Objective To investigate the expression pattern of skeletal muscle specific miR-206,myogenesis related myoD which change with time in dcnervated muscle atrophy rats.Methods From June,2015 to January,2016,40 SPF sprague-dawley rats were equally classified into 5 groups randomly according to standard settled before,5 groups were separately defined as denervated 0d group,denervated 1d group,denervated 7d group,denervated 14d group,and denervated 28d group.Each group contained 8 rats.The rats atrophy models were established by cutting sciatic never on left side.According to the different denervated time,the gastrocnemii on both sides were obtained under anesthesia,respectively.The wet weight ratio of two compared gastrocnemii were measured,and the gastrocnemii transection was observed by HE stain,measured the expression of myoD protein by western blot,obtained the expression of miR-206,myoD mRNA by qPCR.Results According to our study on rats denervated atrophy models,the wet ratio of compared gastrocnemius would decrease rapidly,by HE stain,decease of cross sectional area in muscle fiber was observed as well as degeneration.Collagen fibers hyperplasia appeared and increased with time change.Wet ratio and transaction aera ratio of group Od,1d,7d,14d,28d were 0.99±0.04,0.92±0.07,0.68±0.11,0.39±0.06,0.27±0.07 and 0.99±0.02,0.96±0.04,0.51±0.09,0.34±0.08,0.23±０.03 respectively,difference between experimental groups and control group were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05),the differences between each experimental groups were also statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).After qPCR test of miR-206,myoD mRNA expression,it was found that their expression patterns were similar,miR-206,myoD mRNA increased at first and would reach the expression peak at the 7 th day,after that their contents decreased but still higher at the 14th day when compared with that at the 1 st day.Their expression of group 0d,1 d,7d,14d,28d were 0.24±0.06,0.34±0.04,0.68±0.04,0.49± 0.07,0.25±0.03 and 0.41 ±0.06,0.49±0.09,0.93±0.06,0.66±0.03,0.39±0.04,respectively.All experimental groups were statistically significant different when compared with 0d group except 1d group (P＜ 0.05),the differences between each experimental groups were also statistically significant(P＜ 0.05).The protein expression of myoD was also measured by western blot test,which showed nearly the same expression pattern as the mRNA expression pattern.After injury,the protein expression increased and reached the expression peak at the 7th day.The relative expression of myoD of group 0d,1d,7d,14d,28d measured by grey ratio were 1.03±0.05,1.06±0.06,1.42±0.10,0.66±0.13,0.24±0.07,respectively.The difference between experimental groups and control group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),the differences between each experimental groups were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05) as well.Conclusion The degree of muscle denervation atrophy was related to the denervated duration in rats.The expression regulation of miR-206 and myoD in gastrocnemius was similar during the muscle denervation atrophy,which suggesting having internal relationship between miR-206 and myoD.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the dissolution rate of nitrendipine in vitro using co-grinding method.METHODS: Single-factor test was adopted to detect effect of phases of co-grinding,category of excipients (MCC,PVPk30,HPC,HPMC),time (0,10,20,30,40,50,60 min) of co-grinding and ratio of principal component to excipients (1 ∶ 1,1 ∶ 2,1 ∶ 3,1 ∶ 4,1 ∶ 5,1 ∶ 6,1 ∶ 7,1 ∶ 8,1 ∶ 9) on in vitro dissolution of nitrendipine power and tablet.RESULTS: The condition of co-grinding method was as follows: dual co-grinding phase,HPC or MCC as excipients,co-grinding time of 40 min,ratio of principal component to excipients was 1 ∶ 4.Accumulative dissolution rate of nitrendipine powder was more than 80% within 10 min and that of nitrendipine tablet was more than 80% within 40 min.CONCLUSION: Co-grinding method can improve the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble nitrendipine in vitro under suitable condition.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), and to explore the risk factors related to the progression of LGIN.Methods:The clinical, endoscopic and pathological data of 411 patients with LGIN diagnosed by initial pathological biopsy in the Department of Gastroenterology, the First People′s Hospital of Yichang (the People′s Hospital of China Three Gorges University) from January 1, 2012 to December 30, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and were followed up every three to six months and endoscopy and pathological biopsy were performed. The clinical data of patients were collected, which included age, gender, lesion location, lesion size, lesion type, lesion color, lesion appearance, family history of gastric cancer, history of smoking and alcohol intake, history of pickled food, whether complicated with intestinal metaplasia or gastric atrophy and the degree, whether there was Helicobacter pylori infection. According to the results of