Animals ; Codonopsis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatigue ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Selenium

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is substantially heritable, but specific susceptibility genes remain difficult to be identified. Therefore, it is necessary to explore hereditary markers first.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between schizophrenia and related vWA allele genes based on the analysis of microsatellite DNA vWA polymorphism.DESIGN: A case-controlled study with schizophrenic patients and randomly selected population as subjects.SETTING: Ward of Dalian Seventh People's Hospital and Molecular Biological Laboratory of Dalian Medical University.between March and July 2002 at Dalian Seventh People's Hospital which specializes in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia was diagnosed according to the diagnostic standard of the third edition of "the American Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Schizophrenic Diseases", and their clinical manifestations were predominantly negative signs. Altogether 123 normal blood samples were collected from random population at the Blood Center of Dalian Red Cross. They all denied psychological ailments and severe systematic diseases, and they had no kinship with each other.METHODS: Heparin anti-coagulation blood samples were collected and PCR compound amplification was carried out with the aid of PE Profiler plus system. Then the products were subjected to electrophoresis and gene detection with ABI310 type gene analysis system so as to calculate the frequency of allele genes; Hardy-Weinberg equation law was used to make coincidence test and linkage analysis of the theoretical frequency and actual one. Schizophrenic patients and random population were compared and relative risk was calculated with RR=Pd × (1-Pc)/Pc × (1-Pd) in order to assess the statistical significance (RR: relative risk; Pd: gene frequency of schizophrenia; Pc: gene frequency of random population). RR ＞ 1 was considered of higher susceptibility while RR ＜ 1 was considered of anti-susceptibility. In this way, we could find out vWA allele genes that had susceptible linkage or anti-linkage with schizophrenic related genes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Major outcome: Correlation analysis of vWA allele genes in schizophrenic patients and random population. Secondary outcome: The coincidence of vWA allele gene frequency in patients with schizophrenia and random population with what was calculated by Hardy-Weinberg law.RESULTS: Data of the two groups were processed according to the objective and statistically analyzed.① vWA allele gene frequency in patients with schizophrenia and in random population was found to coincide with HardyWeinberg law(P ＞ 0.05).② The positive rate of vWA-14 in schizophrenic patients (17.2%) was obviously different from that in random population (33.3%) (RR=0.415, P=0.014). The positive rate of vWA-17 in schizophrenic patients (31.3%) was found to be significantly higher than that in random population (19.5%) (RR=1.866, P=0.043) while it did not differ significantly in other allele genes (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: The positive rate of vWA-14 was significantly lower in schizophrenic patients than in random population, indicating that vWA-14locus may be negatively selected in schizophrenia due to some reasons,which may be approximate to anti-schizophrenia genes. Moreover, the higher expression of vWA-17 in schizophrenic patients than in random population suggests that vWA-17 locus is correlated with schizophrenia,which may be approximate to schizophrenia-susceptibile genes.

Background and purpose:The human oncogene B-cell-speciifc moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) is an important member of the polycomb group family, and it regulates cell proliferation and senescence via INK4a/ARF locus. This study investigated the effects of Bmi-1-siRNA on the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A1 cells with INK4a/ARF locus and clarify the mechanism of Bmi-1-mediated effect on proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Methods:In this study, we chose the most efifcient siRNA chain the pGeneshl-2-Bmi-1 sense-1 and inserted into a pSUPER-retro-neo retroviral vector. The packaged si-Bmi-1 pSUPERret-ro-neo retroviral vector was stably transfected into lung adenocarcinoma SPC-A1 cell line. The stably transfected cells were cultured and passed. After transfection, the levels of Bmi-1 mRNA and protein expression of SPC-A1 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. Trypan blue, MTT and plate colony forming assay were performed to observe the proliferation capibility of SPC-A1 cells and evaluate the cloning forming ability in vitro. The potency of tumorigenesis was observed in nude mouse through hypodermic inoculation of SPC-A1 cells. Cell cycle distribu-tion was analyzed by lfow cytometry (FCM) in SPC-A1 cells. The expression levels of proliferation proteins including p16INK4a, p53, Cyclin D1, PTEN, Akt and Ser473p-Akt were analyzed by Western blot. Results:The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bmi-1 were signiifcantly reduced in SPC-A1-Bmi-1-siRNA cells transfected with pSUPER-retro-neo retroviral vector. Knockdown of Bmi-1 could inhibit the growth, colony formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo of SPC-A1 cells (P<0.01). The transfected SPC-A1 cells were arrested in G1 phase [(64.6±1.2)%, P<0.05]. Compared with two control groups, p16INK4a, p53 and Akt were not affected (P>0.05), while Cyclin D1 and Ser473p-Akt were downregulated (P<0.01) and PTEN was up-regulated (P<0.01) in the SPC-A1-Bmi-1-siRNA cells. SPC-A1-Bmi-1-siRNA cells were treated with various concentrations of PTEN inhibitor to determine expression levels of PTEN, Bmi-1 and Ser473p-Akt protein. Ablation of PTEN rescued Bmi-1 and Ser473p-Akt expression in SPC-A1-Bmi-1-siRNA cells. Conclusion:Knockdown of Bmi-1 gene can arrest the proliferation of SPC-A1 cells through G0/G1 phase arrest by inhibiting Cyclin D1 expression indirectly, which may be not associated with p16INK4a signaling pathway.

