AIM: To develop a method for optimizing of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of paeoniflorin. METHODS: On the basis of one-factor test and the Box-Behnken central-composite design response surface with 3 factors and 3 levels was adopted. A second order quadratic equation for SFE of paeoniflorin was built. Response surface and contour were graphed with the extraction rate of paeoniflorin as the response value. Based on the analysis of the response surface plots and their corresponding contour plots,the effects of extraction pressure,extraction temperature,and methanol concentration were explored. RESULTS: By using the new method discussed above, the optimum extraction condition was obtained as follows: 18. 9 MPa extraction pressure,extraction cosolvent temperature 59. 9 ℃,68. 5% methanol was chosen as cosolvent with the flow rate of 0. 4 mL/min,and extraction time 60 min. CONCLUSION: Under the optimized condition,extraction rate of paeoniflorin on theoretical value is 7. 85 mg/g.

Preterm infants are often significantly growth retarded at the time of hospital discharge.They often in the nutritional crisis after hospital discharge,and should be carefully follow up evaluated.Preterm formula and fortified breast milk may improve the growth of preterm infants and is a reasonable option for preterm infants.Preterm formula and fortified breast milk are recommended for preterm infants with weights below the 10th percentile for age at the time of hospital discharge and those birth weights below 1 500 g.After hospital discharge,exclusively human milk-fed preterm infants are at increased risk for suboptimal growth compared to formula-fed infants.Infants with BPD are at increased risk of growth retardation after hospital discharge.Protein and mineral enriched formula may provide short-term growth catch-up.

Objective To investigate the variational regularity of cardiac function in the early term infants.Methods Dynamic change of cardiac function was monitored by color Doppler echocardiography from the 1st day to 7th day after birth in the term infants,the indexes including blood-pumping function and flow rate of all valve orifices.Results Left ventricular ejection fraction appeared to be no difference during the first 3 days after birth.it gradually increased on the 5th and 1st days,while it was obviously higher on the 6th and 7th days than that of the first 3 days(P0.05).Conclusions Blood-pumping function of left ventricle gradually increases with days in the 1st week after birth.it attains to the maximum on the 6th and 7th days.The AV and PV gradually increase in the 1st week,too.Diastolic function of right ventricle is mature step by step.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of adult-measles.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients with adult-measles were retrospectively analyzed.Results In summary,67 pa- tients with measles were involved in this study,with 39 males and 28 females.The gender rate was 1.39:1 and the average age was about 32 years old.There were 39 peasants and 28 workers & officials of 67 patients.The peak of the incidence of disease emerged in April and June(40.3%),especially from November 2000 to October 2004 (67.2%),and the positive rate of measles virus IgM antibody in serum was 95.1%(39/41).There were 58 patients (86.6%)who had the fever beyond 39℃and 18 patients(26.9%)who had measles induced viral hepatitis.Con- clusions There is a trend that measles may be related to the nonstandard inoculation of measles vaccine of the de- crease of IgM antibody levels and so on.Meanwhile,serious toxemic symptoms and liver damage can be clinically ob- served.

[Objective]To investigate the metaphase result of extensive fusion in treatment of spondylolisthesis combined with intervertebral disc degeneration of adjacent joints.[Methods]Seventy-nine cases of lumbar spondylolisthesis combined with intervertebral disc degeneration of adjacent joints were treated with extensive fusion and internal fixation from September 2002 to September 2007.JOA and VAS scores were assessed and compared pre-and post-operatively.X-ray and CT were performed to observe the stabilization of fusion joints,and satisfaction rate from patients was investigated.[Results]All patients were followed up for 2 to 6.5 years(mean,4.6 years).Post-operative JOA scores increased(P

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with coronary artery disease over 75 years old. Methods Patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) during the period from April 2001 to April 2004 were divided into the elder group (age ≥75 years old) and the younger group (age ≤60 years old). The basic characteristics, immediate success rate and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) such as re-angioplasty, myocardial infarction and cardiac death during follow-up were analyzed between the two groups. Results The elder group had enrolled 81 cases (64 male/17 female), while the younger group had enrolled 196 cases (176 male/20 female). History of hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary disease, kidney dysfunction and cerebral vascular disease was more commonly found in the elder group. Compared with the younger group, the elder patients were more likely to have multi-vessels lesions (46.9% vs 15.3%, P

