No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene* ; Ganoderma* ; Mice*

To evaluate the difference of concentration and mutagenicity of organic pollutants between residential and traffic area of Seoul, air samples were collected in Bulkwang (residential) and Shinchon (traffic) area. Samples were analyzed to measure the concentration of extractable organic matters (EOM) and their subfractions and mutagenicites were tested using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured by gas-chromatography and compared between two areas. The results were as follows ; 1. While the concentration of total suspended particulate (TSP) in residental area was below the environmental standard in annual average, the concentration in traffic area was above the standard and was up to its maximum 256 microgram/m3 in November. The difference of TSP concentrations in both areas of each month was statistically significant (P<0.05). 2. The concentration of fine particle in traffic area was significantly higher compare to that in residential area and showed statistically significant monthly difference in both areas (P<0.05). The proportion of concentration of fine particle to TSP was 55-68%. 3. Mean concentrations of EOM in residential and traffic areas were 4.3 microgram/m3 and 5.3 microgram/m3 respectively. The proportion of amount of EOM from fine particle to EOM from TSP was 70-88%. 4. While the percentage of polar neutral organic compounds (POCN) of fine particle in Bulkwang's sample was higher compare to Shinchon's sample, the percentage of aliphatic compounds of fine particle in Shinchon's sample was higher compare to Bulkwang's sample. The percentages of PAH fraction were as low as 6-10% in both areas. 5. The mutagenic activity of unit concentration of organic matters extracted from fine particle was higher compare to that of coarse particle and was increased when metabolically activated with S9. Mutagenicities with metabolic activation calculated by unit air volume were significantly different between residential and traffic area, 17 revertants/m3 and 22 revertants/m3 respectively. 6. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene in fine particle of traffic and residential areas were 3.10 microgram/m3 and 2.02 microgram/m3 respectively. Sixteen PAHs were higher in samples of traffic area compare to residential area and also concentrations of PAHs in fine particle were higher compare to coarse particle.
Benzo(a)pyrene ; Biotransformation ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Seoul*

Metabolomics methods were applied in the study of the toxicity of environmental pollutants. It has been shown that exposure to heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium and lead could cause significant changes in energy, lipids, nucleic acids and amino acids in mammalian cells. After exposure to benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], the glands of Pinctada pumila could produce various changes, such as energy metabolic disorder, cell damage, signal transduction disorder, oxidative stress and osmotic disorder. Persistent organic compounds polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could exert toxic effects on Zebrafish embryos through affecting amino acid metabolism, DNA and protein methylation and biosynthesis. After exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as nonylphenol, octylenediester phthalate and bisphenol propane, goldfish showed energy, lipid and nucleic acid metabolic disorders.
Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Environmental Pollutants ; Metabolomics ; Oxidative Stress

Due to rapid industrialization and economic development since 1970's, Seoul has become known as one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world. This is especially because of its air pollution. This study was conducted to characterize the cancer risk from organic pollutants in the suspended particulates of Seoul. Extractable organic matter(EOM)and PAHs in Shinchon, a major traffic area, were measured monthly in two periods of Aug. 1987-Sep. 1988, and Sep. 1990-Aug. 1991. While the differences both of EOM and benzo(a)pyrene concentrations between these two periods were not significant(P>0.05), the differences between heating and non-heating seasons were significant(P<0.01). The estimated mean concentrations of EOM and benzo(a)pyrene in fine particles in non-heating season were 3.98 microgram/m3 and 0.51ng/m3 respectively, and in heating season were 6.75 microgram/m3 and 2.96 ng/m3 respectively, in these two periods combined. The calculated risk from EOM was compared with that from benzo(a)pyrene and also these values were compared with the level of acceptable risk.
Air Pollution ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Economic Development ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Seasons ; Seoul* ; Industrial Development

OBJECTIVETo investigate Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) residue in retail food of Xiamen.

METHODSBaP residue in 121 retail food samples collected from Xiamen were determined by a rapid BaP detector based on derivative constant-energy synchronous fluorescence technique.

RESULTSBaP was detected in 84.3% samples and the concentration were ranged from 0.17 to 59.0 microg/kg. There were 49.6% samples exceeding 5.00 microg/kg, and most of them were roasting food (1.44 - 54.10 microg/kg), processed meat products (0.17 - 59.00 microg/kg) and aquatic products (2.79 - 36.80 microg/kg). The BaP concentration in 34 samples collected from roadside stands were 1.78 - 49.60 microg/kg, of which the rate of the samples exceeding 5.00 microg/kg was 88.2%.