Background and purpose:The pro-oncogene Bmi-1 is a member of the polycomb-group family, can regulation of the proliferation and self-renewal of normal and tumor stem cells. In recent years, Bmi-1 has been found that it is overexpressed in varieties of human malignant tumors. The study aimed to observe the effects of Bmi-1-siRNA on the growth capacity of lung cancer cell line A549 in vivo and in vivo, and explore its mechanism. Methods:The most effective one as a target sequence was chosen from four Bmi-1 siRNA sequences which were designed by our lab, and one random sequence was chosen as a negative control. In short, the chemically synthesized siRNA and control sequences were connected to a retrovirus expressing vector, pSUPERretro-Neo plasmid, and then transfected into A549 cells. The stably transfected cells were cultured and passed. The level of mRNA and protein of Bmi-1 in A549 cells were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The proliferations of A549 cells in vivo was analyzed with MTT, trypan blue exclusion and plate colony forming methods. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis. The potency of tumorigenesis was observed in nude mouse through hypodermic inoculation of A549 cells. The expressions of cyclin D, p21/27, p-AKT and PTEN were analyzed by Western blot. Results:Compared to A549-ctr and A549-wt cells, Bmi-1 mRNA and protein levels all signiifcantly reduced in A549-Bmi-1-siRNA cells. Bmi-1-siRNA inhibited the growth, colony formation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vitro of A549 cells, and the interference cells cell cycle arrested in G1 phase. In A549-Bmi-1-siRNA cells, p-AKT and cyclinD1 expression were down-regulated while p21/p27 and PTEN were up-regulated. Conclusion:Silencing Bmi-1 gene inhibits the proliferation of A549 cells through G1 phase arrest, which involves the downregulation of cyclin D/p-AKT and upregulation of p21/p27/PTEN.

Aim The relative bioavalability of hydrochloride eperisone granule in 10 healthy volunteers was studied. Methods The time-plasma concentrations of hydrochloride eperisone granule, as test drug, and myonal, as reference drug, were determined by GC-MS, with tolperisone senuing as internal standard.The pharmacokinetic parameters of both reference and test drug were calculated and analyzed with two-one side test and confidential interval test. Results The results showed that the AUC0-8, AUC0-∞, Cmax, Tpeak, t1/2(?) and t1/2(?) were (17.9?1.3)ng?h?ml-1 and(18.6?1.6)ng?h?ml-1, (19.1?1.2)ng?h?ml-1 and (20.2?1.6)ng?h?ml-1, (5.2?0.5)ng?ml-1 and (5.4?0.5) ng?ml-1, (1.05?0.18)h and (1.08?0.23)h, (0.78? 0.13)h and ( 0.82?0.14)h,( 1.8?0.3)h and (1.8?0.3)h, respectively. The relative bioavalability of test drug was (105? 5)%. Conclusion It can be concluded that the test and reference are bioequivalented between individuals, preparations and periods.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the absolute bioavailability of caffeic acid in rats and its intestinal absorption properties.

METHODThe absolute bioavailability (Fabs) of caffeic acid was obtained after iv (2 mg x kg(-1)) or ig (10 mg x kg(-1)) administration to rats. The intestinal absorption of caffeic acid was explored by the recirculating vascularly perfused rat intestinal preparation. Caco-2 cell model was applied to measure the permeability of caffeic acid from apical to basolateral said (A-B) and from basolateral to apical said (B-A).

RESULTA two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was best to describe the pharmacokinetics of caffeic acid following iv or ig administration. The Fabs of caffeic acid was 14. 7% , and its intestinal absorption was 12.4%. The values of Papp A-->B and Papp B-->A of caffeic acid were retained stable while its concentration was changed. The efflux ratio values in this study surveyed were above 2.0, and suggesting caffeic acid was active transport.

CONCLUSIONCaffeic acid was shown to have poor permeability across the Caco-2 cells, low intestinal absorption and low oral bioavailability in rats.

