Objective To compare the clinical treatment effects, advantages and disadvantages,and clinical application value of percutaneous liver mirror of gravel (PTCSL) treating hepatolith in two different paths, and provide the reference for the future operations. Methods 81 patients with liver and gallbladder stones form March 2007 to July 2007 were selected, and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Observation group take colostomy lithotomy method, which is the one step colostomy lithotomy method, while the control group take two-step methods. Then stone-taking net rate, incidence of complications and hospitalization time were compared between two groups of patients after the treatment cycle of the bleeding. Results After the treatment, statistical results showed that calculi net rate, incidence of complications and length of hospital stay in two groups of patients were not significantly differences (P > 0.05). But the blood loss by the method of one-step colostomy lithotomy in observation group was obviously lower than by the two-step method in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions In clinical, percutaneous liver way mirror lithotripsy (PTCSL) is a more effective method for treatment of hepatolith, two kinds of surgical methods on the path in the clinical treatment effect and complications of the control aspect have the obvious curative effect, but the one-step method of colostomy lithotomy has less blood loss, which under certain conditions can be considered as the choice of operation.

Objective To explore the feasibility of sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis palmaris using mini-endoscopic instruments and two ports approaches.Methods Thirty-one patients underwent sympathectomy using 3 or 5 mm mini-endoscopic through the cannula introduced at the fourth intercostal space and a 2.5 mm Hook-electrode through the cannula introduced at the second intercostal space on the anterior axillary line,without pleural drainage.Results All cases were successful without major intraoperative incident and postoperative complications,such as wound infection and bleeding.No analgesic was used.The average time of operations was(25?8) minutes each side.Hyperhidrosis palmaris was disappeared in 29 cases(93.5%),reduced in 2 cases(6.5%) postoperatively.Conclusions Sympathectomy using mini-endoscopic instruments and two ports approaches is safe,feasible and effective with good cosmetic result.

Objective To explore the potential predominance and value of percutaneous hepatocholangiostomy (PCH) in treatment of recurrence hepatobiliary stones (RHS). Methods Seventeen cases with RHS were treated by PCH from February 2001 to October 2005, which was an improved technology of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) and made reference to the methods of percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN). Results Seventeen cases were successfully treated. The average blood loss was 40 ml (ranging from 15 to 100 ml), and stones were removed completely in 88.2% (15/17). The average hospital stay was 14 (ranging from 10 to 59) days. No one required postoperative analgesic. No postoperative bleeding and biliary leakage were found. Conclusions PCH has significant advantages of minimal invasion, little blood loss, less pain, less complications and quick recovery in the treatment of RHS.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of butyl cyanoacrylate used to close type Ⅰ and Ⅱ skin incisions in non-emergency operations of general surgery.Methods We have enrolled 31 cases with written consent.Upon completion of the surgery butyl cyanoacrylate was used to close skin incisions instead of surgical sutures after suturing subcutaneous tissue with 4-0 absorbable thread.Results The length of incisions was 12 - 180 mm (32 ± 32) mm.On the first post-op day,2 cases had redness and 1 had some effusion within the incision subsiding on the second day,there were no fever.Moderate pain was recorded in 3 cases on the first day after operation.The number of cases reporting slight pain on the first day,third day and fifth day were respectively 28,18 and 5.The others had no any pain.The healing time was (6.3 ± 1.1 ) d,there was no delayed healing,no other complications.Conclusions The tissue adhesive method,using butyl cyanoacrylate is of value in closing type Ⅰ and Ⅱskin incisions in general surgery.It has the advantage of reducing scar and inflammation.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation(PTOBF)lithotomy plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in the treatment of choledocholithiasis combined with cholecystolithiasis.Methods:From Jul 2012 to Jun 2018, 44 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis were treated by PTOBF + LC ( n=20) vs laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)+ LC( n=24). Results:The success rate of one-step operation in both groups was 100%.The average intra-operative hemorrhage and the average hospital stay after operation were higher in LCBDE+ LC group (all P<0.05). The post-operative complication rate of PTOBF lithotomy + LC group was 10.0% (2/20), recurrence rate of observation period was 10.0% (2/20), while that of LCBDE+ LC group was 8.3% (2/24), and 12.5% (3/24), the difference was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Conclusion:PTOBF lithotomy combined with LC is a safe, effective and feasible minimally invasive method for the treatment of choledocholithiasis combined with gall stones.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation (PTOBF) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) in the treatment of hepatolithiasis with hepatobiliary surgery history,and to explore the clinical application value of PTOBF.Methods This is retrospective analysis of 68 patients with hepatolithiasis who were admitted to hepatobiliary surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from November 2009 to October 2017.Among these cases,35 patients in the observation group (group PTOBF) were treated with PTOBF,and 33 patients in the control group (group PTCS) received PTCS treatment.The final clearance rate,the postoperative complications rate,the hospitalization time,the operation times within the course of treatment,the recurrence rate and the residual stenosis rate of the two groups were compared.Results Compared with group PTCS,the clearance rate was significantly higher in group PTOBF(82.9％ vs 54.6％,P＜0.05),while the postoperative complications rate between the two groups are similar (14.3 ％ vs 30.3 ％,P＞ 0.05);Besides,the hospitalization time(12.3±5.3 d vs 17.4±7.0 d,P＜0.05),the operation times within the course of treatment (2.2±1.3 vs 2.8±1.0,P＜0.05) and the recurrence rate(17.4％ vs 39.4％,P＜0.05) of group PTOBF were obviously lower.Conclusions PTOBF is a safe and feasible treatment for hepatolithiasis with hepatobiliary surgery history.Compared with PTCS,it has the advantages of short hospitalization time,fewer operations and better recovery.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation (PTOBF) with rigid cholangioscopic lithotripsy for treatment of complicated hepatolithiasis under the ultrasonic navigation technique.Methods In this retrospective study,PTOBF lithotripsy surgery was performed in 94 patients with hepatolithiasis under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation,and with percutaneous transhepatic puncture of targeted bile duct under ultrasonic navigation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.Biliary expanders were used along a guidewire to expand the sinus gradually until 14Fr to establish a fistulous channel.Lithotripsy was then performed through the channel by rigid cholangioscopy.The operation-related data were collected and analyzed,including puncture and fistula establishment success ratio,complication rate,intraoperative blood loss,residual and recurrence hepatolithiasis rates.Results 94 patients (total 122 patient-times) underwent PTOBF lithotripsy.There was no perioperative mortality.The overall puncture success rate was 100％,and the fistula/puncture rate was 97.5％ (119/122).In 118 patients success was achieved in 2 time (96.7％).The complication rate was 9.6％ (9/94).The average intraoperation blood loss were (24.9 ± 21.3)ml.The residual calculus rate after therapy was 13.8％ (13/94).All patients were followed-up for a period that ranged between 18 and 30 months.The recurrence rate was 14.9％ (14/94).Conclusions Ultrasonic navigation technique plays an important role in bile duct puncture,sinus expansion and rigid cholangioscopic lithotripsy for treatment of complicated hepatolithiasis.PTOBF lithotripsy is a safe and effective procedure,which provides a new way in mini-invasive treatment for hepatolithiasis.It is worth generalizing.

