The quality of Chinese medicinal materials relates greatly to the clinical curative effect and security. In order to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials, a systematic and operable traceability system needs to be established. It can realize the whole process of quality and safety management of Chinese medicinal materials "from production to consumption" through recording and inquiring information and recalling defective products, which is an important direction for the future development of traditional Chinese medicine. But it is still at the exploration and trial stage. In this paper, a framework of Chinese medicinal materials' quality and safety traceability system was established on the basis of the domestic and international experience about the construction of food and agricultural products traceability systems. The relationship between traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials' quality and GAP, GMP, GSP was analyzed, and the possible problems and the corresponding solutions were discussed.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of different nutrition therapies on abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.

METHODSThe 83 cases of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism who came to nutrition clinic were randomly divided into two groups before 30 weeks pregnancy: 42 cases in traditional food exchange serving group (FES) and 41 cases in food exchange serving based on glycemic load group (FES + GL). Traditional food exchange serving and food exchange serving based on glycemic load were used as the different nutrition therapies for two groups respectively until the time of delivery. The influence of two nutrition therapies on the blood glucose and pregnancy outcomes were observed.

RESULTSThe daily food glucose load (GL) after nutrition therapy in the FES + GL group (145.9 ± 26.3) were significantly decreased than that of the FES group (179.9 ± 28.9, t = 5.602, P < 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 h postprandial glucose (2 h PG) ((4.63 ± 0.97) and (6.15 ± 1.07) mmol/L, respectively) after nutrition therapy in the FES + GL group were significantly lower than that in pre-nutrition therapy ((4.96 ± 0.81) and (9.13 ± 1.61) mmol/L, t = 2.237, 11.202, respectively, all P values < 0.05). The 2 h PG in the FES + GL group ((6.15 ± 1.07) mmol/L) after nutrition therapy was significantly lower than that of the FES group ((6.86 ± 1.26) mmol/L, t = 2.760, P < 0.05). 19.51% (8/41) of the total incidence of complications in the FES + GL group was lower than that (11/42, 26.19%) in the FES group, but the difference was not significant (χ² = 0.524, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONFES based on GL was much easier to reduce blood glucose compared with FES. Two nutrition therapies can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Diabetes, Gestational ; diet therapy ; metabolism ; Female ; Glucose Metabolism Disorders ; diet therapy ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nutritional Support ; methods ; Pregnancy

Objective To explore the clinical and imaging features of Parkinson plus syndromes and its differentiation points. Methods Seventy-three patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD),68 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA),10 patients with dementia of Lewy bodies (DLB),15 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and 6 patients with corticobasal degegnration (CBD) were recruited between January,2004 and April,2009 from our hospitals.All patients were given detailed investigation, physical examination, mini-mental status examination and brain CT/MRI examination.Part of patients were performed 18F-FDG PE.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0 software. Results Except for postural abnormity, all the other main clinical features differed significantly between each 2 groups (P＜0.05).Brain MRI examination showed that Olivopontocerebellar atrophy was seen in 48 MSA patients (48/59,81.4％),putaminal hypointensities on T2-weighted images were seen in 4 MSA patients (4/59,6.8％) and the "hot cross bun" signal in pons was seen in 30 MSA patients (30/59, 50.8％); hummingbird-like changes were noted in midsagittal view of MRI in 3 PSP patients (3/15, 20.0％); all 6 CBD patients presented asymmetric cortical atrophy, especially in the frontoparietal areas,and 1 also presented putaminal hypointensities on T2-weighted image.Brain 18F-FDG PET indicated that 18F-FDG intake presented different distribution among groups. Conclusion Each atypical Parkinsonian syndrome has its specific clinical features which attribute to rule it out from either IPD or other Parkinson plus syndromes; brain MRI examination and 18F-PET scan can help to diagnose and differentiate Parkinson plus syndromes.

OBJECTIVETo detect the disease-causing point mutations in the dystrophin gene of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients.

METHODSThe approach of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) coupling with sequencing was used to screen the point mutations of 79 exons and the untranslated regions of dystrophin gene without large deletions/duplications, which was in 6 unrelated DMD probands from 6 DMD families.

RESULTSFive disease-causing mutations, 697-698insGT, C616T, G1255T, C4279T, and C2302T, were ides created the new stop codons in downstream sites of mutations, respectively. In addition to the disease-causing point mutations, a point mutation T5586+61A in intron 39 was also found at patient 3, and a missense mutation A694T in exon 8 was detected at patient 5. Four point mutations, C2168+13T, 5740-13dupG, G5234A and C5280T, were also detected at patient 6 whose causative point mutation was unavailable. Seven point mutations have not been reported previously. Bi-directional PCR amplification of specific alleles (Bi-PASA) method was established to distinguish the haplotypes of heterozygote or homozygote in a single PCR reaction.