Animals ; Biological Availability ; Caco-2 Cells ; Caffeic Acids ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To evaluate the association of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)and its encoding gene CPB2 polymorphism with myocardial infarction.Methods CPB2 gene (Thr325Ile)polymorphism were typed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)in patients of myocardial infarction(n=100)and a control group(n=90).The antigen(Ag) and the activity(Act)of TAFI were determined by ELISA and chromogenic assay respectively.The relationship between Thr325Ile gene polymorphism and TAFI Ag and Act were also analyzed.Results In MI group TAFI Ag and Act[TAFI Act(51.4?9.3)?g/ml,TAFI Ag(145.6?33.5)%]were significently higher than those of control group[TAFI Act(25.7?5.6)?g/ml,TAFI Ag(76.5?24.8)%] (t=22.927 2,P

BACKGROUNDTo assess the safety and tolerance of adefovir dipivoxil tablet in Chinese healthy volunteers.

METHODSTotally 42 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study, 21 were female and 21 were male and their age ranged from 19 to 26 years. The subjects were randomly divided into 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg dose-groups (6-10 subjects in each group) based on sex and weight, beginning with the 5 mg dose-group. Clinical symptoms, vital signs, electrocardiogram, routine blood test, routine urine test, prothrombin time and blood biochemical tests were recorded and evaluated.

RESULTSNo significant changes were found in clinical symptoms, vital signs and laboratory tests after dosing, except slight elevations of alanine aminotransferase in 2 subjects and bilirubin in 6 subjects observed and some gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea found in 3 subjects, but the frequency and severity of all the adverse reactions were not found to be related to the dosages.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that single oral dose of adefovir dipivoxil 60 mg or less was safe and tolerable.

Adenine ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Organophosphonates ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Tablets ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) category IIIa chronic prostatitis syndromes (non bacterial chronic prostatitis) were common disorders but with few effective therapies. Alpha-blockers and bioflavonoids had recently been reported in randomized controlled trials to improve the symptom of these disorders in a significant proportion of men. The aim of this study was to confirm these findings in a prospective randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

METHODSForty-five men with category IIIa chronic non bacterial protatitis were randomized into three groups as follows: (1) placebo; (2) phenoxybenzamine-hydrochloride:10 mg two times a day for one month; (3) flavoxate HCI-neptumus: 200 mg three times a day for one month. The NIH chronic prostatitis symptom score was used to grade symptoms at the beginning and conclusion of the study.

RESULTSAll the patients in three groups completed the study except three dropout patients in placebo group because of sever symptoms. The three groups were similar in age, duration of symptoms and initial symptom score. Patients taking placebo had a mean improvement in NIH-CPSI from 21.85 to 19.55 (not significant), while the phenoxybenzamine-hydrochloride group had a mean improvement from 21.95 to 13.75 (P < 0.01), and those taking flavoxate HCI-neptumus had a mean improvement from 21.75 to 16.95 (P < 0.05). The decrease in NIH-CPSI was associated with significant improvement in patients' clinical manifestations.

CONCLUSIONTherapy with alpha-blockers was well tolerated with significant symptomatic improvement in most men having chronic non-bacterial chronic protatitis while the bioflavonoids group had no significant improvement. Mechanism of both medicines needs further study.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Flavoxate ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Parasympatholytics ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Prostatitis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of thoracic aortic replacement with concomitant endoluminal stent grafting in the treatment of DeBakey type I aortic dissection.

METHODSFrom September 2007 to January 2010, 6 patients with DeBakey type I aortic dissection (including one with aortic dissection relapse) received ascending aortic (or Bentall) and total aortic arch replacement and simultaneous stent graft implantation into the descending aorta. Multi-slice spiral CT scans (MSCT) were performed in each patient regularly after the surgery. Cardio-pulmonary bypass including deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion were used during the surgery.

RESULTSAll the patients recovered smoothly after the surgical procedure without serious complications. The time of cardiopulmonary bypass ranged from 208 to 291 min (mean 242 min), arrest time of the ascending aortic was 112-194 min (mean 145 min), and selective cerebral perfusion time was 63-102 min (mean 76 min). The patients were followed up for 4-32 months (mean 15.5 months), and MSCT revealed smooth blood flow in the prosthesis, complete thrombus formation in the false lumen in the perigraft space and shrinkage of the distal false lumen without internal fistula or stent dislocation.

CONCLUSIONThoracic aortic replacement with concomitant endoluminal stent grafting is a safe and effective treatment of DeBakey type I dissection.

Adult ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; classification ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm ; classification ; surgery ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome