No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines*

Clobazam is one of the benzodiazepine compounds consisting of different structure compared to previously marketed other benzodiazepines. In rescent days, the antiepileptic effects of this drug has been recognized and used in epileptic patients. To confirm the efficacy and side effects of clobazam, we review the records of the 60 patients who was medicated clobazam more than 9 months. These patients had complex partial seizure with unsatisfactory control despite of adequate drug dosage and duration. Among these patients, the improved one were 23 (38. 3%), and tolerant one were 25 with 5.6 month mean remission duration. Only the 7 of 60 patients complained the adverse symptoms and this were not serious enough to discontinue medication. In conclusion, clobazam is relatively safe and efficacious medication enough to try for patients with unsatisfactory seizure control.
Benzodiazepines ; Humans ; Seizures

Basing on common chemical reactions, thin layer chromato graphy, absouptive ultraviolet spectrum some parameters were determined for preparation containing benzodiazepine in HCM City. The efficiency of extraction of benzodiazepan in 6 self made sample: Rhino sweet drink, coca-cola, combined food, soya milk, 333 beer and urine. Results found 17 active substances of diazepine group in 131 specialities of commercial propriatary name in HCM City, where diazepam had accounted higher rate in narcotic intoxixation cases. In criminal cases involved in tranquillisant narcotics, the most common substance were diazepan, flunitrazepan, clonazepan, bromazepan, alprazolam, clorazepat, oxazepan and nor-diazepan
Benzodiazepines ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Chemistry

Humans ; Benzodiazepines ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Prescriptions

No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Receptors, GABA-A*

In 54 cases with heterophoria, the effects of the tranquilizers were studied. The minimum doses of two kinds of tranquilizers i.e., phenothiazine derivative (chlorpromazine) and benzodiazepine derivative (oxazepam) were given for 3 days. The results were as follows: 1. In 18 cases (43%) of the 30 cases who complained asthenopia, the symptom was relieved to some extent. The improvement of the symptom occurred with decrease in the Jateral phoria in 13 cases, and with increase in fusional amplitude in 13 cases. 2, There were no changes in the lateral phoria in 31 cases (59%) at distance, but at near, in 27 cases (52%) there was decrease in the lateral phoria. The amount of the increment or decrement in prism diopters was somewhat larger at near than at distance, and also somewhat larger in cases, in which the initial lateral phoria before medication is high, than in the cases with low initial lateral phoria. 3, There were no changes in the fusional amplitude in 24 cases (46%) at distance, but at near, in 28 cases (55 %) there was the increase in fusional amplitude. The changes in the amount of the increment or decrement in the fusional al1}plitude were similar to that of the changes in the amount in lateral phoria. 4, There were no remarkable changes in vertical phorias. 5. In exophoria there were no remarkable differences between subjects given chlorpromazine and those gIven oxazepam.
Asthenopia ; Benzodiazepines ; Chlorpromazine ; Exotropia ; Oxazepam ; Strabismus

Posthypoxic myoclonus is poorly controlled with current treatments. Based on clinical experience, valproate and benzodiazepines have been used to treat myoclonic seizures. Rarely, some antiepileptic drugs may exacerbate myoclonic seizures. Although lamotrigine is controversial for treatment in myoclonic seizures, we experience a case of posthypoxic myoclonus improved with lamotrigine add-on therapy.
Anticonvulsants ; Benzodiazepines ; Myoclonus* ; Seizures ; Valproic Acid

Midazolam, a water soluble benzodiazepine, was compared with diazepam as a sedation for spinal anesthesia. Forthy healthy patients were allocated at random to receive midazolam 0.1mg/kg or diazepam 0.2mg/kg at 15 min after tetracaine inction for spinal anesthesia and increments of half of the initial dose every 2 min to induce sleep. Mean dose of midazolam 8.5 mg and diazepam 17.1 mg were injected for sedation throughout surgery. There was no difference concerning sedation level during surgery and speed of recovery. With the same degree of sedation, midazolam produced a higher frequency of anterograde amnesia(70% vs. 30%). Uenous tolerance was better for midazolam. Neither drug caused obstruction of airway nor significant cardiovascular change. Higher degree of amnesia and venous tolerance with midazolam may be advantages of sedation for spinal anesthesia.
Amnesia ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Benzodiazepines ; Diazepam* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives* ; Midazolam* ; Tetracaine

Prolonged oversedation occurs frequently in postoperative care units, and sometimes delays transfer to normal units. Flumazenil is a known reversal drug for benzodiazepines, and is used to reverse the oversedation caused by benzodiazepines. However, we found that flumazenil was effective in a case of sevoflurane induced oversedation. A prolonged oversedation of 90 minutes occurred after sevoflurane anesthesia without benzodiazepine at a postoperative care unit. Immediately after an intravenous injection of flumazenil, the patient fully awoke and was oriented.
Anesthesia* ; Benzodiazepines ; Flumazenil* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Postoperative Care

PURPOSE: The hypnotic effect of zolpidem is comparable to benzodiazepines, but has less abuse and addiction potential than benzodiazepines, so is one of the most commonly prescribed hypnotics. The frequency of acute zolpidem overdose has increased, but clinical analysis and severity predictors are not known in Korea. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of histories, clinical courses, and laboratory findings of each patient treated from June, 2000, to May, 2006, in a university hospital for acute zolpidem intoxication. RESULTS: We evaluated 30 patients, including 16 co-intoxication cases. Twenty-five patients presented mental alterations but became alert within 2 days. All patients recovered completely. The median zolpidem concentration was 0.9 mg/L (range: 0.2~7.4 mg/L). There was a weak correlation between the amount ingested and zolpidem concentration (r=0.25). None of them presented severe laboratory abnormalities, and these abnormalities did not relate to zolpidem concentration. CONCLUSION: The clinical progress of acute zolpidem intoxication is mild. We could not predict zolpidem concentration or clinical severity from the amount ingested and could not predict the clinical course from laboratory findings in the emergency department.
Benzodiazepines ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Pyridines ; Retrospective Studies