Uveitis is mainly T helper cells (Th)-mediated autoimmune disease.It is one of the common eye diseases causing blindness.Dendritic cells (DCs),which are now known as the most potential professional antigen presenting cells (APCs),and can stimulate naive T-cell activation effectively.DCs are believed to be the initial factor of the immune response,which play an important role in autoimmune disease,transplantation rejection and regulation of immune homeostasis.DCs are considered to be the initial cells to cause uveitis,and may be a key factor in pathogenesis and development of uveitis.In recent years,studies have shown that DCs can interact with a variety of immune cells,regulate the balance of Th1,Th2 and Th17,induce immune tolerance and adjust the process of uveitis.The role of DCs in uveitis is attached great importance.In this paper,the basic biological characteristics of DCs or in uveal tissue,the current knowledge on the regulation mechanism of DCs in uveitis and its clinical application prospects were reviewed.

Objective To compare the result of different method of airway humidification in cerebral infarction patients after tracheotomy. Methods 60 cerebral infarction patients after tracheotomy were divided into experiment group and control group randomly. 0.45% normal sodium was dropt with infusion pump consistently to humidify airway in experiment group and liquid was dropt with injector every 30 ～ 60 minutes in control group. Cough, sputum crusts,mucosa bleeding and pulmonary infection were compared between two groups. Result Therapeutic effect of experiment group was significantly better than control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion 0. 45% normal sodium been dropted with infusion pump consistently to humidify airway could reduce the incidence of sputum crusts and pulmonary infection, prevent cough and mucosa bleeding obviously.

AIM: To investigate the antimicrobial activity of linezolid,vancomycin and other antibacterials against 111 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.METHODS: Broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of linezolid,vancomycin and other antibacterials against 111 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus identified by cefoxitin.RESULTS: The resistant rates of 111 MRSA to ?-lactam,erythromycin,aminoglycosides(netilmicin and gentamycin),fluoroquinolones(gatifloxacin,moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) and chloromycin were 100%,92.8%,99.1%,91.9%-99.1%,3.6%.All 111 MRSA were sensitive to linezolid and vancomycin,and MIC50 and MIC90 of vancomycin were 0.5 and 1 ?g/mL,MIC50 and MIC90 of linezolid were 2 ?g/mL.CONCLUSION: 111 MRSA were resistant to most antibacterials including ?-lactam,erythromycin,aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.Linezolid and vancomycin have strong antimicrobial activity against MRSA.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of amiodarone combine with irbesartan on arrhythmia patients with heart failure ,to observe its effect on cardiac function and its mechanism .Methods 124 patients with chronic heart failure combine with arrhythmia were selected in the hospital from September 2013 to November 2014 ,they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group ,62 patients in each group .The control group was treated with amiodarone on the basis of routine thera-py ,the observation group was treated with amiodarone combine with irbesartan .The clinical efficacy of the two groups were as-sessed after treated 6 months ,the maintenance of sinus rhythm were observed after 1 ,3 and 6 months .By ultrasound heartbeat to assess heart function :cardiac stroke volume (SV) ,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ,left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) ,and to observe the adverse reactions .Results The efficiency rate of the observation group was 88 .71% (55/62) ,higher than that of the control group 62 .90% (39/62) ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .The maintenance rate of sinus rhythm after 1 ,3 and 6 months in observation group were 74 .19% (46/62) , 85 .48% (53/62) and 67 .74% (42/62) ,respectively ,higher than those of the control group[54 .84% (34/62) ,64 .52% (40/62) , 58 .06% (36/62)] ,the difference was statistically significant(P < 0 .05) .After treatment ,SV and LVEF of the observation group were (4 .69 ± 0 .31)L/min and (50 .31 ± 1 .20)% ,respectively ,higher than those of the control group (4 .22 ± 0 .30)L /min and (45 . 61 ± 0 .96)% ,SV and LVEF of two groups after treatment were higher than those of before treatment ,the difference was statisti-cally significant (P< 0 .05) .After treatment ,LVESD and LVEDD of the observation group were (51 .13 ± 3 .16)mm and (56 .20 ± 3 .24)mm ,respectively ,lower than those of the control group [(55 .08 ± 3 .03)mm and (60 .03 ± 3 .15)mm] ,LVESD and LVEDD of two groups after treatment were lower than those of before treatment ,the difference was statistically significant (P< 0 .05) .Com-pared the adverse reactions rate ,there was no statistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group (P> 0 .05) .Conclusion Amiodarone combine with irbesartan has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of heart failure combine with arrhythmia ,the maintenance rate of sinus rhythm can be significantly enhanced ,and improve heart function ,it has a higher se-curity .

