PURPOSE: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of intrarectal administration of anesthetic agent for transrectal prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For a double-blind prospective trial, 100 men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy were randomized into three groups using an established list. In the control group (n=36), 40mL of normal saline was administered transrectally 10 min before the procedure. The lidocaine group (n=31) and the benzocaine group (n=33) were give 40 mL of 1% lidocaine and 0.3% benzocaine, respectively. Patients were asked to score the severity of the pain expected before and after the biopsy procedure using a self-administered verbal rating scale. Pain was assessed using a 10-point linear visual analog scale. RESULTS: The median pain score expected before the transrectal prostate biopsy was 6.7+/-0.3, 7.1+/-0.2, and 6.7+/-0.3 in the control, lidocaine, and benzocaine group, respectively. The median pain score during the biopsy was 6.1+/-0.3, 5.8+/-0.3 (P<0.05), and 5.9+/-0.4 in the control, lidocaine, and benzocaine group, respectively. Ninety seven percent of the control group, 100% of the lidocaine group, and 91% of the benzocaine group complained of severe and bothersome pain, with a score of 5 or greater during the biopsy. No adverse events were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Intrarectal administration of anesthetic agent is a simple, safe, and efficacious method of providing satisfactory anesthesia in patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. We recommend 1% lidocaine solution in the patients to perform transrectal prostatic biopsy.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Benzocaine ; Biopsy* ; Double-Blind Method* ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate ; Visual Analog Scale

A patient with corneoscleral dermoid was suspected of having allergic contact dermatitis and conjuntivitisdue to Pontocaine. She was tested with standard European patch test including other suspected medicaments used in the preparation of eye drops. The patient showed + + positive patch test reaction to pontocaine, caine mixture and benzocaine under 2 day and 4 day patch test reading. The importance of routine patch test in ophthalmic patients whenever contact conjuntivitis is suspected is stressed.
Benzocaine ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermoid Cyst ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Patch Tests ; Tetracaine*

In order to evaluate the efficacy of topical anesthesia as an alternative to pinpoint or retrobulbar anesthesia in clear corneal cataract surgery, ninety patients were randomly assigned to the topical(n=30), pinpoint(n=30), or retrobulbar(n=30) anesthesia groups prospectively. All procedures including CCC, phacoemulsification, and foldable IOL implantation were performed using a temporal clear corneal approach by one surgeon(Joo). visual rehabilitation, change of astigmatism, degree of pain, comfortability, cooperation, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. Intraocular pressure was higher in pinpoint anesthesia than in topical anesthesia at the beginning point of operation(p<0.05). Four hours after surgery, topical of pinpoint anesthesia group had significantly better visual acuity than retrobulbar anesthesia group(p<0.05). Pain score in topical anesthesia was marginally higher than that in retrobulbar anesthesia during the phacoemulsification. Comfortability was prominent in topical anesthesia group. There was no difference among the groups in change of astigmatism, cooperation and risk of serious complicatins. With these results it was found that topical anesthesia would be a safe, effective alternative to pinpoint or retrobulbar anesthesia in cataract surgery using clear corneal incision.
Anesthesia ; Astigmatism ; Benzocaine* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications ; Prospective Studies ; Rehabilitation ; Visual Acuity

Methylene blue is a very effective reducer of drug-induced methemoglobinemia. It has dose-dependent oxidation or reduction properties. In most cases, a dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg IV given over 5 minutes and immediately followed by a 15- to 30-mL fluid flush to minimize the local pain is both effective and relatively safe. The onset of action is quite rapid, and the effects are usually seen within 30 minutes. The dose may be repeated after 30 to 60 minutes and then every 2 to 4 hours as needed. The total dose should not exceed 7 mg/kg as a single dose or 15 mg/kg within 24 hours. Repeated treatment may be needed for treating compounds that have prolonged elimination or those compounds that undergo enterohepatic recirculation (e.g., dapsone). Methylene blue can cause dose-related toxicity. At high doses, methylene blue can also induce an acute hemolytic anemia and rebound methemoglobinemia. The reasons for treatment failure with methylene blue include ineffective GI decontamination, the existence of other forms of hemoglobin (e.g., sulfhemoglobin), a low or high dose of methylene blue and the toxicokinetics of some agents, such as aniline, benzocaine or dapsone.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Aniline Compounds ; Benzocaine ; Dapsone ; Decontamination ; Hemoglobins ; Methemoglobinemia ; Methylene Blue ; Treatment Failure

