No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines*

Basing on common chemical reactions, thin layer chromato graphy, absouptive ultraviolet spectrum some parameters were determined for preparation containing benzodiazepine in HCM City. The efficiency of extraction of benzodiazepan in 6 self made sample: Rhino sweet drink, coca-cola, combined food, soya milk, 333 beer and urine. Results found 17 active substances of diazepine group in 131 specialities of commercial propriatary name in HCM City, where diazepam had accounted higher rate in narcotic intoxixation cases. In criminal cases involved in tranquillisant narcotics, the most common substance were diazepan, flunitrazepan, clonazepan, bromazepan, alprazolam, clorazepat, oxazepan and nor-diazepan
Benzodiazepines ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Chemistry

Clobazam is one of the benzodiazepine compounds consisting of different structure compared to previously marketed other benzodiazepines. In rescent days, the antiepileptic effects of this drug has been recognized and used in epileptic patients. To confirm the efficacy and side effects of clobazam, we review the records of the 60 patients who was medicated clobazam more than 9 months. These patients had complex partial seizure with unsatisfactory control despite of adequate drug dosage and duration. Among these patients, the improved one were 23 (38. 3%), and tolerant one were 25 with 5.6 month mean remission duration. Only the 7 of 60 patients complained the adverse symptoms and this were not serious enough to discontinue medication. In conclusion, clobazam is relatively safe and efficacious medication enough to try for patients with unsatisfactory seizure control.
Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Seizures

Humans ; Benzodiazepines ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Prescriptions

Posthypoxic myoclonus is poorly controlled with current treatments. Based on clinical experience, valproate and benzodiazepines have been used to treat myoclonic seizures. Rarely, some antiepileptic drugs may exacerbate myoclonic seizures. Although lamotrigine is controversial for treatment in myoclonic seizures, we experience a case of posthypoxic myoclonus improved with lamotrigine add-on therapy.
Anticonvulsants ; Benzodiazepines ; Myoclonus* ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid

In 54 cases with heterophoria, the effects of the tranquilizers were studied. The minimum doses of two kinds of tranquilizers i.e., phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine) and benzodiazepine derivative (oxazepam) were given for 3 days. The results were as follows: 1. In 18 cases (43%) of the 30 cases who complained asthenopia, the symptom was relieved to some extent. The improvement of the symptom occurred with decrease in the Jateral phoria in 13 cases, and with increase in fusional amplitude in 13 cases. 2, There were no changes in the lateral phoria in 31 cases (59%) at distance, but at near, in 27 cases (52%) there was decrease in the lateral phoria. The amount of the increment or decrement in prism diopters was somewhat larger at near than at distance, and also somewhat larger in cases, in which the initial lateral phoria before medication is high, than in the cases with low initial lateral phoria. 3, There were no changes in the fusional amplitude in 24 cases (46%) at distance, but at near, in 28 cases (55 %) there was the increase in fusional amplitude. The changes in the amount of the increment or decrement in the fusional al1}plitude were similar to that of the changes in the amount in lateral phoria. 4, There were no remarkable changes in vertical phorias. 5. In exophoria there were no remarkable differences between subjects given chlorpromazine and those gIven oxazepam.
Asthenopia ; Benzodiazepines ; Chlorpromazine ; Exotropia ; Oxazepam ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Receptors, GABA-A*

Breathlessness is a frequent and distressing symptom in terminal cancer patients. Refractory breathlessness is defined as a state that does not respond to conventional disease-specific therapy with an exclusion of reversible underlying causes, and the main classes of symptomatic drug treatments include opioids and benzodiazepines. Korean Family Medicine Palliative Medicine Research Group discussed two terminal cancer patients in whom severe breathlessness with different causes were treated with inhalation of nebulized furosemide, which is an emerging option of palliative treatment. It still remains unclear how it becomes effective or how much it is effective, therefore, its routine use seems to be somewhat early. Nevertherless, if a patient with intractable breathlessness does not have a marked obstructive airway lesion, its use should be considered. Based on the discussion in the seminar, we want to share our experience of the application of inhaled furosemide with other palliative care practitioners and strongly recommend further research on this topic in the future.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Benzodiazepines ; Dyspnea ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Palliative Care

The imidazopyridine, zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug, is widely-prescribed for insomnia. It is regarded as a good alternative to benzodiazepine because of the reduced possibility for abuse and development of dependence. However, more recently, due to the reduced possibility for abuse and development of dependence, it is regarded as a good alternative to benzodiazepine. adverse effects of zolpidem have been recognized. The objective of this report is to provide information on the potential for occurrence of benzodiazepine-like withdrawal seizure in patients who chronically take zolpidem continually. We present and discuss a case of seizure after sudden interruption of the protracted use of an abusively high dose of zolpidem. Zolpidem may not be the ideal drug for long-term pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia. Clinicians should administer zolpidem at a low-dose for a short period of time for prevention of drug abuse and dependence and the potential for occurrence of benzodiazepine-like withdrawal seizure.
Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Seizures* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Substance-Related Disorders

We report two patients of generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus (GNSE) accompanied by end-stage renal disease. Both patients were presented with impaired responsiveness and behavioral abnormalities. Continuous generalized epileptiform discharges were noted on EEG. GNSEs of our patients were responsive to benzodiazepines clinically and electroencephalographically. And they were controlled by short-term antiepileptic treatment and improvement of uremic condition. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(5):533~536, 2001)
Benzodiazepines ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Status Epilepticus* ; Uremia