The levels of IgG2b monoclonal antibodies against LD H-C4 in sera of mice bearing hybridoma backpack tumors secreting anti-LDH-C4-IgG2b were detected by quantitative ELISA． The accuracy between batches is 7.04%～l3.30 %, the intra-assay variation is 3.6l%～l0.20%． Standard curveof monoclonal lgG2b was well correlated (r=0.962　　884～0.996　　795)． The sensitivit y of the assay reach e dup to0.0l?mg/L． The present modified ELISA offers a reproducible, se nsitive, specific method in determination of antigen-specific IgG2b antibody in sera．

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the early diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in acute renal failure (ARF) of rabbit.

METHODSThe rabbit model of ARF was established by intramuscular injection of 50% glycerin (12 ml/kg) into the hind legs of 18 New Zealand rabbits. CEUS was performed for both kidneys before injection and 6 hours after the injection. The slope rate of ascending curve (A), the slope rate of descending curve (alpha), area under curve (AUC), derived peak intensity (DPI), and time to peak (TTP) were measured in renal cortex of rabbits using Q-lab software package. Blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured.

RESULTSThe values of A and alpha before the injection of glycerin were (3.07 +/- 1.83) dB/s and (0.19 +/- 0.15)/s, respectively, which were significantly higher than the values after injection [ (2.76 +/- 1.31) dB/s and (0.09 +/- 0.02)/s, respectively] (P < 0.05). The values of AUC and TTP before the injection of glycerin were (137.4 +/- 68.4) dB s and (6.33 +/- 3.71) s, which were significantly lower than the values after injection [(309.5 +/- 88.9) dB s and (8.61 +/- 3.97) s, respectively] (P < 0.01). No significant change of DPI, BUN or SCr was found.

CONCLUSIONSCEUS can precisely display the hemodynamic change of ARF model of rabbit in the early stage, with superior sensitivity than BUN and SCr. It may be a promising imaging method for the early diagnosis of ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Contrast Media ; Creatinine ; blood ; Early Diagnosis ; Rabbits ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo seek consciousness regaining methods at early stage for coma patients in neurosurgery.

METHODSPatients whose Galsgows Coma Scale (GCS) < 8 including cerebral contusion, cerebral hemorrhage and brain tumor were randomly divided into an observation group (218 cases) and a control group (237 cases). Conventional medicine and/or surgery were used in two groups. After vital signs became stable, Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method was applied at Shuigou (GV 26), Baihui (GV 20), Neiguan (PC 6), etc. and combined with exercise therapy in observation group, while no rehabilitation therapy was used in control group. The therapeutic effect between two groups was compared.

RESULTSAfter 30 days' treatment, the conscious rate of observation group (80.7%, 176/218) was higher than that of control group (46.8%,111/237), and there was statistics significance between them (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONEarly acupuncture combined with exercise therapy can improve the conscious rate of coma patients in neurosurgery, thereby decrease their mortality and disability rate.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Coma ; therapy ; Consciousness ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the changes of proximal arterial pressure and peripheral blood pressure in patients with symptomatic cerebral artery stenosis before and after cerebral artery stenting,and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of real-time arterial pressure measurement device.Methods Fifty patients with carotid artery stenosis and 50 patients with vertebral artery stenosis diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography were selected.During the treatment of cerebral vascular stent implantation,the guiding catheter was sent to the proximal stenosis of the treated vessel,the real-time arterial pressure measuring device was connected to measure the arterial pressure,and the average peripheral blood pressure of the corresponding upper limb was measured at the same time.The proximal mean arterial blood pressure and upper limb mean peripheral blood pressure were recorded after stent angioplasty in the same way,and the mean pressure difference of proximal stenosis was compared before and after stent angioplasty,and the influencing factors were evaluated,as well as the safety and effectiveness of arterial pressure measurement device.Results The acquisition rate of proximal pressure difference before and after operation was 100%in 100 patients with cerebral artery stenosis,the difference of proximal pressure difference before and after operation was statistically significant(P<0.001).In the same group,the mean arterial pressure of patients with moderate and severe stenosis was significantly higher than that of patients with moderate stenosis before treatment(P<0.05);in the vertebral artery group,only the mean peripheral blood pressure of patients with severe stenosis after stenting was significantly lower than that before stenting(P<0.05).The difference of arterial pressure in the carotid artery group was significantly higher than that in the vertebral artery group(P<0.05).For patients with carotid artery stenosis undergoing stent implantation,the mean arterial pressure difference was(18.03±17.28)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)before and after operation,and there was no significant correlation between the change of pressure difference and peripheral blood pressure(r=0.448,P>0.05),but there was a positive correlation between the change of pressure difference and the degree of stenosis(r=0.827,P<0.001).For patients with vertebral artery stenosis undergoing stent implantation,the mean arterial pressure difference before and after operation was(10.25±16.75)mmHg,which was positively correlated with peripheral blood pressure(r=0.664,P<0.05)and the degree of stenosis(r=0.843,P<0.005).The correlation analysis of preoperative and postoperative arterial pressure difference in all patients also showed that the degree of stenosis was positively correlated with the preoperative and postoperative arterial pressure difference of the proximal stenosis(r=0.693,P<0.005).There was no plaque shedding during the monitoring process with the arterial pressure measurement device,and there were no complications such as vascular dissection and embolic bleeding.Conclusion Real-time arterial pressure monitoring device can safely and effectively monitor the changes of blood pressure during and after cerebral artery stenting,arterial stent implantation can effectively reduce the blood pressure of the proximal stenosis,which provides a reference for early prediction of the degree of vascular stenosis and blood pressure management during and after operation to formulate targeted clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of tetrandrine on activity of collagenase derived from human hypertrophic scar for the sake of clarifying the mechanism as tetrandrine acting on scar.

