No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines*

Basing on common chemical reactions, thin layer chromato graphy, absouptive ultraviolet spectrum some parameters were determined for preparation containing benzodiazepine in HCM City. The efficiency of extraction of benzodiazepan in 6 self made sample: Rhino sweet drink, coca-cola, combined food, soya milk, 333 beer and urine. Results found 17 active substances of diazepine group in 131 specialities of commercial propriatary name in HCM City, where diazepam had accounted higher rate in narcotic intoxixation cases. In criminal cases involved in tranquillisant narcotics, the most common substance were diazepan, flunitrazepan, clonazepan, bromazepan, alprazolam, clorazepat, oxazepan and nor-diazepan
Benzodiazepines ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Chemistry

Clobazam is one of the benzodiazepine compounds consisting of different structure compared to previously marketed other benzodiazepines. In rescent days, the antiepileptic effects of this drug has been recognized and used in epileptic patients. To confirm the efficacy and side effects of clobazam, we review the records of the 60 patients who was medicated clobazam more than 9 months. These patients had complex partial seizure with unsatisfactory control despite of adequate drug dosage and duration. Among these patients, the improved one were 23 (38. 3%), and tolerant one were 25 with 5.6 month mean remission duration. Only the 7 of 60 patients complained the adverse symptoms and this were not serious enough to discontinue medication. In conclusion, clobazam is relatively safe and efficacious medication enough to try for patients with unsatisfactory seizure control.
Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Seizures

Humans ; Benzodiazepines ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Prescriptions

In 54 cases with heterophoria, the effects of the tranquilizers were studied. The minimum doses of two kinds of tranquilizers i.e., phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine) and benzodiazepine derivative (oxazepam) were given for 3 days. The results were as follows: 1. In 18 cases (43%) of the 30 cases who complained asthenopia, the symptom was relieved to some extent. The improvement of the symptom occurred with decrease in the Jateral phoria in 13 cases, and with increase in fusional amplitude in 13 cases. 2, There were no changes in the lateral phoria in 31 cases (59%) at distance, but at near, in 27 cases (52%) there was decrease in the lateral phoria. The amount of the increment or decrement in prism diopters was somewhat larger at near than at distance, and also somewhat larger in cases, in which the initial lateral phoria before medication is high, than in the cases with low initial lateral phoria. 3, There were no changes in the fusional amplitude in 24 cases (46%) at distance, but at near, in 28 cases (55 %) there was the increase in fusional amplitude. The changes in the amount of the increment or decrement in the fusional al1}plitude were similar to that of the changes in the amount in lateral phoria. 4, There were no remarkable changes in vertical phorias. 5. In exophoria there were no remarkable differences between subjects given chlorpromazine and those gIven oxazepam.
Asthenopia ; Benzodiazepines ; Chlorpromazine ; Exotropia ; Oxazepam ; Strabismus

Posthypoxic myoclonus is poorly controlled with current treatments. Based on clinical experience, valproate and benzodiazepines have been used to treat myoclonic seizures. Rarely, some antiepileptic drugs may exacerbate myoclonic seizures. Although lamotrigine is controversial for treatment in myoclonic seizures, we experience a case of posthypoxic myoclonus improved with lamotrigine add-on therapy.
Anticonvulsants ; Benzodiazepines ; Myoclonus* ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid

No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Receptors, GABA-A*

The imidazopyridine, zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug, is widely-prescribed for insomnia. It is regarded as a good alternative to benzodiazepine because of the reduced possibility for abuse and development of dependence. However, more recently, due to the reduced possibility for abuse and development of dependence, it is regarded as a good alternative to benzodiazepine. adverse effects of zolpidem have been recognized. The objective of this report is to provide information on the potential for occurrence of benzodiazepine-like withdrawal seizure in patients who chronically take zolpidem continually. We present and discuss a case of seizure after sudden interruption of the protracted use of an abusively high dose of zolpidem. Zolpidem may not be the ideal drug for long-term pharmacotherapeutic management of insomnia. Clinicians should administer zolpidem at a low-dose for a short period of time for prevention of drug abuse and dependence and the potential for occurrence of benzodiazepine-like withdrawal seizure.
Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Seizures* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Substance-Related Disorders

PURPOSE: Flutamide (4-nitro-3-t-trifluoromethyl-isobutyranilide) is an androgen-receptor antagonist with typical antiandrogenic effect, used to treat androgen-dependent disorders such as prostate cancer. However, some reports noted that flutamide has direct effects to neuronal cells. It has been shown to retard the development of electrical kindling in rats. METHODS: We used the chemoconvulsant 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and picrotoxin (PTX) in the in vitro hippocampal slice model to determine of flutamide for the suppression of epileptiform discharges. Extracellular field potential recordings were obtained from the CA3 pyramidal layer of hippocampus. RESULTS: The concentration of 30 and 100 micrometer flutamide suppressed the whole mean number of epileptiform discharges to 57.8% and 66.8% each compared with the 4-AP only slices. In 100 micrometer PTX, 10 and 30 micrometer flutamide suppressed the whole mean number of epileptiform discharges to 56.6% and 82.5% each. Intermixed with flumazenil, the anticonvulsant effect of flutamide was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Flutamide suppressed epileptiform discharges induced by 4-AP and PTX in vitro seizure model. It suggests that flutamide influence to anti-epileptic activity by benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor.
4-Aminopyridine ; Benzodiazepines ; Flumazenil ; Flutamide ; Neurons ; Picrotoxin ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Seizures

We report two patients of generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus (GNSE) accompanied by end-stage renal disease. Both patients were presented with impaired responsiveness and behavioral abnormalities. Continuous generalized epileptiform discharges were noted on EEG. GNSEs of our patients were responsive to benzodiazepines clinically and electroencephalographically. And they were controlled by short-term antiepileptic treatment and improvement of uremic condition. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(5):533~536, 2001)
Benzodiazepines ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Status Epilepticus* ; Uremia