last follow up, the differences in above factors between progressive and non-progressive patients, and the risk factors for the progression of LGIN were analyzed. Indenpendent sample t test, chi square test, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 411 patients with LGIN, there were 261 males and 150 females, the ratio of male to female was 1.74 ∶1; the mean age was (57.5±10.3) years old (30 to 86 years old). The most common clinical symptoms were abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort and abdominal distension, which accounted for 30.7% (126/411), 25.8% (106/411) and 20.9% (86/411), respectively. The lesions of 245 cases (59.6%) located in gastric antrum; the maximum diameter of lesions of 344 cases (83.7%) was 0.5 to less than 2.0 cm; the lesion types of 232 cases (56.4%), 104 cases (25.3%) and 75 cases (18.2%) were prominent type, flat type and depressed type, respectively. The lesion color of 298 cases (72.5%) was red, and that of 113 cases (27.5%) was normal or white. One hundred and seventy-one cases (41.6%) had surface erosion and 61 cases (14.8%) had surface ulcer. Two hundred and seventy-two cases (66.2%) of LGIN were complicated with intestinal metaplasia, and the proportions of mild, moderate and severe intestinal metaplasia were 50.4% (137/272), 33.8% (92/272) and 15.8% (43/272), respectively; 196 cases (47.7%) of LGIN were with gastric atrophy, and the proportions of mild, moderate and severe degree of gastric atrophy were 58.2% (114/196), 29.1% (57/196) and 12.7% (25/196), respectively. Rapid urease test or 14C urea breath test were carried out in 368 cases (89.5%), the positive rate of Helicobacter pylori infection was 45.1% (166/368), and the proportion of male was higher than that of female (59.6%, 99/166 vs. 40.4%, 67/166), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.537, P<0.05). All 174 patients with LGIN were successfully followed up, and the LGIN lesion of 11.5% (20/174) patients was progressive. The results of univariate analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the lesion location, lesion size, lesion type, lesion appearance, atrophy, family gastric cancer history, history of alcohol intake, and history of pickled food between the patients with progressive lesions (20 cases) and the patients with non-progressive lesions (154 cases) ( χ2=11.950, 22.370, 8.964, 8.552, 10.362, 7.139, 5.913 and 4.668, all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lesions in gastric corpus, maximum diameter of the lesion ≥2.0 cm, depressed lesions, ulcer lesions, atrophy, family gastric cancer, history of alcohol intake, history of pickled foods were independent risk factors of the progression of LGIN (odds ratio=4.796, 5.457, 4.431, 3.521, 1.380, 21.405, 3.294 and 1.832, 95% confidence interval 2.028 to 6.431, 3.256 to 8.943, 1.356 to 6.410, 1.305 to 5.706, 1.013 to 2.805, 5.062 to 25.391, 2.012 to 5.826, 1.072 to 3.790, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The lesions located in gastric corpus, maximum diameter of the lesion ≥2.0 cm, depressed lesions, ulcer lesions, atrophy, family gastric cancer history, history of alcohol intake, history of pickled foods are independent risk factors of the progression of LGIN. When the patients with LGIN have these characteristics, endoscopic resection should be considered.

OBJECTIVE：To p rovide reference for related pharmacy work for developing evidence-based pharmacy information support to respond for novel coronavirus pneumonia （COVID-19） epidemic. METHODS ：The PubMed，CNKI and Wanfang database were consulted to obtain treatment progress of COVID-19，prohibited for use with lopinavir/ritonavir and adverse drug reactionas until February 12，2020；so were package insert and UpToDate at the same time. Those information were summarized and evaluated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Totally 14 literatures introduced chemical drugs for COVID- 19，involving 7 categories， 20 kinds of chemical drugs as antiviral drugs （interferon α/interferon α-2 β ， lopinavir/litonavir， etc.）， immunomodulatory agents （such as glucocorticoid ，gamma globulin ），antimalarial drugs （such as chloroquine phosphate ）. The existing evidence of drug treatment mainly comes from in vitro cell test or currently progressing RCT ，with low-level evidence and recommendation intensity （Oxford evidence level is level 5，recommendation intensity is level D ）. For lopinavir/ritonavir that recommended in the diagnosis and treatment recommendations for COVID- 19 published by the National Health Commission ，it is a CYP3A inhibitor ，which resulted in increased plasma concentrations of some medications such as antiarrhythmic drugs ，antitumor targeted drugs and antibacterial drugs ，and should not be used in combination with drugs such as afzosin ，ivabradine，amiodarone， etc. Its common adverse reactions mainly involved igestive system （diarrhea，taste disorders ，vomiting，etc.），respiratory system （upper respiratory tract infection ），endocrine and metabolic system （hypercholesterolemia，etc.），skin and its appendents （skin rash），which should be monitored clinically.