively moderate severity. The presence of neurologic manifestations, hypotension, lower GCS score, and larger ingested volumes was associated with more serious effects and mortalities.
Acetamides ; Acetanilides ; Adult ; Benzothiazoles ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Shock, Cardiogenic ; Stress, Psychological

IH-901 (20-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol or compound K) is a final intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng in humans. It has various pharmacologic effects such as antiaging, immunopotentiation, antistress, and antimetastatic activities. We analyzed the antioxidant activities of IH-901 using several assays including: total antioxidant activity, reductive potential, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, hydroxyl, superoxide and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, a nitric oxide scavenging assay and a lipid peroxidation assay. At concentrations of 25 and 100 microg/mL, IH-901 inhibited lipid peroxidation of a linoleic acid emulsion with a potency comparable to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole. The reductive potential of IH-901 increased in a concentration-dependent manner. IH-901 exhibited strong DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide and ABTS radical scavenging activities. IH-901 was also an effective inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, although IH-901 had only a mild scavenging activity against nitric oxide. These results suggest that IH-901 may be a useful antioxidant agent against reactive oxygen species.
Ascorbic Acid ; Benzothiazoles ; Butylated Hydroxyanisole ; Humans ; Linoleic Acid ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Nitric Oxide ; Panax ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Sulfonic Acids ; Superoxides

PURPOSE: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurologic sleep disorder, but it is frequently undiagnosed in Korean children. This study aimed to investigate clinical features of RLS in Korean children. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of seven patients who had been diagnosed with RLS at the pediatric department of Kyungpook National University Hospital from March to September 2011. RESULTS: The mean age was 7.5+/-3.4 years (M:F=5:3). Chief complaints included abnormal movement during sleep (n=5, 71.4%), leg pain (n=1, 14.3%), and headache (n=1, 14.3%). Three showed inattention or hyperactivity, and one patient was taking medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Six (85.7%) had sleep disturbance, and family history for RLS was positive in 3 (42.9%). Three patients (42.9%) showed a periodic limb movement index of 5 or more per hour of sleep that was compatible with supportive criteria of RLS. Serum testing, including a complete blood count, iron, total iron binding capacity, and ferritin, was performed. Among 5 children who demonstrated iron deficiency, 1 showed very low ferritin of 7 ng/mL, and after oral iron supplementation (3 mg/kg/day) over 1 month, there was dramatic improvement in leg pain and daytime behavior. Two patients who underwent treatment with pramipexole (0.125 mg) also had much improvement in sleep onset and daytime behavior. CONCLUSION: RLS can have a serious impact on quality of life in pediatric patients, so we need to find the children with RLS. Iron repletion therapy is effective for the patient with RLS who shows iron deficiency. In addition, use of a dopamine agonist is an effective treatment option for pediatric RLS.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Benzothiazoles ; Blood Cell Count ; Child ; Dopamine Agonists ; Dyskinesias ; Extremities ; Ferritins ; Headache ; Humans ; Iron ; Leg ; Medical Records ; Quality of Life ; Restless Legs Syndrome

Fifteen novel 5-substituted-2-(pyridyl)benzothiazole compounds were designed and synthesized by simple hydrolization and condensation reaction of the 2-amino-5-substituent benzothiazole. Activities of these synthesized compounds were evaluated on Bcap-37, HCT-15 and HepG2 tumor cells in vitro by standard MTT assay. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was used as the positive control. The results revealed that most of the new compounds had potent effects on Bcap-37, HCT-15 and HepG2 tumor cells, and had no or less effect on 293T and L02 normal cells. Particularly, compounds 1c and 2e exhibited better activities on HCT-15 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 41.59 and 38.65 micromol x L(-1), and 1i showed excellent activities on Bcap-37 and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 46.63 and 23.51 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The structure-activity relationship of 5-substituted-2-(pyridyl)benzothiazole compounds were also discussed preliminarily.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Benzothiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Structure-Activity Relationship

A series of 2-(3-butynoicamidophenyl)benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized starting from 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoic acid. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and HR-MS. Their antitumor activities against human tumor cells lines (HCT116, Mia-PaCa2, U87-MG, A549, NCI-H1975) were evaluated by MTT assay. The results revealed that most of the synthesized compounds showed potent activities against HCT116, Mia-PaCa2, U87-MG tumor cells lines. Particularly, compounds 14c and 14h exhibited better activity with IC50 values of 1 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1) against U87-MG and HCT116 respectively. The structure-activity relationship of compounds was also discussed preliminarily.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Benzothiazoles ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Humans ; Nitrobenzoates ; Structure-Activity Relationship

The development of discolored urine may have many possible causes. Here we present the case of a 76-year-old woman who was admitted after ingesting the inorganic herbicides, mefenacet and imazosulfuron. Her urine color changed to green almost immediately. Since the patient had no specific medication or medical history we considered that the most likely cause of the change in urine color was the ingestion of the herbicides. Spectrophotometric analysis of the urine was conducted and a peak was observed in the green area of the wavelength spectrum. These findings show that mefenacet and imazosulfuron should be considered in the differential diagnosis of green discolored urine.
Acetanilides/*poisoning/urine ; Aged ; Benzothiazoles/*poisoning/urine ; Color ; Eating ; Female ; Herbicides/*poisoning/urine ; Humans ; Poisoning/diagnosis/urine ; Pyridines/*poisoning/urine ; Pyrimidines/*poisoning/urine ; Urinalysis