ObjectiveTo investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) and its receptor in the development of hypertrophic scar. MethodsThe expression of PDGF and its receptor were detected in biopsy specimens of 9 pieces of normal skin, 7 pieces of granulation tissue of burn wound and 34 pieces of hypertrophic scar by immunohistochemical staining using specific polyclonal antibodies.ResultsPDGF and its receptor markedly increased in granulation tissue and hypertrophic scars, reaching the peak in the hypertrophic scars within 6 months and then decreased after the peak, whereas PDGF and its receptor expressed weakly in only a few normal skin specimens, and the differences were significant(P<0.05).ConclusionsThe increasing expression of PDGF and its receptor may be related to the development of hypertrophic scar.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic methods and reasonable treatment of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS).

METHODSClinical data of six patients with PJS were reviewed.

RESULTSRepeated abdominal pain, intussusception and intestinal polyp with bleeding were main manifestations. Four patients father,three patients grandfather and one patients mother were diagnosed with PJS. Three patients had family history of cancer. Case 4 and case 5 underwent laparotomy for many times because of intussusceptions caused by polyps or recurrent abdominal pain. Case 1 and case 4 had polyps synchronous with adenoma, and case 2 had polyp with gastric cancer. Main treatment included polyp resection and partial small intestinal and colon resection.

CONCLUSIONSPatients with PJS have family history of cancer and a high incidence of polyp recurrence of small intestine. Surgical intervention is the first choice regimen. Surveillance should be emphasized on gastrointestinal tract and other potential malignant organs in PJS patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Small ; surgery ; Male ; Pedigree ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of minimal residual disease (MRD) level on day 33 of remission induction and IKZF1 genotype on the survival of children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).

METHODSA total of 152 children with newly-diagnosed B-ALL who had complete remission after the first cycle of the chemotherapy and had complete follow-up information were enrolled in this study. According to the MRD detection by flow cytometry on day 33 of remission induction, they were divided into three groups: standard-risk (SR) group (MRD <10; n=60), intermediate-risk (IR) group (10≤ MRD <10; n=55), and high-risk (HR) group (MRD ≥10; n=37). Nested RT-PCR was used to determine the IKZF1 genotype of all children before chemotherapy. The effects of MRD level on day 33 of remission induction and IKZF1 genotype on the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of children with B-ALL were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 7 common IKZF1 subtypes in all the 152 children with B-ALL: IK1, IK2/3, IK4, IK6, IK8, IK9, and IK10. Of the 152 children, 130 had functional subtypes of IKZF1 and 22 had non-functional subtypes of IKZF1. During the follow-up period, relapse occurred in 26 (17%) children, and the recurrence rate was highest in the HR group (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the SR group and the IR group (P>0.05). The cumulative recurrence rate of the children with non-functional subtypes of IKZF1 was significantly higher than that of those with functional types of IKZF1 (P<0.01). The predicted 5-year RFS rates in the SR, IR, and HR groups were (94.2±2.9)%, (86.7±3.8)%, and (56.2±4.5)% respectively (P<0.05). The 5-year RFS rate of the children with functional subtypes of IKZF1 was significantly higher than that of those with non-functional subtypes of IKZF1 (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the predicted 5-year RFS rate between the children with functional subtypes of IKZF1 and those with non-functional subtypes of IKZF1 in the SR group (P>0.05). However, the predicted 5-year RFS rate of the children with functional subtypes of IKZF1 was significantly higher than that of those with non-functional subtypes of IKZF1 in the IR group and the HR group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSB-ALL children with non-functional subtypes of IKZF1 have a high recurrence rate, and the recurrence rate will be even higher in B-ALL children with non-functional subtypes of IKZF1 and MRD ≥10 on day 33 of chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Ikaros Transcription Factor ; genetics ; Male ; Neoplasm, Residual ; genetics ; mortality ; therapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; genetics ; mortality ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Remission Induction ; Survival

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

The quality of Chinese medicinal materials relates greatly to the clinical curative effect and security. In order to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials, a systematic and operable traceability system needs to be established. It can realize the whole process of quality and safety management of Chinese medicinal materials "from production to consumption" through recording and inquiring information and recalling defective products, which is an important direction for the future development of traditional Chinese medicine. But it is still at the exploration and trial stage. In this paper, a framework of Chinese medicinal materials' quality and safety traceability system was established on the basis of the domestic and international experience about the construction of food and agricultural products traceability systems. The relationship between traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials' quality and GAP, GMP, GSP was analyzed, and the possible problems and the corresponding solutions were discussed.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo study the rat intestinal bacteria metabolism of total saponins of Dioscorea pathaica (TSDP) in vitro, and characterize the metabolites in serum and urine of rats after oral administration of TSDP 900 mg.kg-1.

METHODTSDP metabolites were detected with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and sequential tandem mass spectrometry (MSn).

RESULTIn vitro, TSDP was decomposed easily by rat intestinal bacteria, and metabolites DP-1, DP-2, DP-4, DP-5 and diosgenin (Dio) were observed with prolongation of incubation time by ESI-MS2. In vivo, in the full-scan positive mass spectrum of the rat urine sample, the ion peak at m/z 415 (M-H) and its characteristic fragmentations at m/z 397 and m/z 271 in the MS/MS spectrum were identified with that of metabolite Dio, therefore metabolite Dio was deduced to exist in the rat urine, and metablite Dio was allso detected in the rat serum sample.

CONCLUSIONTSDP is decomposed easily by rat intestinal bacteria and metabolite diosgenin is absorbed into blood after oral administration of TSDP.

