Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most active fraction of compost organic matter. The presence of the redox-active functional groups in DOM allows it to act an electron shuttle to promote the electron transfer between microorganisms and terminal electron acceptors. In this study, the electron transfer capacities (ETCs) of compost DOM samples at eight different composting stages were determined by electrochemical method. The 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and Diquat dibro-mide monohydrate (DQ) were used to measured electron donating capacity (EDC) and electron accepting capacity(EAC) with working voltage 0.61 V/-0.49 V,respective. The evolution characteristics of the chemical structures and components were analyzed by combining the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra,fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and elemental analysis. The results showed that the electron donating capacity(EDC) of DOMincreased from 16.850 μmol e-/(g C) to 22.077 μmol e-/(g C), The corresponding electron accepting capacity (EAC) decreased from 1.866 μmol e-/(g C)to 1.779 μmol e-/(g C). The results of three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy show that the relative contents of humuc-likeand protein-like components gradually increased and decreased, respectively, during the composting process. The humuc-like components were the main contributor for the ETC of DOM. FTIR spectra shows that there was no significant change in the hydroxyl and carboxyl group contentsof DOM during composting, suggesting no contribution of these function groups to the ETC of DOM. The elemental analysis showed that the content of oxygen in the DOM increased during the composting process, while the sulfur-containing group may be dominated contributor forits ETC.

BACKGROUNDClarifying the risk factors for postoperative complications and taking measures to minimize these complications will improve the outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to systemically explore the risk factors for short-term postoperative complications in Chinese UC patients undergoing ileocolorectal surgery.

METHODSForty-nine UC patients undergoing proctocolectomy or ileostomy were retrospectively enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to reveal the risk factors among the clinical, laboratory, and surgical variables as well as preoperative medications.

RESULTSTwenty-two (44.9%) patients who suffered from at least one short-term postoperative event had more severe hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.007) and an increased prevalence of preoperative corticosteroid usage (prednisone more than 20 mg daily or equivalent) for more than 6 weeks (59.1% vs. 25.9%, P = 0.023) compared with patients without short-term postoperative complications. Based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) values of these two risk factors were 1.756 (0.889-3.470, P = 0.105) and 3.233 (0.916-11.406, P = 0.068), respectively. In 32 severe UC patients, prolonged preoperative hospital stay worsened the short-term postoperative outcomes.

CONCLUSIONSPreoperative corticosteroids usage and hypoalbuminemia worsened the short-term outcomes following ileocolorectal surgery in Chinese UC patients.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; adverse effects ; Adult ; Colectomy ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; complications ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Risk Factors

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Naozhenning on learning and memory ability and neuron damage in hippocampal CA1 region of post-concussion syndrome model rats based on mitochondrial function. MethodMultiple cerebral concussion （MCC） was induced in SPF Wistar rats with the free-fall impact method. Then the model rats were randomly classified into model group （equivalent volume of distilled water）， piracetam （0.43 g·kg^-1， ig） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose NZN （5.4， 10.8， 21.6 g·kg^-1， respectively， ig） groups， with 10 rats in each group， and another 10 normal rats were included in the normal control group （equivalent volume of distilled water）. The administration lasted 14 days and then relevant indexes were detected. Morris water maze test was used to observe the changes of learning and memory ability in each group， such as escape latency， residence time in primary quadrant， and times of crossing platform. The pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 region were observed based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed under the transmission electron microscope （TME） and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ was detected by colorimetry. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） was determined by fluorescence probe and mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） by fluorescein enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassay. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model group showed long escape latency， short residence time in target quadrant， few times of crossing the platform， significant decrease in counts of neurons and Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 region， damage of neuronal morphology and mitochondrial structure， and significant reduction of MMP and the content of mitochondrial ATP and respiratory chain complex I （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The NZN groups demonstrated short escape latency， long residence time in target quadrant， increased times of crossing the platform， small number of neurons and Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 region， alleviated damage of neuronal morphology and mitochondrial structure， and increase in MMP and the content of mitochondrial ATP and respiratory chain complex I （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNZN can improve the learning and memory ability of MCC rats by improving mitochondrial structure and function and alleviating hippocampal neuron injury.

The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and mortality in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) is unclear. From January 2007 to January 2014, a total of 928 consecutive AAD patients who were admitted within 48 h after the onset of symptoms were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether serum HDL-C level was below the normal lower limit or not. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify the predictive value of HDL-C for in-hospital mortality in patients with AAD. As compared with normal HDL-C group (n=585), low HDL-C group (n=343) had lower levels of systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin and higher levels of leukocyte, alanine aminotransferase, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and urea acid. Low HDL-C group had significantly higher in-hospital mortality than normal HDL-C group (21.6% vs. 12.6%, log-rank=10.869, P=0.001). After adjustment for baseline variables including demographics and biologic data, the increased risk of in-hospital mortality in low HDL-C group was substantially attenuated and showed no significant difference (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.86-1.77; P=0.259). Low HDL-C is strongly but not independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AAD.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aneurysm, Dissecting ; blood ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; Aortic Aneurysm ; blood ; diagnosis ; mortality ; pathology ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid ; blood

The aim of the present study is to investigate how cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) 2C8-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) regulate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and protect against oxidative stress-induced endothelial injuries in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were transfected with CYP2C8 or pretreated with exogenous EETs (1 μmol/L) before TNF-α (20 ng/mL) stimulation. Apoptosis and intracellular ROS production were determined by flow cytometry. The expression levels of ROS-associated NAD(P)H subunits gp91 and p47, the anti-oxidative enzyme catalase (CAT), Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that CYP2C8-derived EETs decreased apoptosis of HUVECs treated with TNF-α. Pretreatment with 11, 12-EET also significantly blocked TNF-α-induced ROS production. In addition, 11, 12-EET decreased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the ability of 11, 12-EET to protect cells against TNF-α-induced apoptosis via oxidative stress was abrogated by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). In conclusion, CYP2C8-derived EETs prevented TNF-α-induced HUVECs apoptosis via inhibition of oxidative stress associated with the Nrf2 signaling.
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Catalase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Heme Oxygenase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Models, Biological ; NADPH Oxidase 2 ; NADPH Oxidases ; genetics ; metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.
Child ; China/epidemiology* ; Consensus ; Dental Care ; Humans ; Malocclusion/prevention & control* ; Orthodontics, Interceptive