Objective? To explore the effects of scenario simulation in the teaching of preventing sharp injuries and to evaluate its advantage compared with the traditional teaching method. Methods? Using convenient sampling method, 120 nursing students who practiced in the Operating Room of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2018 to December 2018 were selected and divided into the observation group (n=67) and control group (n=53) according to their batches of practice. In the control group, sharps injury prevention and occupational protection were taught in the classroom by the instructor in the form of theoretical teaching; in the observation group, sharps injury was taught by the instructor in the mode of scenario simulation training; the internship lasted for 4 weeks. After the internship, the positive rate of attitude towards sharps injury protection, the awareness rate of knowledge about sharps injury protection, the score of sharps injury protection behavior, the score of operation examination and the score of theoretical examination were compared between the two groups. Results? The positive rate of protective attitude towards sharps injury was 100% in both groups. The awareness rate of the common protective measures and disposal methods of sharps injury in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significan(t P＜ 0.05). The scoring of dirt treatment, specialist operation and post-injury disposal dimensions in the observation group were higher than that in the control group, and the total score of sharps injury self-protection behavior was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significan(t P＜ 0.05). The results of operation examination in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, but the results of theoretical examination in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Applying scenario simulation in the teaching of preventing sharps injury may improve the nursing students' knowledge about sharps injury prevention, enhance their self-protected behaviors and post-injury management abilities,meanwhile, it can improve their specialized operating skills.