Benzene ; toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans

Benzene is classified as Group 1 carcinogen by IARC. It has been found that benzene induces hematotoxicity even in low dose exposure. The identification of key events during benzene induced hematotoxicty leads to adjustment of occupational exposure limits of benzene. In this review, we focus on the exposure, metabolism, target organs, key epigenetic changes, toxicty effects and end points of low-dose chronic benzene exposure induced hematotoxicity and finally discuss the perspectives on the future study of this area.
Benzene ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure

Benzene ; toxicity ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Benzene ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; toxicity ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Leukemia ; chemically induced ; genetics

Amifostine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Blood ; drug effects ; Blood Cell Count ; Male ; Mice ; Random Allocation

Benzene ; toxicity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Thrombocytopenia ; chemically induced

Adult ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo measure the acute toxicity of halogenated benzenes to bacteria in natural waters and to study quantitative relationships between the structure and activity of chemicals.

METHODSThe concentration values causing 50% inhibition of bacteria growth (24h-IC50) were determined according to the bacterial growth inhibition test method. The energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the net charge of carbon atom of 20 halogenated benzenes were calculated by the quantum chemical MOPAC program.

RESULTSThe log1/IC50 values ranged from 4.79 for 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene to 3.65 for chlorobenzene. A quantitative structure-activity relationship model was derived from the toxicity and structural parameters: log1/IC50 = -0.531(E(LUMO)) + 1.693(Qc) + 0.163(logP) + 3.375. This equation was found to fit well (r2 = 0.860, s = 0.106), and the average percentage error was only 1.98%.

CONCLUSIONHalogenated benzenes and alkyl halogenated benzenes are non-polar narcotics, and have hydrophobicity-dependent toxicity. The halogenated phenols and anilines exhibit a higher toxic potency than their hydrophobicity, whereas 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is electrophile with the halogen acting as the leaving group.

Aliivibrio fischeri ; drug effects ; Benzene ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Halogens ; chemistry ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ; Rivers ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; chemistry ; toxicity

Adult ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Reference Values ; Sorbic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Benzene ; toxicity ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia ; chemically induced ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Young Adult