METHODSThe experimental concentration was controlled below that of cell proliferation inhibited, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was adopted to separate collagenase from extracellular matrix, and then activated by trypsin analyzed the activity of collagenase with density scanning apparatus. At the same time quantity of extracellular collagen was measured using improved chloraseptine T oxidizing assay, moreover analyzed correlation between activity of collagenase and quantity of extracellular collagen.

RESULTSIn the concentration below the lever of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, the total activity of collagenase could be significantly increased by tetrandrine with dosage-dependence associated with quantity of extracellular collagen reduced, which was much greater than that of triamcinolone.

CONCLUSIONIncreasing activity of collagenase on degradation of collagen even in a lower concentration was one of the mechanisms of tetrandrine treating hypertrophic scar.

Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagenases ; metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Humans

Recent randomized controlled clinical trials in Africa have demonstrated that adult male circumcision (MC) efficiently decreases the rate of HIV, HPV and HSV-2 infections. Many studies have clearly shown that MC is a simple, safe, and cost-effective method for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and urinary tract infection, and for improving genital hygiene. While a 30% MC prevalence exists worldwide, only 5% or less of the Chinese males have undergone circumcision. In this review, we report recent trends in international MC and HIV prevention efforts, as well as the potential benefits and importance of promoting MC in China. We appeal to medical and public health authorities to pay close attention to the international experience in MC and HIV prevention.
Circumcision, Male ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Reproductive Medicine ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of enteral nutrition(EN) on liver function and inflammatory response after abdominal operation in patients with liver dysfunction.

METHODSA prospective multicenter study was conducted. Patients requiring EN for at least 5 days after abdominal surgery with at least 1 abnormal liver function index were included. After operations, EN suspensions(TPF-FOS) were administered for 5 days after the return of bowel function with targeted content of 125.52 kJ(30 kcal)·kg(-1)·d(-1) maintained for a minimum of 3 days. Levels of serum pre-albumin, C-reaction protein(CRP), and liver function index were measured and the incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) was recorded before operation and 6 days after EN. Occurrence of gastrointestinal discomfort was monitored during the treatment.

RESULTSNo statistically significant difference was found in pre-albumin between preoperative level and post-EN level[(175.94±71.79) mg/L vs.(192.22±91.26) mg/L, P=0.162]. Patients with abnormal level of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase were less after EN compared to the preoperative period(30 vs. 40, P=0.041), as was total bilirubin (3 vs. 9, P=0.034). No significant differences in other indices of liver function were found. Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin decreased after EN support(P=0.000 and P=0.015, respectively). CRP was notably reduced after EN support [(48.74±65.16) mg/L vs.(25.79±23.63) mg/L, P=0.009] and the incidence of SIRS largely declined after EN support(19.0% vs. 10.3%, P=0.059). The incidence of gastrointestinal discomfort was 22.4% on postoperative day 1 and declined to 19.0% on postoperative day 5.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with liver dysfunction, enteral nutrition support with TPF-FOS after abdominal operation can reduce inflammatory response, improve liver function, and maintain serum protein level.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Adult ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Enteral Nutrition ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; therapy ; Liver ; physiopathology ; Liver Diseases ; complications ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; therapy ; Postoperative Period ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus (HBV) replication has been reported to be involved in many extrahepatic viral disorders; however, the mechanism by which HBV is transinfected into extrahepatic tissues such as myocardium and causes HBV associated myocarditis remains largely unknown.