Objective To study the influence of valsartan combined with indapamide on the UmAlb level and blood pressure in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus.Methods 90 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus were selected and randomly divided into three groups by number table.30 cases of the control group A were treated with indapamide,30 cases of the control group B were treated with valsartan,30 cases of the observa-tion group were treated with indapamide combined with valsartan.After treatment,the clinical parameters and effect of the three groups were compared.Results After treatment,the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the three groups were decreased(all P <0.05),and the observation group decreased obviously(all P <0.05).The total effective rate of the observation group was 96.7%,which was higher than 86.6% of the control group A and 83.3% of the control group B(χ2 =4.1 2,4.22,all P <0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of hypertension and diabetes,the antihypertensive effect of indapamide combined with valsartan is obvious and can protect the renal func-tion,which should be promoted in clinical use.

Objective To observe the sedative effects and analyze the cost-benefit of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for severe patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Eighty patients undergoing MV (24 hours < time of MV < 72 hours) with tracheal intubation and necessity of analgesic therapy in ICU from January 2014 to October 2014 in Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College were divided into midazolam group (39 cases) and dexmedetomidine group (41 cases) by random numerical table method. Both groups used intravenous continuous pump infusion of fentanyl 0.7 - 1.5μg·kg-1·h-1 as an analgesic therapy. The analgesic goal was critical care pain observation tool (COPT) score kept at 0 - 3, and the score was taken once per hour; when COPT score > 4, 0.5μg/kg fentanyl was added, when the analgesic goal was reached, the sedative treatment was given. In midazolam group, the patients received midazolam whose loading dose was 0.05 mg/kg intravenous injection (IV) in 2 minutes, followed by continuous IV pump infusion 0.03 - 0.30 mg·kg-1·h-1. In dexmedetomidine group, the patients received dexmedetomidine whose loading dose was slowly intravenous pump infusion of 0.5 - 1.0μg/kg, followed by continuous pump IV infusion of 0.2 - 0.7μg·kg-1·h-1; the sedation goal was richmond agitation-sedation scale (RASS) at 0 - 2, the score being taken once per hour, and as RASS > 0 point, the dosage of sedative was increased, and as RASS < -2, the dosage of sedative was reduced or discontinued. During the course of study, the heart rate (HR), blood pressure, the amount of sedative and analgesic used, duration of MV, extubation time, ICU stay time, total costs of sedative and fentanyl drugs, total ICU treatment costs and adverse reactions of patients were observed.Results Compared with midazolam group, the total amount of sedative used (mg/kg: 0.03±0.01 vs. 3.35±1.39), the dose of sedative used per hour (μg·kg-1·h-1: 0.66±0.13 vs. 59.78±19.44), the dose of fentanyl used (μg·kg-1·h-1: 0.40±0.21 vs. 0.57±0.26), the total costs of fentanyl used per hour (yuan: 1.41±0.86 vs. 2.00±0.84), the total costs in ICU per hour (yuan: 264.42±99.55 vs. 297.80±138.70) in dexmedetomidine group were significantly less (allP < 0.05); compared with midazolam group, the total costs of sedative in dexmedetomidine group was significantly higher (yuan: 8.97±5.05 vs. 7.78±4.22); the duration of MV [hours: 43.58 (39.83, 53.58) vs. 58.58 (46.17, 65.50)], extubation time [hours: 1.00 (1.67, 0.58) vs. 3.67 (2.00, 5.50)] and the time for staying in ICU [hours: 57.25 (47.33, 67.37) vs. 75.58 (64.67, 90.83)] were significantly shorter in dexmedetomidine group (allP < 0.05); the incidences of adverse reactions in dexmedetomidine group were significantly higher [hypotension: 29.27% (12/41) vs. 7.69% (3/39), bradycardia: 24.39% (10/41) vs. 5.13% (2/39), bothP < 0.05]; the incidence of delirium in dexmedetomidine group was lower [2.43% (1/41) vs. 15.38% (6/39),P < 0.05].Conclusion For ICU patients, dexmedetomidine is an ideal effective sedative, as it may shorten the duration of MV, the time for extubation, the period staying in ICU, reduce the dosage of analgesic used and the cost of treatment in ICU.

Objective To investigate diagnostic methods and treatment of subcutaneous fat necrosis in neonate (ScFN). Methods The clinical data of a case with ScFN was reported and the etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis were reviewed. Results The case was a 2 days female newborn delivered via cesarean section at full-term, and she came to hospital because of indurated nodules and plaques in the back and shoulders. Anti-infection treatment after admission was not effective. On the 10th day in hospital, the back lesions appear as soft and lfuctuant and then diagnosed as ScFN by biopsy which showed a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration and fatty degeneration. The patient was followed up with good prognosis. Conclusions ScFN is a benign self-limiting fat disease, mostly occurred in the first four weeks of full-term newborns with history of abnormal childbirth.

Objective To investigate the effects of GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) as an immune adjuvant on the anti-fertility efficacy of canine zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (CZP3) DNA vaccine.Methods RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to analyze the effects of GM-CSF on the maturation of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and the enrichment of APCs at injection site.Female BALB/c mice were immunized with CZP3 DNA vaccine pcDNA3-CZP3 alone or in combination with genetic adjuvant pcDNA3-GM-CSF by using the method of electrical impulses.ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to detect the levels of IgG and sIgA (secretory IgA) antibodies in serum samples and genital tracts and the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in serum samples.MTT method was used to analyze the proliferation of spleen T cells in mice.The binding ability of serum anti-CZP3 antibody to native mouse oocytes was analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence assay.All of the female BALB/c mice were coupled with male mice of the same age six weeks after the first-dose vaccination.Litter size at birth in each group was counted and the differences between different groups were comparatively analyzed.ResultsImmunizing the mice with pcDNA3-CZP3 and GM-CSF significantly promoted the expression of CD80, CD83 and CD86 (P<0.05) and increased the sIgA antibody level in genital tract and IgG level in serum (P<0.01).Moreover, the levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in serum samples were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05) and the proliferation of spleen T cells was significantly enhanced (P<0.05).Results of the indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that the fluorescence intensity and density on mouse egg surface were positively correlated with the level of antibody in serum.Results of the anti-fertility test suggested that GM-CSF significantly reduced the litter size in mice immunized with pcDNA3-CZP3 vaccine (P<0.05).Conclusion GM-CSF could be used as an effective adjuvant to enhance the anti-fertility efficacy of CZP3 DNA vaccine.

Objective To observe the concentration effects of alcohol in perineurial block on the structure and function of sciatic nerve and it's innervated muscles in rats so as to provide the basis for clinical application of chemical neurolysis.Methods One hundred and fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were used and randomly assigned into a blank group(BG,n =6),a control group(CG,n =36),a 50％ alcohol group(50G,n =36),a 75％ alcohol group(75G,n =36)and a 99.9％ alcohol group(99.9G,n =36).The CG received physiological saline injection,the 50G,75G,99.9G received corresponding concentrations alcohol perineurial block,respectively.Changes of motor function was assessed,electrophysiological and histomorphological observations of sciatic nerve and its innervated muscles were conducted before and at 24 h,72 h,1 week,4 week,12 week after block.Results(① Hypokinesia and decrease of motor conduction velocity(MCV)were observed at 24 h after block,and peaked at 72 h after block; at 1 week after block,the motor function and MCV improved,the improvement persisted to the 12th week (P ＜ 0.05); but at the 12th week,MCV was still slower than that before block(P ＜ 0.01).②There were significant differences with regard to motot function and MCV of sciatic nerve among 99.9G and the other groups at e ery time point after block(P ＜0.05); ③ Reversible dengeneration of sciatic nerve and hind limb muscle,nonreversible necrosis of muscle occurred more seriously with the increase of alcohol concentration,and the cicatrization in 99.9G was more obvious than that in 50G and 75G at the 12th week; ④Structural lesion of sciatic nerve occurred at 24 h after block and peaked at the 72th h,myelinated axonal sprouts appeared at 1 week after block and persisted to the 12th weck.Conclusions ① The effects of 99.9 ％ alcohol perineural block on the structural lesion,motor function and MCV of sciatic nerve and its related muscle were more obvious than those of 50％ and 75％ alcohol; ② The destructive effect of alcohol block would maintain more than 12 week and neural restoration would maintain more than 12 weeks too.

Objective To assess the relative value of individual positions in the functional departments of a general hospital in Beijing,for reference of improving the salary allocation system and fine management of human resources.Methods The expert consultation method and International Position Evaluation system were used to quantitatively assess the tasks,work difficulty,size of responsibility and the qualifications required for every.Results A total of 38 experts contributed to this research which studied 140 positions including all functional departments of this hospital.The department having the most positions is the finance department(17)and the least is the Youth League committee(1).The position scoring the highest(805)was the director of medical affairs department;that scoring the lowest(263)was the food and beverage service positions of the diet and nutrition department.There was an evident turning point at score 547.Conclusions Functional departments′ position setting of this hospital proves reasonable,and the assessment scoring can reflect the value of the position in related dimensions.The result can be used as reference indexes for the hospital to perfect its human resource management system and improve the remuneration precision.