Objective To assess the safety of emergent invasive treatment in severe postpartum hemorrhage. Methods Invasive treatment was performed in 18 patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage. The operation time, therapeutic effect, collateral circulation of uterus feeding arteries, pathological changes in uterine muscle after embolization and radiation dose received by the ovary during operation were investigated for safety assessment. Results (1) All eighteen patients who had been failed to conservative treatment were successfully cured with invasive treatment. The duration of hemostasis was 3 to 10 minutes, mean time (6?4) minutes. The operation time was 30 to 50 minutes, mean time (39?5) minutes. (2) Although both sides of internal iliac arteries or uterine arteries were embolized, a small amount of blood supply for uterus remains from ovary arteries, from branches external iliac arteries and from other arteries. (3) Uterine biopsies were performed in 3 patients 5 to 10 days after the invasive treatments for pathological examinations. Pathological findings showed that the necroses of uterine muscles were disconnected and the whole areas were blow 1/4. (4) The mean radiation dose received by the ovary in 5 cases was (17?7) cGy, which was within the safe limit. Conclusions The use of the emergency invasive treatment is safe in severe postpartum hemorrhage.

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the human neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by mitogens in vitro and investigate effects of TH(T 3) on differentiation. Methods The cerebral hemispheres of human fetal at 10-12 weeks of gestation were minced and mechanically dissociated. Cells were seeded at a concentration of 10 5 per ml into defined medium that consisted of DMEM/F12 Epidermal growth factor (EGF,20??g/L) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF,20??g/L) were added respectively as mitogens for 7 days. In some cases, triiodothyronine (T 3, 30??g/L) was added through the culture period. Upon differentiation, the cell cultures were exposured to a substrate and treated with or without T 3 after removing the mitogens. To detect the phenotypes of differentiated cells, immunochemistry staining was performed with the antibody to NF 200, GFAP, MBP and Gal C. To recognize the different stages of oligodendrocytes development, the antibodies O4 and A2B5 were used. The proportion of each neural cell type was determined by counting positive cells in standardized fields at 40? magnifications. Results NSCs induced by EGF and/or bFGF grew in culture as free floating spheres(neurospheres) and were immunoreactive for the intermediate filament nestin. After removing EGF and bFGF, the cells cease mitosis and can be induced to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes regardless of whether T 3 was presented. T 3 favored an neuroglia cell fate especially when combining EGF with T 3 and differentiated cells appeared more early when added of T 3.MBP positive cell is over 80%. The O4 and A2B5 positive cells can be observed at early stage of differentiation only after process grew from neurospheres after adhesion to certain substrate, which indicated that the neuronal network could promote the maturity of oligodendrocyte.Discussion The timing of NSCs differentiation depends on both intracellular mechanisms and extracellular signals. TH is such a signal to activate the effector component of a “clock” mechanism that induces oligodendrocyte differentiation after a limited number of cell divisions.[

