Oral-facial body-image disturbance is one of the mental disorders.This disorder can often be found in the clinic of stomatology and aesthetic medicine,and it can cause severe distress and impairment.This article discusses the relevance between body-image disturbance and etiological factor,appearance,diagnosis,treatment,etc.

Objective To examine the effectiveness of cognitive therapy on orthodontic patients with body image disturbance (BID).Methods 21 orthodontic patients with BID in study group re ceived routine orthopedic treatment and cognitive therapy,and 15 orthodontic patients with BID in control group received only routine orthopedic treatment.All patients were tested with Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),Cognitive Bias Questionnaire (CBQ),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS),and Body Image Questionnaire (BIQ) at prior and post treatment.Results SAS and SDS scores in the study group were decreased after treatment,and SDS decrease in the study group was larger than that in control group.The factor scores of both groups on the SCL- 90were decreased after treatment,and most factor scores decrease in study group was larger than that in control group.Three dimensions (except for function impairment) of the BIQ were improved in the study group as compared with control group.Cognitive styles were improved on the study group as compared with control group.Conclusions The cognitive therapy can improve cognitive bias and mental health of patients with BID.

Objective The small-diameter titanium-zirconium implants were used to repair the missing posterior teeth.The status of soft and hard tissue around the implants and the possible mechanical complications were observed and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Methods 20 patients (24 implants) who were treated with small-diameter SLActive titanium-zirconium soft-tissue level implants (diameter 3.3 mm) in the posterior teeth area were selected as observation groups.25 patients (30 implants) were treated with standard-diameter SLA titanium soft-tissue level implants (4.1 mm) in the posterior teeth region were selected as controls.We measured and documented the implant stability quotient (ISQ);6 months after implant treatment,we recorded implant marginal bone loss (MBL),modified plaque index (mPLI),modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI) and probing depth (PD) and documented the possible mechanical complications.Results The ISQ value in the observation group maintained an upward trend within 12 weeks after the operation;the ISQ value in the control group was low at 4 weeks and then increased steadily.There was no significant difference in MBL,mPLI,mSBI and PD between the two groups after six months of ending treatment.No mechanical complications occurred in either group.Conclusions Small-diameter titaniumzirconium implants repairing the missing posterior teeth have a good soft and hard organizational status and short-term clinical efficacy.

Objective To evaluate the aesthetic effect of palatal roll connective tissue flap applied to soft tissue increments in implant restoration in the anterior zone.Methods Eighteen patients treated anterior implant restoration (20 implants) underwent palatal roll connective tissue flap,at the same time when the gingival healing cap was placed.Fifteen patients treated anterior implant restoration (16 implants) underwent conventional second-stage surgery as a control.We recorded the score of lip soft tissue fullness and pink esthetic score (PES) at the follow time points:before second-stage surgery;1 month and 6 months after second-stage surgery.Results The score of lip soft tissue fullness in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the preoperative and control groups at 6-month follow-up (P ＜ 0.05).The PES in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the preoperative and control groups at 1-month and 6-month follow-up (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The palatal roll connective tissue flap can significantly improve the red aesthetics of the implant restoration and has good stability.