CONCLUSIONThe BaP contamination in retail food samples from Xiamen is serious.

Benzo(a)pyrene ; analysis ; China ; Food Contamination ; analysis ; Food Inspection ; methods ; Meat Products ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of polychlorinated biphenyl, Aroclor1254 on benzo (a) pyrene [B (a) P]-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells.

METHODSHepG2 cells were pretreated with Aroclor1254 (11.5, 23 and 46 micromol/L) for 24 hours and then exposed to B (a) P (50 micromol/L). DMSO (10 ml/L) was used as solvent control. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) assays were applied to detect DNA single-strand breaks and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in HepG2 cells, respectively.

RESULTSAverage Oliver tail moment (OTM) and 8-OHdG level in HepG2 cells were significantly increased in B (a) P treated group (1.66 +/- 0.21), (23.31 +/- 6.02) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG than that in solvent control (0.79 +/- 0.15), (12.31 +/- 3.24) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG, respectively. In Aroclor 1254 treated group (11.5, 23.0, 46.0 micromol/L), average OTM were 0.88 +/- 0.20, 1.01 +/- 0.15 and 1.10 +/- 0.16, and 8-OHdG levels were (19.57 +/- 7.57), (22.80 +/- 9.16) and (31.74 +/- 9.25) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG, respectively. A concentration of 46 micromol/L Aroclor1254 caused a significant increase of 8-OHdG level as compared with the solvent control. After pretreatment of HepG2 cells with Aroclor1254 (11.5, 23.0 and 46.0 micromol/L), B (a) P induced more DNA strand breaks (OTM: 2.14 +/- 0.22, 2.43 +/- 0.32 and 2.71 +/- 0.31) and 8-OHdG [(32.50 +/- 3.81), (49.23 +/- 16.66) and (60.36 +/- 18.04) 8-OHdG/10(6)dG] in HepG2 cells than B (a) P alone.

CONCLUSIONAroclor1254 might enhance B (a) P-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells, which should imply a synergistic effect of Aroclor1254 on the genotoxicity of B (a) P.

Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls ; toxicity

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of benzopyrene on the decrease of dopaminergic neurons, and the increase and aggregation of α-synuclein, which are the pathological features of Parkinson's disease, and to explore its possible mechanisms. METHODS: Eight-month-old transgenic mice with human SNCA gene were randomly divided into a BaP-exposed group and a control group. BaP and solvent corn oil were injected intraperitoneally to BaP-exposed group and control group respectively, once a day for 60 days. The motor dysfunction of mice was tested by rotarod test. The effects of BaP on the decrease of dopaminergic neurons and increase and aggregation of α-synuclein were observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot experiments respectively, and the expression of related mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Twenty genes were tested in the study, mainly related to neurotransmitter transporter (2 genes), neurotransmitter receptor function (10 genes), cellular autophagy (5 genes), and α-synuclein aggregation and degradation (3 genes). RESULTS: After BaP exposure, the movement time of the mice in the rotarod test was significantly reduced (P<0.05). The substantia nigra dopami-nergic neurons in the mice were significantly reduced, which was 62% of the control group (P<0.05), and the expression of α-synuclein in the midbrain increased, which was 1.36 times that of the control group (P<0.05). After BaP exposure, mRNA expressions of 14 genes in the midbrain of the mice were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05). Alpha-synuclein degradation and cell autophagy (5 genes), neuron transporters (2 genes), and neurotransmitter receptor functions (5 genes) were involved. The expression of one gene, Synphilin-1, was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01), which was related to α-synuclein aggregation. CONCLUSION BaP exposure not only inhibited function of neurotransmitter receptor and dopamine transporter, but also interfered cell autophagy, thereby hindering the degradation of α-synuclein, which could lead to decrease of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra and increase and aggregation of α-synuclein in midbrain, as the significant pathology of Parkinson's disease. Therefore, BaP exposure may increase the risk of Parkinson's disease.
Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; Brain ; Dopamine ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; Humans ; Mice ; alpha-Synuclein