METHODSIn this study, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were infected by HBV and then transfused into ischemic model of mice. HBV surface and core antigen as well as mutation of HBV particles were detected by immunohistochemistry, fluorescent activated cell sorter and transmission electron microscopy in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTSHuman cord blood EPCs, but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could be effectively infected by taking up HBV in vitro. HBV envelope surface and core antigen expressions were first detectable in EPCs at day 3 after virus challenge, sustained for up to 11 days, and decreased thereafter. Similarly, the virus particles were the most abundant in EPCs in the first week observed by a transmission electron microscope, and declined in 3 weeks after HBV infection. HBV DNA but not HBV cccDNA in EPCs were detectable even 3 weeks after virus challenge, as shown by PCR analysis. Furthermore, intravenous transplantation of HBV-treated EPCs into myocardial infarction Sprague & Dawley rats model resulted in incorporation of both EPCs and HBV into injured endothelial tissues of capillaries in the ischemic border zone.

CONCLUSIONSThese results strongly support that EPCs serve as virus carrier mediating HBV trans-infection into the injured myocardial tissues. The findings might suggest a novel mechanism for HBV-associated myocarditis.

Cell Movement ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; physiology ; Heart ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; physiology ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Stem Cells ; physiology

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and acupuncture has been gradually accepted by the mainstream society since the 1970s and has been rapidly expanding, accompanying the tide of Chinese immigration since the 1980s. Acupuncture legislation has been approved by the governments of 5 provinces in Canada between 1988 and 2014. After the acceptance of self-regulation, 5 corresponding colleges were established, one after another. The code of ethics and professional practice standard were developed by the Colleges. British Columbia (BC) became the first Canadian province to offer acupuncture treatments as a supplementary benefit for its Medical Services Plan premium assistance recipients beginning in 2008. The 5 colleges united to form the Canadian Alliance of Regulatory Bodies of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists (CARBTCMPA) in the same year. The Entry-level Occupational Competencies for the Practice of TCM in Canada were developed by CARB-TCMPA in 2010. The Pan-Canadian registration examinations for acupuncturists, herbalists and TCM practitioners have been administered and scheduled since 2013. The Entry-level Occupational Competencies for Doctors of TCM were developed by College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners and Acupuncturists of British Columbia (CTCMA-BC) in 2014. It sketches the blueprint for future development of the TCM profession in Canada.
Acupuncture Therapy ; trends ; Canada ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Legislation as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; trends

Accurate prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital cardiovascular anomalies,vascular ones in particular,is still challenging.A fetal cardiovascular cast model can provide a copy of the cardiac chambers and great vessels with normal or pathological structures.This study was aimed to demonstrate three-dimensional anatomy of complex congenital cardiovascular anomalies in fetuses by means of corrosion casting.Twenty fetuses with prenatal-ultrasound-diagnosed complex cardiovascular anomalies were enrolled in this study (19 to 35 gestational weeks).Fetal cardiovascular cast models were made by a corrosion casting technique.The specimens were injected with casting material via the umbilical vein,and then immersed in strong acid after casting fluid was solidified,to disclose the geometries of cardiovascular cavities.Nineteen cast models were successfully made from 20 specimens.The casts distinctly showed the morphological malformations and spatial relationship between cardiac chambers and great vessels.One hundred and eleven abnormalities were revealed by casting in the 19 specimens,including 34 abnormalities located in the cardiac chambers (3,4 and 27 anomalies in the atria,atrioventricular valves and ventricles,respectively),and 77 in the great vessels (28,20,24 and 5 anomalies in the aorta and its branches,the pulmonary artery,the ductus arteriosus and the major veins,respectively).Corrosion casting can display three-dimensional anatomy of fetal complex cardiovascular anomalies.This improves our understanding of related pathomorphology and prenatal diagnosis.