BACKGROUND: Triiodothyronine (T3) is an important regulation factor at the critical period of brain development. It maybe control the successive differentiation during the development of central nervous system (CNS).OBJECTIVE: To monitor the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by T3 and the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mRNA expression changes.DESIGN: Open experiment.SETTING: Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force; Institute of Endocrinology of Tianjin Medical University.MATERIALS: This study was carried out in the Tianjin Medical University between January 2003 and March 2005.Ten-to-twelve-week-old aborted fetuses were obtained from the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University with the approval of the local ethical committee. Informed consents were obtained from the mothers and their relatives.METHODS: ①Under the aseptic condition, the bilateral cortex of human fetal brain was removed and dissociated by brief mechanical trituration in D-Hanks. Then, 20 μg/L bFGF and 30 nmol/L T3 were used to induce the proliferation of NSCs and inoculated to poly-L-lysine-coated 24-well plate and 25 mL culture flask for routine culture at 1 ×109 L-1. The culture medium was DMEM/F12 serum-free complemented with N2. Half of the culture medium was changed every 48 hours.Seven days later, bFGF was discarded, only T3 was used for induction and differentiation. ② At 1, 2 and 3 weeks of culture, cells were collected, and RT-PCR was semiquantitatively used to detect TR mRNA expression changes at different stages of differentiation of NSCs. Isoforms were identified by immuocytochemistry.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Cellular morphology observation and isoforms identification before and after differentiation of NSCs induced by T3. ② TR mRNA expression changes during the differentiation of NSCs.RESULTS: ①The hNSCs were round and had a smooth surface and gradually gathered to neurospheres. The proliferative hNSCs were nestin-positive and incorporated BrdU. When NSCs were induced by T3 for one week, most of the cells took on monopole or double poles, and had long and thin processes. The differentiated cells were neurofilament protein (NFP)-positive, galactocerebroside (GC)-positive or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive. When NSCs were induced by T3 for three weeks, most of the cells were big, with unclear cell membrane, round nucleus, many thick processes which had many branches. The spider-like cells were scattered, and 80% of the cells were myelin basic protein-positive. ② TRα1 mRNA expression level was the highest before inducing NSCs. With the induction of T3, the expression level was decreased gradually, and was the lowest at 2 weeks, and then was rebounded gradually, but the final level was still lower than that of NSC (F =32.49, P =0.008). The tendency of TRα2 mRNA expression alteration was identical with that of TRα1 mRNA. TRβ1 mRNA expression level was the lowest in NSC, was increased gradually with the induction of T3 and attained the highest level at 2 weeks of induction of T3. Furthermore, the expression level of TRβ1 mRNA was also higher than that of TRα1 at the same time (t =15.64,P =0.001), and it reached the lowest level at 3 weeks of the induction. TRα3 expression level was firstly decreased after the differentiation induced by T3, and was close to the expression level of NSC at 2 weeks of induction (F =51.94, P =0.378), then was decreased to lower lever.CONCLUSION: T3 can induce NSC to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocyte and astrocytes. TR mRNAs are expressed in different time intervals during the differentiation of NSCs.

Objective To observe and scale knee joint space of the patients who suffered adults' Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shangzhi City of Heilongjiang Province in order to acquire basic knowledge for upcoming intervention trial. Methods Clinical test was proceeded in adults aged above 40 in Guanghui Village of Shangzhi City in 2007. In typical patients, bilateral knee X-ray was taken and knee joint space was scaled. Three points were chosen on inner and outer epicondyle of each knee and results were recorded. Results There were 307 peoples over the age of 40 in the village. Two hundred eighty-two accepted clinical test, in a rate of 91.9%. Eighty out of 282 suffered KBD, accounting for 28.4%. When the patients' condition became more serious, measurements from flank, middle, inside points on outer epicondyle of joint space presented a narrowing trend [degree Ⅰ: (5.85±0.17), (4.84±0.17), (4.36±0.18)mm; degree Ⅱ: (5.11±0.43), (4.24±0.34), (3.48±0.28)nun; degree Ⅲ: (3.59± 0.78), (3.10±0.56), (2.14±0.62)mm; Fflank,middle,inside= 6.547,5.372,10.302, all P < 0.05], but those on inner epicondyle of joint space did not[degree Ⅰ:(3.66±0.17), (3.47±0.17), (3.73±0.18)mm; degree Ⅱ:(3.55± 0.34), (3.54±0.29), (4.35±0.35)mm; degree Ⅲ: (3.19±0.72), (3.92±0.66), (4.51±0.72)ram; Finside,middle,flank= 0.351,0.356,1.883, all P > 0.05]. Joint space < 5.00 mm were found in 618, among which 363 were measured on inner epieondyle, obviously greater than those measured on outer epicondyle of joint space(255), the difference being statistically signifieant(χ2=9.59, P<0.05). Conclusions Adult cases of KBD occur in Guanghui Village. Knee joint space of adult patients narrows obviously, the more serious, the narrower, especially occurring more obviously on outer epicondyle, but frequently on inner epicondyle.