This study was carried out to investigate air pollution by total suspended particulate(T.S.P.), benzene soluble matter and benzo(a)pyrene in Seoul city. The sampling areas were divided into commercial(Kwang Hwa Moon), industrial(Ku Ro Dong) and residential area(Shin Chon). Sampling was undertaken by High Volume Air Sampler for four seasons from January 1977 to November 1977. The T.S.P. was extracted with Soxhlet apparatus by benzene and benzo(a)pyrene was separated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene were measured by means of fluorophotometer, and following results were obtained. 1. Arithmetic average concentration for 1-day averaging time of total suspended particulate were 275.6 microgram/m3 in Kwang Hwa moon, 325.9 microgram/m3 in Ku Ro Dong and 193.0 microgram/m3 in Shin Chon. 2. The seasonal variance of total suspended particulate at Ku Ro Dong and Shin Chon were 102.7 microgram/m3 99.6 microgram/m3 respectively and at Kwang Hwa Moon 39.9 microgram/m3. And the concentration of autumn is higher than of that spring at Ku Ro Dong and at Shin Chon, but at Kwang Hwa Moon, the seasonal variance is very little. 3. The concentrations of 50% frequency from geometric mean for 1-day averaging time were 264 microgram/m3 and 178 microgram/m3 at Kwang Hwa Moon, Ku Ro Dong and Shin Chon. And geometric standard deviation were 1.27, 1.38 and 1.41 respectively. 4. The concentrations of benzene soluble mater were 26.9 microgram/m3 Kwang Hwa Moon, 22.7 microgram/m3 at Ku Ro Dong and 15.5 microgram/m3 at Shin Chon, and the ratios to the T.S.P. were 9.8%(range 5.6-14.8%), 7.0%(range 2.4-14.4%) and 8.0%(range 5.5-22.1%) respectively. 5. The concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene were 8.5 microgram/m3 (range 0.8-29.9 microgram/m3 ) at Kwang Hwa Moon 10.9 microgram/m3 (range 1.1-52.0 microgram/m3 ) at Ku Ro Dong and 5.8 microgram/m3 (range 1.5-11.4 microgram/m3) at Shin Chon. 6. The results of this investigation were relatively high in compared with the recommended standards of suspended particulate in air of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and observed levels of Benzo(a)-pyrene in U.S. city.
Air Pollution ; Atmosphere* ; Benzene ; Benzo(a)pyrene* ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Seasons ; Seoul* ; United States Environmental Protection Agency

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of selenium on DNA damage induced by benzo[a] pyrene (BaP) in mouse lung cells.

METHODSSodium selenite was given to Kunming male mice by i.p. and BaP was given by oral gavage. The control group was given solvent only with the same method. DNA damage was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (or comet assay).

RESULTSThe damage degrees in mice treated with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of BaP were more severe than that of control (P < 0.01). The rates of comet cells in the BaP-treated groups (43.50%, 84.00%, 95.63%) were significantly higher than that of control (9.75%, P < 0.01), and there was obvious dose-response relationship. 0.75, 1.50 and 3.00 mg/kg of sodium selenite presented antagonistic effects against DNA damage induced by 250 mg/kg of BaP in mouse's lung cells. The antagonistic effect of sodium selenite at the dose of 1.50 mg/kg was better than those of sodium selenite at the doses of 0.75, 3.00 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONBaP at the doses of 125 approximately 500 mg/kg could significantly induce DNA damage of lung cells in mice. 0.75 approximately 3.00 mg/kg of sodium selenite could inhibit DNA damage of lung cells in mice induced by 250 mg/kg of BaP.

Animals ; Benzo(a)pyrene ; toxicity ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Selenium ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of occupational exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke oven workers.

METHODSSamples were collected individually and PAHs concentration in the ambient air were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) were introduced to assess the carcinogenic potency.

RESULTSThe levels of PAHs occupational exposure in oven workers at topside was higher than at side oven and bottom oven (P < 0.05). Non-carcinogenic PAHs were more than 70% of total PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene accounted for 65.5% approximately 72.4% of total benzo[a]pyrene equivalents. Total occupational exposure level of PAHs in coke oven workers was positively related to the content of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene, respectively (r(2) = 0.84, r(2) = 0.94, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCoke oven workers were exposed to a high level of PAHs which possessed some extent of carcinogenic potency, and benzo[a]pyrene is the chief carcinogenic substance.

Benzo(a)pyrene ; analysis ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; analysis ; toxicity ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coke ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Polycyclic Compounds ; analysis ; toxicity