CONCLUSIONVia automated DHPLC screening or detecting the subexonic mutations in dystrophin gene is feasible to clinical laboratories, and also is a superior method in terms of sensitivity and efficiency.

Base Sequence ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Dystrophin ; genetics ; Gene Duplication ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Deletion

Objective Previously we have reported the early and midterm benifit of autologous pulmonary patch in repairing aortic coarctation of hypoplastic aortic arch.This study aimed to assess its reliability and midterm and longterm outcomes.Methods We retrospectivly analyzed 42 pediatric patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) with hypoplastic aortic arch undergoing surgical repair with autologous pulmonary patch from May 2009 to May 2017 in General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA.All the patients were allocated into either senior group (＞ 1 years) or junior group (≤1 years) according to the age of operation.The trans-coarctation gradient,pulmonary pressure and aortic Z value change were compared between two groups before and after the repair.Results There were 8 cases had early postoperative complications.However,no death had been reported during the postoperative time and the followed up period ranged from 4 months to 106 months (40.0± 15.5) months).The average pressure gradient of coarctation segment for all the patients was (11.9±6.4) mmHg,including 5 cases more than 25 mmHg.The pressure gradient and mean pulmonary arterial pressure after operation were significantly lower than those before operation (P＜0.05),The postoperative aortic arch Z value was greater than the preoperative value (P＜0.05).Compared with the preoperative period,the Z value of proximal transverse arch increased significantly(-0.64±0.44) vs (1.27±0.66),P＜0.05.Compared with junior group,the senior group had higher preoperative and postoperative pulmonary artery pressure (P＜0.05),and longer CPB time,aortic block time,ventilation time,ICU time and hospital stay time (P＜0.05).However,patients in the junior group had a higher pressure gradient through the aorta arch(P＜0.05) and a smaller Z value transverse arch aortic proximal and isthmus(P＜0.05) during the long-term period.The time of selective cerebral perfusion had no statistical difference between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early surgery for coarctation of aorta with hypoplastic aortic arch,autologous pulmonary patch aortoplasty is a relatively ideal option with better midterm and longterm outcomes.

OBJECTIVESponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association, more than 10 large-scale hospitals participated in the near two-year multicenter investigation for Brain Injuries in Premature Infants in China. The present study presents the follow-up results of 147 premature infants with brain injuries from 6 Third Class A Level hospitals.

METHODSAll premature infants with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) diagnosed in the early neonatal period in the 6 hospitals were followed-up between January 2005 and August 2006. Based on the synthetic results of physical development, examination of nervous system, intelligence tests and cranial ultrasound, the premature infants with brain injuries were classified as normal development, marginal development and retarded development.

RESULTSOne hundred and forty-seven premature infants with brain injuries from the 6 hospitals consisted of 141 cases of IVH and 36 cases of PVL (30 cases having IVH and PVL). Based on the synthetic follow-up results, 51.4% of premature infants with brain injuries were generally assessed as normal development, 38.4% as marginal development and 10.7% as retarded development. Among them, delayed growth in head circumference, height and weight was 13.4%; the occurrence frequency of cerebral paralysis (CP) was 7.1% in PVL grade I, 28.6% in PVL grade II and 100% in PVL grade III; 12.7% showed retarded development of intelligence; and 30% presented post-injurious changes on cranial sonography.

CONCLUSIONSThe data of the multicenter follow-up can basically reflect the short-term prognosis of premature infants with brain injuries in major big cities of China. About 10% of them have retarded physical, motor-and mental developments. The long-term regular follow-up study is expected for more premature infants with brain injuries, and behavioral sequelae of brain injuries which may occur in peri-school age and adolescence should be paid particularly close attention.

Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; physiopathology ; Cerebral Palsy ; etiology ; Echoencephalography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intelligence ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; complications ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical and lab features of sibling brother and sister both with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).

METHODSWe conducted comprehensive clinical and lab investigations including the test of serum enzymes, electromyography (EMG), electrocardiography, color Doppler echocardiography, HE staining of skeletal muscles, immunohistochemical study of dystrophin and utrophin, multiple ligation probe amplification (MLPA) on exon 1-79 of dystrophin gene, and short tandem repeat-poly- merase chain reaction of CA repeats located in dystrophin gene.

