A novel glucanhydrolase from Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 has been suggested as a promising anti-plaque agent because it has been shown to have additional amylase activity and mutanase activity besides dextranase activity and to strongly bind to hydroxyapatite. Mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase solution was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were less frequent and less intense in human experimental gingivitis. In this study, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase mouthrinses (1 and 2 unit/ml) were compared with a control mouthrinse (commercial 0.01% benzethonium chloride mouthrinse, Caregargle(R), Hanmi Pharmaceuticals) in the ability to inhibit plaque formation. A 3-replicate clinical trial using 4-day plaque regrowth model was used. Fifteen volunteers were rendered plaque-free on the 1st day of each study period, ceased toothcleansing, and rinsed 2X daily with allocated mouthrinse thereafter. On day 5, plaque accumulation was scored and the washout periods was 9 days for the next trial. Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase(1 unit and 2 unit)- containing mouthrinse resulted in significantly lower plaque formation in plaque area and thickness, compared to the control mouthrinse. There was no significant difference in plaque inhibition between enzyme-mouthrinses at 2 different concentrations used. This glucanhydrolase- containing mouthwash resulted in significantly lower plaque area severity index score and tended to have lower plaque thickness severity index score than those of control mouthrinse. But there was no significant difference according to the enzyme concentration. From these results, Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 glucanhydrolase-containing benzethonium chloride mouthrinse has greater anti-plaque effect than the commercial mouthrinse alone. Therefore this glucanhydrolase preparation is a promising agent for new mouthwash formulation in the near future.
Amylases ; Benzethonium ; Chlorhexidine ; Dextranase ; Durapatite ; Gingivitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lipomyces* ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lack of simple and repeatable tests hampers gastric emptying studies in rats. The aim of this study was to adapt the 14C-octanoate solid gastric emptying breath test for application in rats, and to validate it against radioscintigraphic method. METHODS: After ingestion of a meal containing 3 mCi 99mTc and 2 microCi 14C-octanoate, 23 male Wistar rats were placed on a gamma camera in a airflow container. Scintigraphic images were taken at regular intervals. The amount of 14CO2 in a regularly replaced hyamine hydroxide solution, capturing CO2 in the outflow air, was counted using liquid scintillation spectrometry. 99mTc gastric retention curves and 14CO2-excretion curves were fitted to their respective data. Three rats underwent the same procedures after administration of atropine. RESULTS: Overall Tr10% (time at which 10% of the original amount of 99mTc remained in the stomach) was 355 +/- 64 minutes; Te90% (time at which 90% of total amount of 14CO2 was excreted) was 325 +/- 106 minutes. Their correlation coefficient was 0.71, R-square 0.50 and P < 0.005. Tr1/2 (50% of original amount of 99mTc remained) was 124 +/- 28 minutes; Te1/2 (50% of total amount of 14CO2 excreted) 114 +/- 32 minutes. Their correlation coefficient was 0.83 with R-square of 0.69 and P < 0.00005. In 12 immobilized animals correlation was even better: correlation coefficient 0.84; R-square 0.71 and P < 0.001 (Tr10% was 388 +/- 117 minutes; Te90% 532 +/- 219 minutes; Tr1/2 of 165 +/- 54 minutes; Te1/2 of 175 +/- 67 minutes). Atropine significantly lengthened all emptying times: 904 +/- 307 and 1461 +/- 684 minutes for Tr10% and Te90%, respectively; and 432 +/- 117 minutes for Tr1/2 and 473 +/- 190 minutes for Te1/2. CONCLUSIONS: We adapted and validated the 14C-octanoate gastric emptying breath test for application in rats.
Animals ; Atropine ; Benzethonium ; Breath Tests ; Caprylates ; Eating ; Gamma Cameras ; Gastric Emptying ; Humans ; Hydroxides ; Male ; Meals ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Retention (Psychology) ; Spectrum Analysis

Benzethonium chloride is quaternary ammonium compounds, which may cross-react with benzalkonium chloride. It has been used in the treatment of burns, ulcers, wounds, and infected dermatoses and also present in many cosmetics, deodorants, mouthwashes, dentifrices, lozenges, and ophthalmic preparations. Cetostearyl alcohol is used as emulsifiers and can be considered as preservatives. A 19-year-old female presented with well-demarcated adult-fist sized dark-reddish patch on the left shin. She had applied Senepul(R) (disinfectant solution) 3 months ago due to scratching wound and applied Travogen(R). Patch test with Korean standard series and the ingredients of used topical agents showed positive reactions to benzethonium chloride and cetostearyl alcohol.
Benzalkonium Compounds ; Benzethonium* ; Burns ; Dentifrices ; Deodorants ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Female ; Humans ; Mouthwashes ; Patch Tests ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Skin Diseases ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries ; Young Adult

ObjectiveTo study the influence of povidone-iodine (PI) versus that of the benzethonium chloride wipe (BCW) on semen collection and semen quality of sperm donors undergoing penile skin disinfection and provide some evidence for the selection of disinfection methods for semen collection.

METHODSWe used PI from August to December 2015 and BCWs from January to July 2016 for penile skin disinfection before semen collection, with two samples from each donor, one collected with and the other without penis skin disinfection (the blank control group). After semen collection, we conducted a questionnaire investigation on the influence of the two disinfection methods on semen collection and compared the semen parameters between the two groups of sperm donors.

RESULTSTotally, 185 sperm donors were included in this study, of whom 63 underwent penile skin disinfection with PI and the other 122 with BCWs before semen collection. Statistically significant differences were found between the PI and BCW groups in the adaptability to the disinfectant and rigid disinfection procedures (P <0.05), but not in the other items of the questionnaire (P >0.05). Compared with the sperm donors of the blank control group, those of the PI group showed statistically significant difference in the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) (［63.02 ± 3.18］% vs ［61.45 ± 4.78］%, P<0.05), but not in the abstinence time (［4.97 ± 1.79］ vs ［4.7 ± 0.94］ d, P >0.05), semen volume (［4.11 ± 1.54］ vs ［4.15 ± 1.61］ ml, P >0.05), sperm concentration (［110 ± 29.6］ vs ［107.5 ± 31.79］ ×10⁶/ml, P >0.05), or total sperm count (［439.10 ± 170.13］ vs ［434.02 ± 186.91］ ×106/ejaculate, P >0.05), while those of the BCW group exhibited no remarkable difference in any of the above parameters (P >0.05). Among the samples with abnormal semen quality, significantly fewer were found with abnormal PMS in the BCW than in the PI group (1.64% ［2/122］ vs 9.68% ［6/62］, P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the PI and BCW groups in the abnormal semen volume, abnormal sperm concentration, or the rate of semen bacterial contamination (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBefore semen collection from donors, penile skin disinfection with povidone-iodine may affect both the semen collection process and the quality of donor sperm, while the benzethonium chloride wipe can reduce the influence on the semen collection process and does not affect the semen parameters.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; administration & dosage ; Benzethonium ; administration & dosage ; Disinfection ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Povidone-Iodine ; administration & dosage ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Skin ; Sperm Count ; Sperm Retrieval ; Spermatozoa ; Tissue Donors