Although scaling is the primary method for improving oral health, it is also associated with dental fear. The objective of this study was to empirically verify whether the use of gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus during scaling relieves pain and improves other factors. A total of 128 patients scheduled to undergo scaling at a dental clinic of a general hospital located in the Gyeonggi Province, between July 2014 and July 2015, were enrolled in the study. The participants underwent scaling following the application of 20% benzocaine gel or placebo gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus, and the data was collected using a questionnaire. There was a significant difference in the severity of pain, participant satisfaction, perceived sensitivity, overall discomfort, and fear of scaling between the two groups. The two groups were compared in terms of perceived need for gel anesthesia, willingness to pay for anesthesia costs, and willingness to receive scaling in the future. There were significant differences in all the three parameters depending on whether gel anesthesia was used or not. There were significant differences between the two groups in perceived sensitivity immediately after scaling and one day after scaling, with no difference seen one week after scaling. With regards to overall discomfort over time, there were significant differences between the two groups immediately after scaling. Based on these findings, we expect that application of gel anesthetic within the gingival sulcus during scaling will reduce pain, perceived sensitivity, overall discomfort, and fear of scaling with increased satisfaction.
Anesthesia* ; Benzocaine ; Dental Anxiety ; Dental Clinics ; Dental Scaling ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Methods ; Oral Health

Topical anesthetics act on the peripheral nerves and reduce the sensation of pain at the site of application. In dentistry, they are used to control local pain caused by needling, placement of orthodontic bands, the vomiting reflex, oral mucositis, and rubber-dam clamp placement. Traditional topical anesthetics contain lidocaine or benzocaine as active ingredients and are used in the form of solutions, creams, gels, and sprays. Eutectic mixtures of local anesthesia cream, a mixture of various topical anesthetics, has been reported to be more potent than other anesthetics. Recently, new products with modified ingredients and application methods have been introduced into the market. These products may be used for mild pain during periodontal treatment, such as scaling. Dentists should be aware that topical anesthetics, although rare, might induce allergic reactions or side effects as a result of an overdose. Topical anesthetics are useful aids during dental treatment, as they reduce dental phobia, especially in children, by mitigating discomfort and pain.
Administration, Topical ; Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics ; Benzocaine ; Child ; Dental Anxiety ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Gels ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Lidocaine ; Peripheral Nerves ; Reflex ; Sensation ; Stomatitis ; Vomiting

The aim of this review is to introduce about the issue of benzocaine and methemoglobinemia. Through blocking the pain during dental treatment, fear and anxiety of patients will be reduced. Thus, anesthetic agent containing benzocaine is commonly used while controlling the pain of patients during treatment. However, on May 28, 2018, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety reported a medication safety report about restricting the use of benzocaine-containing agents in infants under 24 months and children. Also, they recommended a cautious use to adolescents and adults to prevent methemoglobinemia (MHb). This report was published due to an advice from Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on May 23, 2018. When using agents containing benzocaine, dentists must consider the probability of MHb and prepare for early diagnosis and appropriate action. Since 1930s, methylene blue is known to cure MHb patients. Therefore, the proper use of methylene blue for emergencies and diagnosis methods for early diagnosis of MHb should be familiar to dentists planning for the use of topical anesthetic agents. Dentists should be trained for emergency situation of MHb caused by the use of benzocaine.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthetics ; Anxiety ; Benzocaine ; Child ; Dentists ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Infant ; Methemoglobinemia ; Methylene Blue ; United States Food and Drug Administration

We made fusion protein of fastatin and FIII 9-10, termed tetra-cell adhesion molecule (T-CAM) that can interact simultaneously with alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrins, both playing important roles in tumor angiogenesis. T-CAM can serve as a cell adhesion substrate mediating adhesion and migration of endothelial cells in alphavbeta3 and alpha5beta1 integrin-dependent manner. T-CAM showed pronounced anti-angiogenic activities such as inhibition of endothelial cell tube formation, endothelial cell proliferation, and induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. T-CAM also inhibited angiogenesis and tumor growth in mouse xenograft model. The anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral activity of molecule like fastatin could be improved by fusing it with integrin-recognizing cell adhesion domain from other distinct proteins. The strategy of combining two distinct anti-angiogenic molecules or cell adhesion domains could facilitate designing improved anticancer agent of therapeutic value.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Base Sequence ; Benzocaine/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloramphenicol/chemistry/*pharmacology ; DNA Primers ; Drug Combinations ; Factor VIII/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Integrin alpha5beta1/*physiology ; Integrin alphaVbeta3/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nitrofurazone/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/*pharmacology