RESULTSThese two patients were confirmed to suffer from DMD. They were characterized by typical features of DMD including typical clinical manifestations, increased serum enzymes, EMG presenting myogenic impairment, HE staining presentation belonging to DMD, negative dystrophin in brother, and inconstantly positive on the sarcolemma of sister. Furthermore, no deletion or duplication was found in the 1-79 exons of dystrophin gene. The suffering brother and sister carried the same maternal X chromosome.

CONCLUSIONSCarriers of DMD gene show typical clinical and laboratory manifestations of DMD. Comprehensive examinations should be performed for such carriers.

Dystrophin ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Siblings

Aim Human TMPRSS2 is a transmembrane serine protease.In this paper, the structure and func¬tion of the protein were systematically analyzed by bioinformatics, the codon was optimized and the pro- karvotie expression vector was constructed to explore the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infecting host cells.Methods The recombinant expression vector pET-22b-TMPRSS2 was generated by molecular clo¬ning technology.The homology, functional sites, sub¬cellular localization, three-dimensional structure and evolutionary characteristics of TMPRSS2 protein were systematically analyzed by using analytical tools such as Protparam, NetPhos3.1, Blast, Clustal X2 and MEGA7.0.Results The prokarvotic expression plas- mid was constructed correctly; TMPRSS2 belongs to medium molecular weight protein, which is composed of 492 amino acid residues.The theoretical isoelectric point is 8.12, the molecular extinction coefficient is 118 145 L • mol~1 • cm"1 , and the half-life is 30 h; TMPRSS2 has 15 potential glycosylation sites and 49 possible phosphorylation sites.It is a transmembrane hydrophilie protein without signal sequenee.In addi¬tion, the protein has 13 potential B-cell epitopes and 7 T-eell epitopes.Seeondarv structure analysis showed that random coil accounted for the highest proportion of TMPRSS2 protein ( 0.453 3) , followed by extended strand (0.252 0).Sequence comparison and evolu¬tionary analysis showed that the highest sequence con¬sistency and closest genetic relationship with human TMPRSS2 was Pan troglodytes, followed by gorilla.Conclusions Human-derived TMPRSS2 protein is ev- olutionarilv conserved and functionally important.Hie results of this study can help to reveal the structure and mechanism of action of TMPRSS2 protein, provide ide¬as for the diagnosis and treatment of COYID-19, and accelerate the research and development process of new drugs targeting TMPRSS2 protein.

Objective: To investigate the effects of PM_2.5 exposure at different stages of early life on the prefrontal cortex of offspring rats. Methods: Twelve pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (CG), Maternal pregnancy exposure group (MG), Early postnatal exposure group (EP) and Perinatal period exposure group (PP), 3 rats in each group. The pregnant and offspring rats were exposed to clean air or 8-fold concentrated PM_2.5. MG was exposed from gestational day (GD) 1 to GD21. EP was exposed from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND21, and PP was exposed from GD1 to PND21. After exposure, the prefrontal cortex of 6 offspring rats in each group was analyzed. HE staining was used to observe the pathological damage in the prefrontal cortex. ELISA was employed to detect neuroinflammatory factors, and HPLC/MSC was applied to determine neurotransmitter content. Western blot and colorimetry were applied for detecting astrocyte markers and oxidative stress markers, respectively. Results: Compared with MG and CG, the pathological changes of prefrontal cortex in PP and EP were more obvious. Compared with MG and CG, the neuroinflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) in PP and EP were increased significantly (P＜0.01), the level of MT were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the level of oxytocin (OT) showed a downward trend; the level of neurotransmitter ACh was also increased significantly (P＜0.01). Compared with MG and CG, the GFAP level of PP and EP showed an upward trend, the level of oxidative stress index SOD in PP and EP was decreased significantly (P＜0.01), and the level of ROS was increased significantly (P＜0.01). Compared with the offspring rats of CG and MG, the CAT level of PP was decreased significantly (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). Compared with the offspring rats of CG, the CAT level of EP was decreased significantly (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MT, OT, ACh, GFAP, SOD, ROS and CAT levels between PP and EP, or MG and CG. Conclusion: PM_2.5 exposure in early life has adverse effects on the prefrontal cortex of offspring male rats, and early birth exposure may be more sensitive.
Animals ; Female ; Interleukin-1/pharmacology* ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Particulate Matter/toxicity* ; Prefrontal Cortex ; Pregnancy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology*