BACKGROUND: Foot strike patterns in adults during running have always been the focus of worldwide research, and the strike patterns of children are also something that cannot be ignored. OBJECTIVE: Using biomechanical methods to explore the differences in kinematics and kinetics of children in different strike patterns during the running process, and to provide a scientific basis for children’s correct way of running. METHODS: Seventy-four children were randomly selected from a public kindergarten in Haidian District, Beijing, and were divided into 3-year-old group, 4-year-old group and 5-year-old group. The kinematics and kinetics data of enrolled children in different strike patterns during running were acquired simultaneously using the BTS infrared motion capture system, the Kistler three-dimensional force table and the VIXTA video analysis system. The muscle strength index of the lower limbs was calculated using the Anybody 5.2 simulation modeling software. Before participation in the trial, children’s parents were fully informed of study protocol and signed the informed consent form. The trial protocol met the relevant ethical requirements of Beijing Normal University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the 3-year-old group, the proportion of mid foot strike (MFS) was the highest, and the proportion of fore foot strike (FFS) was the lowest. In the 5-year-old group, the proportion of MFS was the lowest, and the proportion of FFS was the highest. The rear foot strike (RFS) extension time was longer than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). (2) At the moment of landing, the flexion angle of FFS was greater than that of RFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05), and the flexion angle of MFS was greater than that of RFS (P < 0.05). The hip adduction-abduction angle of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). The maximum hip abduction angle of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.01). The amount of joint changes in the RFS hip adduction and abduction was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). The minimum flexion and extension of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.05). The maximal hip adduction-abduction angular velocity of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.05), and the maximal knee adduction-abduction angular velocity of RFS was greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). (3) The muscle strength of the short bones of the tibia, the long tibia and the third metatarsal muscle of FFS and MFS was greater than that of RFS (P < 0.05). The bundle muscle strength of the medial femoral muscle, the lateral femoral muscle bundle, the lateral femoral muscle bundle, the medial femoral muscle bundle, the medial femoral muscle bundle, and the medial femoral muscle of RFS were greater than that of FFS (P < 0.01) and MFS (P < 0.05). (4) In the 3-6 years old, children often run in the heel or full-foot landing mode to meet their stability during the running process. As the age increases, the running pattern with the forefoot landing gradually appears. To keep the movement steady, RFS can trigger more hip and knee frontal motions, FFS and MFS can offer more muscle strength on the anterior and posterior sides of the calf, while RFS can offer more muscle strength on the anterior side of the thigh.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the protection of Ginsenoside(GS) for spinal cells and nitric oxide (NO).

METHODSpinal cells were cultured in vitro, the model of peripheral nerve was established by scarifying the cells, and NO was measured by Griess method.

RESULTNO in injury group was high than that in noninjury group and NO in group cultured by GS was less than that in group cultured by common medium.

CONCLUSIONNO increases when peripheral nerve is injuried, and the protective effect of GS on spinal cells may be through inhibiting NO release.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Fetus ; Ginsenosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Motor Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neurons, Afferent ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective: To development of ethylene glycol samples in silicone tubes, and the samples were applied to inter-laboratory comparison, through it to evaluate the detection capacity of occupational health testing laboratories. Methods: Three content levels of ethylene glycol samples in silicone tubes were prepared, and the homogeneity and stability of samples were investigated, the results were statistically analyzed. A robust statistical four-point distance method was used to calculate the results submitted by each participant laboratory and the test capability of the laboratory was assessed by the z-score method. Results: The statistic of the homogeneity of ethylene glycol samples in silicone tubes were less than the critical value (P>0.05) , and the samples were stable at room temperature for one month. The satisfactory rate of comparison between 204 laboratories was 88.24%. Conclusion The homogeneity and stability of the ethylene glycol samples in the silicone tubes can meet the requirements of proficiency testing and can be used for laboratory comparison. Most of the laboratories that participated in the comparison had the ability to detect ethylene glycol.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship betweenand effect by data mining technique with retrieving clinical literature about acupuncturesince the founding of the country.

METHODSThe modern computerization and data mining technologies were adopted to set up clinical literature about acupuncturedatabase. The relevant clinical literature was collected, screened, extracted, and statistical and correlation analyses were used so as to explore the relationship betweenand effect.

RESULTS82.1% (46/56) of the studies considered thatwas related to the effect; 17.9% (10/56) of the studies considered thatwas unrelated to the effect. The support ofrelated to the effect is 100% on dysmenorrhea and facial paralysis. 72% (18/25) of the the articles of pain syndrome considered thatwas related to the effect; 28% (7/25)of the studies considered thatwas unrelated to the effect. In the research of the relationship between the features ofand effect, 60.7% of the studies suggested that the sense of conduction was positively correlated with the effect. There were 21 studies on the relationship between the intensity ofand effect, involving a variety of diseases, which was related to the type of the disease. 58.3% (7/12) of the articles on dysmenorrhea and 63% (34/54) on pain syndrome supported conduction positively correlated to effect, showing the highest frequencies. 50% (3/6) of the papers on facial paralysis supported weaksensation positively correlated to effect, which was the highest frequency.

CONCLUSIONSMost studies considered thatcan improve clinical efficacy. The relationship between different features ofand effect is closely related to the disease. Further study may focus on high quality research on the relationship betweenand the obvious effect achieved by acupuncture so as to summarize the law of.

Objective: To study the synergistic and additive effects of commonly used antibiotics on multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli and to establish a database of combined pharmacodynamics in vitro. Methods: Seven antibiotics including fosfomycin (PHOS), levofloxacin (LEV), ceftazidime (CAZ), compound sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP), cefoperazone/sulbactam (SCF) and imipenem (IMP) were selected and grouped into 21 drug pairs. Based on the results of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) test and modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), a total of 172 strains of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli were divided into four groups: 20 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (group A), 50 strains of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (group B), 62 strains of ESBLs-producing Enterobacter (group C) and 40 strains of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (group D). Chessboard dilution method was used to detect the in vitro combined efficacy of 21 drug pairs on drug-resistant bacteria from the four groups. Whonet 5.6 was used for statistical analysis. Results: All 172 strains were single drug resistant to the seven antibiotics. Results of the combined drug efficacy test showed that no antagonism was found in the four groups. In group A, ten drug pairs, especially the combination of PHOS+ LEV (30%, 6/20), had synergistic effects and 14 showed partial synergistic effects, but no additive effect was detected. Synergistic effects, partial synergistic effects and additive effects were respectively achieved by 12, ten and three drug pairs in group B. The LEV+ SMZ combination had synergistic effects against 56% (28/50) of the strains, which was the highest among all combinations. There were 14, 17 and 16 drug pairs showing synergistic effects, partial synergistic effects and additive effects in group C, respectively, and the strongest synergistic effects were achieved by the IMP+ LEV combination (30.6%, 19/62). There were 12, 14 and 13 drug pairs having synergistic effects, partial synergistic effects and additive effects in group D, respectively, and the strongest synergistic effects were achieved by the IMP+ LEV combination (20%, 8/40). Conclusions The combined use of quinolones, carbapenems, sulfonamides and PHOS could have good synergistic effects against multi-drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Monitoring the in vitro combined efficacy before treatment would improve the accuracy of antibiotic use and is of great clinical value.

Although guidelines and expert consensuses have been published on the diagnosis and treatment of cholestatic liver disease recently in China and the rest of the world, many problems still exist in the biochemical standard for the diagnosis of cholestasis; for example, there are substantially different diagnostic criteria for cholestasis of various causes. This brings confusion to clinical doctors and is not good for research. This article analyzes common parameters in cholestasis and points out the problems in diagnosis. It is recommended to organize in-depth discussions and set standard for the diagnosis of cholestasis, in order to provide a more reliable basis for clinical research on cholestasis.

Cilia and flagella on eukaryotic cells are polarized organelles extending from the surfaces of cells, which participate not only in cell motility, but also in signal transduction and other processes. Structural or functional abnormalities of cilia can cause various human diseases, termed ciliopathies. Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathic human genetic disorder, and the pathogenesis is that mutated BBS genes result in abnormal cilia function. In order to study the pathogenic genes BBS8, we screened bbs8 mutant in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and did a lot of physiology and biochemistry experiments. We affirmed that BBS8 protein was a cilia protein and had specific localization in the basal body by immunofluorescence (IF). The bbs8 mutant lost photokinesis, and it was defective in flagella shortening with drug induction. The results of silver staining and mass spectrometric analysis showed aberrant accumulation of flagellar proteins in the mutant flagella. We concluded that the BBS8 protein plays a significant role in flagellar membrane proteins transport, and the BBS8 protein might mediate retrograde transport to exert physiological function in the process.
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Cilia ; Flagella ; Humans ; Protein Transport

OBJECTIVE: To observe the in vivo activity of Ranti-HER, a fully human monoclonal antibody, and combined with the doxorubicin or CPT-11 in established human tumor xenografts in nude mice, and to investigate whether EGFR expression is correlated with this activity. METHODS: The overall receptor of EGF was quantified by flow cytometry. The anti-tumor effects of Ranti-HER were evaluated using established, s /c human carcinoma xenografts in nude mice, and the relative growth rate of tumor was used to assess the anti-tumor activity. RESULTS: A431 cells showed highly expression of EGFR by flow cytometry, SW620 showed negative expression, and EGFR were expressed positively in HT29 and SW948 cells, but both of them were showed low expression. Ranti-HER(0.25-1.0 mg) could inhibit the tumor growth in human A431 epidermoid carcinoma xenografts and dose-effect relationship was observed; Ranti-HER(1.0 mg) could also inhibit the tumor growth in human SW948 colon carcinoma xenografts, but no anti-tumor effects of Ranti-HER 1.0 mg were observed in human HT29 and SW620 colon carcinoma xenografts. Therapeutic enhancement was observed in the A431 xenografts after treatment with Ranti-HER combined with doxorubicin. For another combination regimens, Ranti-HER and CPT-11 proved to be significantly more efficacious than Ranti-HER monotherpy in SW948 xenografts. CONCLUSION: Antitumor activity of Ranti-HER are observed in xenografts in athymic nude mice, and the activity of Ranti-HER is correlated with the EGFR expression; synergistic effects are observed when Ranti-HER is combined with chemicals compared to Ranti-HER monotherapy.

The occurrence of supernumerary teeth is a relatively rare dental dysplasia. Permanent fourth molars are seldom observed in humans. A case of bilateral mandibular fourth molar is reported in this paper.
Humans ; Mandible ; Molar ; Tooth, Supernumerary

The radial support capacity of intravascular stent is usually evaluated by the planar compression or the radial compression methods. Based on FEM simulation, the planer and radial compression methods are compared, and the agreement of the evaluation for the radial support capacity between these two methods is found. Moreover, the planer compression method is used to study the geometric parameters' effect on the radial support capacity by numerical simulations and experiments. Results show that, at the beginning of the compression process, the radial support capacity is mainly influenced by the metal-to-artery surface ratio; at large compression rate, the radial support capacity will decrease sharply with the increment of post-expansion diameter and decrement of the thickness and metal-to-artery surface ratio. The results provide guidance to the design and test of stents.
Computer Simulation ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Prosthesis Design ; Software ; Stents