Objective:To study the use of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation based on three-dimensional visualization technology (3D-PTOBF) in the treatment of complex hepatolithiasis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 116 patients with complex hepatolithiasis treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2016 to December 2019. There were 56 patients in the 3D-PTOBF group (treated by 3D-PTOBF), and 60 patients in the traditional PTOBF group (received traditional PTOBF approach). The stone clearance rate, postoperative complication rate, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time, number of cholangioscopic treatment procedures and stone recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results:When compared with the traditional PTOBF group, the 3D-PTOBF group had significantly less procedures (1.43±0.71 vs. 2.07±1.22, P<0.05), and shorter hospital stay (4.6±2.3 d vs. 6.1±2.9 d, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the immediate stone clearance, final stone clearance, postoperative complications and stone recurrence rates between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:3D-PTOBF was safe and feasible to treat complex hepatolithiasis. When compared with PTOBF, it had the advantages of shorter operation time and decreased hospital stay.

Objective:To study the correlation between biliary angle and hepatolithiasis in liver segment Ⅵ.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 46 patients with liver segment Ⅵ bile duct stones treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2017 to January 2021 was carried out. There were 18 males and 28 females, with the age of (55.7±10.5) years. During the study period, 50 patients with cholecystitis were enrolled to form the control group, which consisted of 19 males and 31 females, with the age of (57.4±14.4) years. The angles of the right hepatic duct and the bile duct in segment Ⅵ were measured by the 3D hepatic visualization model. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze factors correlated with formation of segment Ⅵ bile duct stones.Results:The angles of the segment Ⅵ bile duct (124.5±23.1)° and the right hepatic duct (83.5±14.4)° in the study group were significantly larger than the control group(111.8±27.7)°, (76.9±14.8)°. The difference was significant ( t=2.44, 2.10, P=0.017, 0.039). Analysis showed that the angles of segment Ⅵ bile duct ( OR=1.024, 95% CI: 1.006-1.042, P=0.010) and right hepatic duct ( OR=1.035, 95% CI: 1.005-1.065, P=0.020) correlated with bile duct stones in segment Ⅵ, with greater the angles, greater were the rates of bile duct stones in segment Ⅵ. Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that stones were more commonly formed when the angle of bile duct in segment Ⅵ was over 102.295°. The sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve were 91.3%, 34.0% and 0.631 respectively. Conclusion:The angles of segment Ⅵ bile duct and right hepatic duct were risk factors associated with segment VI bile duct calculi.