Animals ; Biotransformation ; Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Diosgenin ; metabolism ; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria ; metabolism ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Saponins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

OBJECTIVESome members of the S100 gene family have been suggested to be associated with cancer development and metastasis. Our previous cDNA micro-array studies have showed S100A6 expression is elevated in gastric cancer compared with that in paired normal mucosa. To validate our previous results and further investigate the possible role of S100A6 gene in gastric cancer, we carried out this detailed S100A6 expression analysis in more matched gastric cancer samples.

METHODSS100A6 expression was detected in 20 paired fresh surgical samples of gastric tumor tissue and matched non-cancerous mucosa by QRT-PCR. A gastric cancer tissue microarray (TMA) containing 1020 duplicate matched normal mucosa, gastric cancer tissue and metastatic lymph node tissue cores from 208 gastric cancer patients was constructed. S100A6 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between S100A6 expression with clinicopathological factors and survival was analyzed.

RESULTSAs quantitated by QRT-PCR, S100A6 transcript level was elevated in 73.7% of the primary cancer lesions with an average 2.25-fold up-regulation than that in matched non-neoplastic mucosa. As displayed by immunohistochemistry, the positive rate of S100A6 in non-neoplastic mucosa, tumor lesions and metastatic lymph nodes was 34.3%, 84.1% and 90.9%, respectively. S100A6 expression level in cancer and metastatic lymph node was significantly higher than their matched non-neoplastic mucosa (P < 0.05). 65.5% of patients showed an increased S100A6 expression in cancer tissue compared with that in matched normal mucosa. S100A6 overexpression was associated with larger tumor size and deeper invasion (P = 0.022 and P = 0.009). No evidence was found for an association between S100A6 expression level and other variables, including tumor grade, nodal metastases, and TNM stage. There was no association between S100A6 expression level and survival. But compared with paired non-neoplastic mucosa, an increased S100A6 expression in tumor lesion predicated a decreasing suvival if compared with a decreased S100A6 expression, though the difference was statistically not significant.

CONCLUSIONElevated expression of S100A6 gene may be an early event in the development and progression of gastric cancer. Further study of this gene may be helpful for understanding the nature of gastric carcinoma.

Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6 ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Burden ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo explore safe, effective, simple and easy non-drug treatments for grade 1 essential hypertension.

METHODSAccording to TCM syndrome differentiation, 126 cases of grade 1 essential hypertension were classified into 4 types: liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome, yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity syndrome, excessive phlegm-dampness syndrome, yin-yang deficiency syndrome, and then the patients were randomly divided into a photoelectric combined with musical treatment group (group A), an acupuncture group(group B) and a placebo group (group C). The acupoints were selected according to TCM syndrome differentiation in group A and group B, and multi-mode audio frequency pulse photoelectric therapeutic apparatus and acupuncture were used in the two groups respectively, once daily. Taichong (LR 3) and Quchi (LI 11) were selected in liver-fire hyperactivity syndrome, Taixi (KI 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected yi yin-deficiency and yang-hyperactivity syndrome, Zusanli (ST 36) and Fenglong (ST 40) were selected in excessive phlegm-dampness syndrome, while Taixi (KI 3) and Guanyuan (CV 4) were selected yi yirryang deficiency syndrome. The group C was treated with oral administration of starch tablet (25 mg), one tablet each time,three times everyday. Ten days were considered as one course, totally three courses were required in the three groups. The blood pressure and scores of TCM syndromes before and after treatment were compared among the three groups.

RESULTSThe blood pressure decreased significantly after treatment in group A and group B (all P<0.01), and the decrease in systolic blood pressure was more significant in group A (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 90.5 / (38/42) in group A, which was superior to 71. 4 (30/42, P < 0.05) in group B and 19.1% (18/34, P<0. 01) in group C. The scores of TCM syndromes were both improved in group A and group B, but without significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effect of multi-mode audio frequency pulse photoelectric therapeutic apparatus for treatment of grade 1 essential hypertension is reliable. Meanwhile, it has the advantages of a non-invasive and simple operation.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; Essential Hypertension ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Laser Therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Music Therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a new class of therapeutics composed of a monoclonal antibody and small cytotoxin moieties conjugated through a chemical linker. ADC molecules bind to the target antigens expressed on the tumor cell surfaces guided by the monoclonal antibody component. The binding ADC molecules can be internalized and subsequently the toxin moieties can be released within the tumor cells via chemical and/or enzymatic reactions to kill the target cells. The conjugation combines the merits of both components, i.e., the high target specificity of the monoclonal antibody and the highly potent cell killing activity of the cytotoxin moieties. However, such complexities make the pharmacokinetic and metabolic studies of ADCs highly challenging. The major challenges should include characterization of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, investigation of underlying mechanisms, assessment of pharmacokinetic- pharmacodynamic relationship, and analytical method development of ADC drugs. This review will discuss common pharmacokinetic issues and considerations, as well as tools and strategies that can be utilized to characterize the pharmacokinetic and metabolic properties of ADCs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacokinetics ; Cytotoxins ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; pharmacokinetics ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo seek consciousness regaining methods at early stage for coma patients in neurosurgery.

METHODSPatients whose Galsgows Coma Scale (GCS) < 8 including cerebral contusion, cerebral hemorrhage and brain tumor were randomly divided into an observation group (218 cases) and a control group (237 cases). Conventional medicine and/or surgery were used in two groups. After vital signs became stable, Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method was applied at Shuigou (GV 26), Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), etc. and combined with exercise therapy in observation group, while no rehabilitation therapy was used in control group. The therapeutic effect between two groups was compared.

RESULTSAfter 30 days' treatment, the conscious rate of observation group (80.7%, 176/218) was higher than that of control group (46.8%,111/237), and there was statistics significance between them (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONEarly acupuncture combined with exercise therapy can improve the conscious rate of coma patients in neurosurgery, thereby decrease their mortality and disability rate.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Coma ; therapy ; Consciousness ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged